Cytogenetic Analysis of Alburnus escherichii (Teleostei: Leuciscidae) in Turkey

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2, 297 - 304, 30.04.2022

Zafer Alpaslan Atilla Arslan

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.876754

Öz

In this study, cytogenetic properties of A. escherichii were investigated using standard Giemsa staining, C-banding, and Ag-NOR staining techniques. The karyotype of Sakarya bleak, the diploid chromosome number was 2n = 50, consists of six pairs of metacentric, 12 pairs of submetacentric, and seven pairs of acrocentric autosomes (NF=86). No morphologically distinguishable heteromorphic sex chromosomes were detected in the karyotype. While most autosomes had centromeric and pericentromeric C-heterochromatin (some chromosomes slightly) blocks, the other autosomal pairs were C-negative. Also, the short arm of the eleventh submetacentric chromosome pair was entirely C-positive. The nucleolar organizer regions were localized in medium-sized submetacentric autosomal pairs. Active NORs associated with the C-heterochromatin were observed in the whole of the short arm of the eleventh chromosome pair, and their active NORs were homomorphic. The banded karyotypes of A. escherichii were reported in this study for the first time. Significant findings obtained in this research may contribute to cytotaxonomy of Alburnus species in Anatolian and Europe.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alburnus, Sakarya bleak, Chromosome, Karyotype, C-band

Türkiye’deki Alburnus escherichii’nin (Teleostei: Leuciscidae) Sitogenetik Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışmada A. escherichii'nin sitogenetik özellikleri, standart Giemsa boyama, C-bantlama ve Ag-NOR boyama teknikleri kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Diploid kromozom sayısı 2n = 50 olan Sakarya İnci balığının karyotipi altı çift metasentrik, 12 çift submetasentrik ve yedi çift akrosentrik otozomdan (NF = 86) oluşmaktadır. Karyotipte morfolojik olarak ayırt edilebilir heteromorfik cinsiyet kromozomu tespit edilmedi. Çoğu otozom, sentromerik ve perisentromerik C-heterokromatin (bazı kromozomlar hafif) bloklarına sahipken, diğer otozomal çiftler C-negatiftir. Ayrıca, on birinci submetasentrik kromozom çiftinin kısa kolu tamamen C-pozitifti. Nükleolar düzenleyici bölgeler, orta büyüklükte submetasentrik otozomal çiftler halinde lokalize idi. C-heterokromatin ile ilişkili aktif NOR'lar, on birinci kromozom çiftinin kısa kolunun tamamında gözlendi ve aktif NOR'lar homomorfikti. A. escherichii'nin bantlı karyotipleri ilk kez bu çalışmada rapor edilmiştir. Bu araştırmada elde edilen önemli bulgular, Anadolu ve Avrupa'daki Alburnus türlerinin sitotaksonomisine katkı sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alburnus, Sakarya İnci balığı, Kromozom, Karyotip, C-bantlama

