Utilizing Sludge Derived from Treating Whey with Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) as Potential Food or Animal Feed

Year 2024, , 24 - 32, 30.06.2024

Yusuf Esen , Mustafa Akgün , Rövşen Guliyev

https://doi.org/10.63063/jsat.1393034

Abstract

Whey, which is the production waste of the dairy industry, poses a significant challenge in terms of environmental pollution and requires an effective and sustainable solution. In this research, the potential use in the food and feed industries of protein sludge obtained from the treatment of whey supplied from local cheese producers in Ardahan using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to reduce the environmental impact was evaluated. To recover MNP, adsorption-desorption cycles were repeated 10 times, and then the amount of MNP added initially and recovered were compared. Afterwards, total protein determination was made in the separated protein sludge using the Kjeldahl method. The analyzes showed an 85% recovery rate of MNPs and it was observed that 15% MNPs remained in the sludge. The residual 15% consisting of MNP (Fe3O4) was considered potentially dangerous for ingestion by humans or animals, therefore rendering it unfit for use as an addition in food or feed. Thus, achieving a 100% MNP recovery becomes crucial. While some research exists on the suitability of Fe3O4 for plant and animal nutrition, most studies focus on natural sources of iron rather than chemical sources like in this study. Moreover, research examining its safety for human consumption is limited. Hence, future investigations should concentrate on developing methods for complete MNP recovery to enable the utilization of the sludge as a protein source.

Keywords

Magnetic Nanoparticle, whey, treatment, protein source

Ethical Statement

No study requiring an ethics committee report was carried out.

Supporting Institution

Ardahan University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office

Project Number

2020–008

Thanks

We would like to express our gratitude to Dr. Ömer SADAK, who made significant contributions to the study.

Peynir Altı Suyunun Manyetik Nanopartiküller (MNP'ler) ile Arıtımından Elde Edilen Çamurun Potansiyel Gıda veya Hayvan Yemi Olarak Kullanımı

Abstract

Süt sektörünün üretim atığı olan peynir altı suyu, çevresel kirlilik açısından önemli bir zorluk oluşturmakta, etkili ve sürdürülebilir bir çözüm gerektirmektedir. Bu araştırmada, Ardahan’daki yerel peynir üreticilerinden temin edilen peynir altı suyunun çevresel etkisini azaltmak için manyetik nanopartiküller (MNP'ler) kullanılarak arıtımından elde edilen protein çamurunun gıda ve yem endüstrilerinde potansiyel kullanımı değerlendirilmiştir. MNP’nin geri kazanımı için adsorbsiyon-desorpsiyon döngüleri 10 defa tekrarlanmış ve sonrasında başta katılan MNP miktarı ile geri kazanılan kıyaslanmıştır. Devamında ayrıştırılan protein çamurunda Kjeldahl yöntemiyle toplam protein tayini yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler, MNP'lerin %85 geri kazanım oranını göstermiş olup çamurda %15 MNP kaldığı görülmektedir. Fe3O4'ten (Demir 2-3 oksit) oluşan geriye kalan %15, insan veya hayvan tüketimi için potansiyel olarak zararlı bulunarak gıda veya yem katkı maddesi kullanımına uygun olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu nedenle, %100 MNP geri kazanımının sağlanması önem kazanmaktadır. Fe3O4'ün bitki ve hayvan beslenmesi için uygunluğuna dair bazı araştırmalar olsa da çoğu çalışma, bizim araştırmamızdaki gibi kimyasal kaynaklar yerine doğal demir kaynaklarına odaklanmaktadır. Ayrıca, insan tüketimi için uygunluğu inceleyen araştırmalar sınırlıdır. Bu nedenle, çamurun bir protein kaynağı olarak kullanılabilmesi için gelecekteki araştırmaların, tam bir MNP geri kazanım yöntemi geliştirmeye odaklanması önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Manyetik Nanopartikül, peynir altı suyu, arıtma, protein kaynağı

Ethical Statement

Etik kurul raporu gerektiren bir çalışma yapılmamıştır.

Supporting Institution

Ardahan Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü

Project Number

2020–008

Thanks

Çalışmaya önemli katkılar sunan Dr. Ömer SADAK' a şükranlarımızı sunarız.

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