Afet Sonrası İnsani Yardım Lojistiğinde Stokastik Talepli Araç Rotalama Problemi için Çözüm Yöntemleri

Abstract

Afet yönetimi, afetlerin verdiği büyük yıkımların önlenebilmesinde önem taşımaktadır. Afet yönetimi, afet gerçekleşmeden önce, afet anında ve afet gerçekleştikten sonra alınan tedbirler olarak ana aşamalara ayrılmaktadır. Özellikle, afet sonrasında yapılan planlamaların en önemlilerinden biri afet sonrası insani yardım lojistiğidir. Bu kapsamda, insani yardım lojistiği, afetten etkilenen insanların gereksinimlerini giderebilmek için, afet gerçekleştikten sonra gerekecek olan doğru bilginin, temel gereksinimlerin, ekipmanların gereken zamanda, gereken yere ve gerekli kişilere temin etme sürecidir. Afet yönetimi lojistik süreçleri afet öncesi gerekli önlemlerin alınması, acil müdahale ve iyileştirme aşamalarından oluşmaktır. Afet yönetiminde lojistik süreçlerin temelinin oluşmasını sağlayan bu adımlar afetten etkilenenler için gereken ürünlerin lojistiğin bir temeli olarak da bilinen gereken zamanda, gereken yerde, gerekli miktarda, uygun koşullarda, en uygun maliyetle, gereken kişilere temin edilmesinde etkin bir rol almaktadır. Tüm bu önemli etkilerinden dolayı, bu çalışmada afet sonrasında insani yardım lojistiğinin doğru şekilde sağlanabilmesi için araç rotalama problemi ile ilgili karma tam sayılı matematiksel model ve k-ortalamalar ile karınca kolonisi optimizasyonunun kullanıldığı matematiksel modeller oluşturulmuştur. Bu modellerde talepler stokastik olarak gerçekleşmektedir ve araçlar tarafından kullanılabilir olan yol durumları senaryo bazlı olarak değişkenlik göstermektedir. Oluşturulan modeller, Hatay ilinin Defne ilçesinde afet sonrası yardım lojistiği alanında uygulamaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

• Afet Lojistiği
• Araç Rotalama
• İnsani Yardım Lojistiği

Solution Methods for Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Demand in Post-Disaster Humanitarian Logistics

Abstract

Disaster management plays a critical role in minimizing destruction caused by disasters and is typically divided into three stages: preparedness, response, and recovery. Among these, post-disaster humanitarian aid logistics is essential for effectively addressing the immediate needs of affected populations. This process involves delivering accurate information, basic necessities, and critical equipment to the right people, at the right time and place. The logistics components of disaster management include taking precautions before the disaster, providing rapid emergency response, and ensuring long-term recovery. These phases form the foundation of humanitarian logistics, ensuring the timely, efficient, and cost-effective distribution of aid under varying conditions. In this study, mathematical models were developed to optimize post-disaster humanitarian logistics using a mixed-integer programming model, k-means clustering, and ant colony optimization for solving the vehicle routing problem. The models incorporate stochastic demand and scenario-based road accessibility to reflect realistic post-disaster conditions. The proposed approach was applied to the Defne district of Hatay province, a region affected by a recent disaster. The results aim to improve the delivery of humanitarian aid by enhancing route planning and distribution efficiency under uncertainty, contributing to more effective disaster response and recovery operations.

Keywords

• Disaster logistics
• Vehicle routing
• Humanitarian logistics

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