Kaynakça

• Arkhipchuk VV 1999. Chromosome database. Database of Dr. Victor Arkhipchuk. (http://www.fishbase.org, Accessed: 1999).
• Arslan A, Gündoğdu H 2016. Cytogenetic Studies on the Endemic Beyşehir Nase, Chondrostoma beysehirense (Bogutskaya, 1997) in Turkey. Caryologia 69(2): 116-120.
• Ayata MK, Yüksel E, Gaffaroğlu M 2016. Cytogenetic Studies on Six Species of the Leuciscine Genus Pseudophoxinus Bleeker, 1860 (Teleostei, Cyprinidae). Caryologia 69(3): 215-222.
• Ayata MK (2020). Comparative Cytogenetics of Two Squalius Bonaparte, 1837 Species (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science 44(2), 355-360.
• Bayçelebi E, Turan D, Kaya C, Freyhof J 2020. Alburnus nasreddini, A Synonym of A. escherichii (Teleostei: Leuciscidae). Zootaxa 4894(1): 123-132.
• Bektaş Y, Aksu I, Kaya C, Bayçelebi E, Küçük F, Turan D 2020. Molecular Systematics and Phylogeography of the Genus Alburnus Rafinesque, 1820 (Teleostei, Leuciscidae) in Turkey. Mitochondrial DNA Part A 31(7): 273-284.
• Bertollo LAC, Cioffi MB, Moreira-Filho O (2015) Direct chromosome preparation from freshwater teleost fishes. In: Ozouf-Costaz C, Pisano E, Foresti F, Toledo LFA (eds.) Fish cytogenetic techniques, ray-fin fishes and chondrichthyans, Boca Raton, CRC Press, pp 21-26.
• Bianco PG, Aprea G, Balletto E, Capriglione T, Fulgione D, Odierna G 2004. The Karyology of the Cyprinid Genera Scardinius and Rutilus in Southern Europe. Ichthyological Research 51: 274-278.
• Boron A 2001. Comparative Chromosomal Studies on Two Minnow Fish, Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Eupallasella perenurus (Pallas, 1814); an Associated Cytogenetic-Taxonomic Considerations. Genetica 111: 387-395.
• Boron A, Porycka K, Ito D, Abe S, Kirtiklis L 2009. Comparative Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis of Three Leuciscus Species (Pisces, Cyprinidae) Using Chromosome Banding and FISH with rDNA. Genetica 135: 199-207.
• Cataudella S, Sola L, Muratori RA, Capanna E 1977. The Chromosomes of 11 Species of Cyprinidae and One Cobitidae From Italy, with Some Remarks on the Problem of Polyploidy in The Cypriniformes. Genetica 7(3): 161-171.
• Çiçek E, Fricke R, Sungur S, Eagder S 2018. Endemic Freshwater Fishes of Turkey. FishTaxa 3(4): 1-39.
• Çiçek E, Sungur S, Fricke R 2020. Freshwater Lampreys and Fishes of Turkey; A Revised and Updated Annotated Checklist 2020. Zootaxa 4809(2): 241-270.
• Doori ASJ 2019. Ilgın (Çavuşçu) Gölü’ndeki Endemik Akşehir Tatlısu Kefali, Squalius recurvirostris (Pisces, Cyprinidae)’in Sitogenetik Analizi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 59 sy.
• Ergene S, Karahan A, Kuru M 2010. Cytogenetic Analysis of Pseudophoxinus antalyae, Bogustkaya, 1992 (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from the Eastern Mediterranean River Basin, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 34: 111-117.
• Eschmeyer WN, Fricke R, Van der Laan R 2016. Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. http:// researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp.
• Fontana F, Chiarelli B, Rossi AC 1970. Il Cariotipo di Alcune Specie di Cyprinidae, Centrarchidae, Characidae Studiate Mediante Colture «In Vitro». Caryologia 23(4): 549-564.
• Gold J, Amemiya C, Ellison J 1986. Chromosomal Heterochromatin Differentiation in North American Cyprinid Fishes. Cytologia 51: 557-566.
• Gül S, Çolak A, Sezgin İ 2000. Gümüş Balığı’nda (Chalcalburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 ) Karyotip Analizi. Turkish Journal of Biology 24: 657-662.
• Gül S, Çolak A, Sezgin I, Kaloglu B 2003. Van Gölüne Endemik Olan İnci Kefali (Chalcalburnus tarichi PALLAS 1811) Kromozomlarının C, G ve Restriksiyon Endonükleazlar (Alu I, Nhe I, Hae III, Mbo I, Hinf I) ile Bantlanması. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences 27: 1293-1298.
• Gül S, Çolak A, Sezgin I, Kaloğlu B 2004. Karyotype Analysis in Alburnus heckeli (Battalgil, 1943) from Lake Hazer. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 28: 309-314.
• Gül S, Nur G, Baysal A 2006. Karyotype Analysis of Alburnus filippii. Indian Veterinary Journal 83: 102-103.
• Gülle İ, Küçük F, Güçlü SS 2017. Re-description and New Distribution Area of an Endemic Anatolian Fish Species, Alburnus nasreddini Battalgil, 1944. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 17(5): 863-869.
• Hafez R, Labat R, Quiller R 1978. Aneuploidie Observee Chez Les Populations De Gardons (Rutilus rutilus L.) Et D’ablettes (Alburnus alburnus L.) De La Region Midi-Pyrenees. Bull Soc Nat Toulouse 114(1-2): 85-92.
• Hafez R, Labat R, Quiller R 1981. Reserches Sur Les Chromosomes Supernumeraires De L’ablette (Alburnus alburnus L.). Cybium 5: 81-87.
• Howell WM, Black DA 1980. Controlled Silver-staining of Nucleolus Organizer Regions with a Protective Colloidal Developer: A 1-step Method. Experientia 36: 1014-1015.
• Khosravanizadeh A, Pourkazemi M, Nowruz Fashkhami M 2011. Karyology Study on Bleak (Alburnus alburnus) from The South Caspian Sea Region. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 9(1): 27-36.
