Ardahan Yöresindeki Propolislerin Kalite Kriterlerinin İncelenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 125 - 133, 31.12.2025

Sinan Aydın , Rövşen Guliyev

https://doi.org/10.63063/jsat.1839157

Abstract

Ardahan bölgesinin zengin flora ve faunası, Kafkas bal arısı (Apis mellifera caucasica) için doğal bir yaşam alanı ve gen havuzu oluşturması ve bu alt türün diğer bal arılarına kıyasla propolis toplama eğiliminin daha yüksek olması, Ardahan propolisinin kimyasal ve fiziksel özellikleri açısından kalite kriterlerinin araştırılmasını önemli kılmaktadır. Ardahan bölgesindeki Kafkas bal arısı yetiştiricilerinden temin edilen propolis örnekleri; fenolik bileşenler, toplam flavonoid içeriği, toplam fenolik madde miktarı, balsamik içerik ve antioksidan aktivite açısından analiz edilmiştir. Altı propolis ekstraktında t-sinnamik asit, ferulik asit, kuersetin, krisin, kafeik asit fenetil esteri, p-kumarik asit ve pinosembrin tespit edilirken; luteolin A1 ve A2 lokasyonlarından alınan örneklerde, apigenin ise A4, A5 ve A6 lokasyonlarından alınan örneklerde belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada analiz edilen propolis örneklerinde bazı fenolik bileşiklerin tespit edilememesi, bu bileşiklerin propolisin genel bileşiminde tamamen bulunmadığı anlamına gelmemektedir. Bazı fenolik bileşiklerin suda çözünür olması nedeniyle, ekstraksiyon sırasında etanol fazına tam olarak geçmemiş olmaları olasıdır. Ardahan ili gibi nispeten sınırlı bir coğrafi alandan toplanan propolis örneklerinin bileşimi ve antioksidan özellikleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Pinosembrin, Ardahan bölgesinden elde edilen propolislerde başlıca fenolik bileşiklerden biri olarak belirlenmiş olup, bu propolislerin aynı zamanda kafeik asit fenetil esteri, krisin ve ferulik asit bakımından zengin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Propolis , flavonoid madde miktarı , fenolik madde miktarı

Thanks

Bu çalışma, Sinan Aydın'ın Türkiye, Ardahan Üniversitesi Biyoteknoloji Bölümü'nde tamamladığı yüksek lisans tezinden türetilmiştir.

Investigation of Quality Criteria for Propolis from the Ardahan Region

Abstract

The rich flora and fauna of the Ardahan region, its role as a natural habitat and gene pool for the Caucasian honey bee (Apis mellifera caucasica), and the higher tendency of this subspecies to collect propolis compared to other honey bees make it important to investigate the quality criteria of Ardahan propolis in terms of its chemical and physical properties. Propolis samples collected from Caucasian honey bee producers in the Ardahan region were analyzed for phenolic components, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, balsamic content, and antioxidant activity. Six propolis extracts contained t-cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, chrysin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, p-coumaric acid, and pinosembrin, whereas luteolin was detected in samples from locations A1 and A2, and apigenin in samples from locations A4, A5, and A6. The absence of certain phenolic compounds in the propolis samples analyzed in this study does not necessarily indicate that these compounds are completely absent from the overall composition. Since some phenolic compounds are water-soluble, they may not have been fully transferred into the ethanolic phase during extraction. In this study, no significant differences were observed in the composition or antioxidant properties of propolis samples collected from Ardahan province, which represents a relatively limited geographical area. Pinosembrin was identified as one of the major phenolic compounds in propolis obtained from the Ardahan region, which was also found to be rich in caffeic acid phenethyl ester, chrysin, and ferulic acid.

Keywords

Propolis , flavonoid content , phenolic compound content

Thanks

This study is derived from the master’s thesis of Sinan Aydın, completed in the Department of Biotechnology at Ardahan University, Türkiye.

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