KENEVİR ATIKLARININ KARBONİZASYONU VE AKTİF KARBON ELDESİ

Abstract

Bu çalışmada; bilimsel çalışmalarda kullanılmak üzere Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi bünyesinde yetiştirilen kenevir bitkisinin atık kısımları (kök, gövde ve diğer) değerlendirilmiştir. Kenevir atıklarından karbonizasyon ile kimyasal aktivasyon yöntemi kullanılarak aktif karbon elde edilmiş ve karakterizasyon deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. İlk olarak, kenevir atıklarının 100 ml/dk N2 gazı akışında, 1 saat süreyle, 500°C sıcaklıkta karbonizasyonu yapılmıştır. Karbonize edilmiş ürün, ağırlıkça farklı oranlarda (1:1, 1:2, 1:3 ve 1:4) KOH emdirilerek aktivasyon işlemi için hazırlanmıştır. Etüvde kurutulan ürünler daha sonra aktivasyona tabii tutulmuştur. Kimyasal aktivasyon işlemi 100 ml/dk N2 gazı akışında, 1 saat süreyle, 800°C’de gerçekleştirilmiştir. Daha sonra oda sıcaklığına soğutulan karışım fırından alınarak üzerine seyreltik HCl eklenerek, bir ısıtıcı yardımıyla ısıtma işlemi yapılmıştır. Soğuduktan sonra süzülerek, saf su ile klorür tepkimesi vermeyinceye kadar (AgNO3 testi ile) yıkanmıştır. Daha sonra etüve konarak, iyice kuruması sağlanmıştır. Etüvde kurutulan aktif karbon örneklerinin karakterizasyonunu belirlemek için elementel (C, H, N, S) analiz, XRD, FTIR ve SEM analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca, aktif karbonların BET azot adsorpsiyonu yüzey alanı ölçümü ile, yüzey alanı ve gözenekliliği belirlenmiştir. Karbonize edilmiş kenevir atığında toplam yüzey alanı (Stotal) 171,75 m2/g, mikrogözenek alanı (Smikro) 145,46 m2/g ve mezogözenek alanı (Smezo) 26,29 m2/g iken bu değerler 1:4 oranında KOH emdirilmiş aktif karbonda sırasıyla 1881,80 m2/g, 1152,40 m2/g ve 728,40 m2/g olarak hesaplanmıştır. Karbonize üründe 0,077 cm3/g olan gözenek hacmi, aktif karbonda 0,8852 cm3/g olarak belirlenmiştir. Karbonize ürün ve aktif karbonun ortalama gözenek çapları (dp) sırasıyla 1,78 nm ve 1,88 nm olarak belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Kenevir atığı
• Aktif karbon
• Karbonizasyon
• Kimyasal aktivasyon

Carbonization of Hemp Waste and Obtaining Activated Carbon

Abstract

In this research, waste parts (root, stem and other) of hemp grown in Malatya Turgut Özal University Faculty of Agriculture were evaluated. Activated carbon was obtained from hemp waste by using carbonization and chemical activation method and characterization experiments were carried out. Elemental (C, H, N, S) analysis, XRD, FTIR and SEM analyzes were performed to determine the characterization of the activated carbon samples. In addition, the surface area and porosity of activated carbons were determined by BET nitrogen adsorption surface area measurement. The total surface area (Stotal) of the carbonized hemp waste is 171.75 m2/g, the micropore area (Smicro) is 145.46 m2/g and the mesopore area (Smezo) is 26.29 m2/g. These values were calculated as 1881.80 m2/g, 1152.40 m2/g and 728.40 m2/g, respectively, inactivated carbon impregnated with KOH at a 1:4 ratio. The pore volume of 0.077 cm3/g in the carbonized product was determined as 0.8852 cm3/g in activated carbon. The average pore diameters (dp) of the carbonized product and activated carbon were determined as 1.78 nm and 1.88 nm, respectively. According to these results, it has been determined that it is possible to obtain activated carbon economically by carbonization and chemical activation of hemp waste.

Keywords

• Hemp waste
• Active carbon
• Carbonization
• Chemical activation

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