• Klinkhardt M, Tesche M, Greven H 1995. Databaseof Fish Chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften. www.fishbase.org.
• Levan A, Fredga K, Sandberg AA 1964. Nomenclature for Centromeric Position on Chromosomes. Hereditas 52(2): 201-220.
• Libertini A, Sola L, Rampin M, Rossi AR, Iijima K, Ueda T 2008. Classical and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of Allochthonous European Bitterling Rhodeus amarus (Cyprinidae, Acheilognathinae) from Northern Italy. Genes & Genetic Systems 83: 417-422.
• Mangıt F, Yerli SV 2018. Systematic Evaluation of the Genus Alburnus (Cyprinidae) with Description of A New Species. Hydrobiologia 807: 297-312.
• Nazari S, Pourkazemi M, Rebelo Porto R 2009. Comparative Karyotype Analysis of Two Iranian Cyprinids, Alburnoides bipunctatus and Alburnus filippii (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae). Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 5(2): 23-32.
• Ocalewicz K, Jankun M, Boron A 2004. Karyotypic Characterization of Bream, Abramis brama (Pisces, Cyprinidae). Folia Zoologica 53(3): 329-334.
• Pereira C, Neto A, Collares-Pereira MJ 2009. Cytogenetic Survey of Species of Two Distinct Genera of Iberian Nases (Cyprinidae, Leuciscinae) that Hybridize Extensively in Nature. I. Evidence of a Similar and Conserved Chromosome Pattern with Some Few Species-specific Markers at Macro-structural Level. Genetica 137: 285-291.
• Ráb P, Collares-Pereira M 1995. Chromosomes of European Cyprinid Fishes (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes). Folia Zoologica 44: 193-214.
• Ráb P, Karakousis Y, Rábová M, Economidis PS 1996. Banded Karyotype of the Cyprinid Fish Leuciscus borysthenicus. Ichthyological Research 43(4): 463-468.
• Ráb P, Rábová M, Pereira CS, Collares-Pereira MJ, Pelikánová Š 2008. Chromosome Studies of European Cyprinid Fishes: Interspecific Homology of Leuciscine Cytotaxonomic Marker—the Largest Subtelocentric Chromosome Pair As Revealed by Cross-species Painting. Chromosome Research 16: 863-873.
• Ráb P, Roth P, Arefjev V 1990. Chromosome Studies of European Leuciscine Fishes (Pisces Cyprinidae). Karyotype of Aspius aspius. Caryologia 43(3-4): 249-255.
• Rábová M, Ráb P, Ozouf-Costaz C, Ene C, Wanzeböck J 2003. Comparative Cytogenetics and Chromosomal Characteristics of Ribosomal DNA in the Fish Genus Vimba (Cyprinidae). Genetica 118: 83-91.
• Ren X, Cui J, Yu Q 1992. Chromosomal Heterochromatin Differentiation of Cyprinid Fishes. Genetica 87: 47-51.
• Rossi AR, Milana V, Hett AK, Tancioni L 2012. Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis of the Appenine Endemic Cyprinid Fish Squalius lucumonis and Three Other Italian Leuciscines Using Chromosome Banding and FISH with rDNA Probes. Genetica 140: 469-476.
• Schmid M, Ziegler C, Steinlein C, Nanda I, Schartl M 2006. Cytogenetics of The Bleak (Alburnus alburnus), with Special Emphasis on the B chromosomes. Chromosome Research 14: 231-242.
• Simovic, SZ, Markovic GS, Simonovic PD 1994. New Data of the Chromosome Complements of the Five Species of Family Cyprinidae. p. 62. In Abstract VIII Congress of Societatis Europaea Ichthyologorum "Fishes and their Environment", Oviedo, Spain.
• Sofradzija A, Berberovic L, Hadziselimovic R 1979. Chromosome complements of Alburnus alburnus (L. 1758) and Alburnus bipunctatus (Bloch. 1782), Cyprinidae, Pisces. Ichthyologia 11(1): 33-41.
• Sumner A 1972. A Simple Technique for Demonstrating Centromeric Heterochromatin. Experimental Cell Research 75: 304-306.
• Ünal S 2011. Squalius anatolicus (Bogutskaya, 1997) (Pisces, Cyprinidae)‟un Sitogenetik Analizi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 47 sy.
• Ünal S, Gaffaroğlu M 2016. Karyology of Six Cyprinid Fishes from Seyhan and Ceyhan Rivers in Anatolia. Caryologia 69(4): 362-369.
• Ünal S, Gaffaroğlu M, Ayata MK, Yüksel E 2014. Karyotype, C-banding and AgNORs of Two Endemic Leuciscine Fish, Pseudophoxinus crassus (Ladiges, 1960) and P. hittitorum Freyhof & Özulug, 2010 (Teleostei, Cyprinidae). Comparative Cytogenetics 8(4): 249-257.
• Vasil'yev V 1980. Chromosome Numbers in Fish-like Vertebrates and Fish. Journal of Ichthyology 20(3): 1-38. Vasil'yev V 1985. Evolutionary Karyology of Fishes. Moscow: Nauka Press.
• Vujosevic M, Zivkovic S, Rimsa D, Jurisic S, Cakic P 1983. The Chromosomes of 9 Fish Species from Dunav Basin in Yugoslavia. Ichthyologia 15(2): 29-40.
• Yüksel E, Gaffaroğlu M 2008. The Analysis of Nucleolar Organizer Regions in Chalcalburnus mossulensis (Pisces: Cyprinidae). Journal of FisheriesSciences.com 2(3): 587-591.
• Zaleśna A, Florek M, Rybacki M, Ogielska M 2017. Variability of NOR Patterns in European Water Frogs of Different Genome Composition and Ploidy Level. Comparative Cytogenetics 11(2): 249-266.
• Ziegler C, Lamatsch D, Steinlein C, Engel W, Schartl M, Schmid M 2003. The Giant B Chromosome of the Cyprinid Fish Alburnus alburnus Harbours A Retrotransposon-derived Repetitive DNA Sequence. Chromosome Research 11: 23-35.