Seed and Fruit Fatty Acid Compositions of Crambe orientalis and Crambe tataria Oils Collected from Three Different Provinces in Turkey

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 25 Sayı: Ek Sayı 2, 452 - 461, 30.12.2022

Muzaffer Barut Leyla Tansı Emel Dıraz Şengül Karaman

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1004020

Öz

Crambe is an annual or perennial plant belonging to the Brassicaceae family. The interest in Crambe is mainly due to its unique fatty acid profile, low input management, and broad adaptability to the environment. Thus, Crambe seed and fruit fatty acids were investigated by GC / MS in order to examine the chemical variability which correlates with the environmental variability. In the study, Crambe orientalis var. orientalis and Crambe tataria var. tataria were used and they were collected from the different areas of three provinces of Türkiye. Fifteen compounds were found, representing 84.6-100% of the total seed and fruit oils. The major components in both species were erucic acid (24.7-44.7%), gondoic acid (19.0-28.3%), oleic acid (14.9-28.5%), and linoleic acid (8.1-17.6%). As a consequence, it is needed to increase the production of erucic acid (C22:1) and gondoic acid (C20:1) in Crambe by using wild populations via plant breeding. These two promising fatty acids may be an alternative to meet industrial fatty acid market demand in a more environmentally friendly way compared to using fatty acids from fossil oil.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Crambe, Wild species, Fatty acids, Erucic acid, Gondoic acid

Teşekkür

Thanks are given to Prof. Dr. Ahmet İlçim for his helpful taxonomical identification of the plant material.

Türkiye'de Üç Farklı İlden Toplanan Crambe orientalis ve Crambe tataria Tohum ve Meyvelerinin Yağ Asidi Kompozisyonu

Öz

Crambe, Brassicaceae familyasına ait tek yıllık veya çok yıllık bir bitkidir. Crambe'ye olan ilgi, temel olarak benzersiz yağ asidi profili, düşük girdi yönetimi ve çevreye geniş ölçüde uyum sağlama yeteneğinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu nedenle, çevresel değişkenlik ile ilişkili olan kimyasal değişkenliği incelemek için Crambe tohumlarının ve meyvelerinin yağ asidi bileşenleri GC/MS ile araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada Crambe orientalis var. orientalis ve Crambe tataria var. tataria kullanılmış ve Türkiye'nin üç ilinin farklı bölgelerinden toplanmıştır. Toplam tohum ve meyve yağlarının %84.6-100'ünü temsil eden on beş bileşen saptanmıştır. Her iki türdeki lokasyona göre ana bileşenler erusik asit (%24.7-44.7), gondoik asit (%19.0-28.3), oleik asit (%14.9-28.5) ve linoleik asit (%8.1-17.6) olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak Crambe'de yabani populasyonlar kullanılarak erusik asit (C22:1) ve gondoik asit (C20:1) üretiminin bitki ıslahı yoluyla artırılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır ve bu iki ümitvar yağ asidi, fosil yağlardan elde edilen yağ asitlerinin kullanılmasına kıyasla daha çevre dostu bir şekilde piyasanın talebi olan endüstriyel yağları karşılamak için bir alternatif olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Crambe, Yabani türler, Yağ asitleri, Erusik asit, Gondoik asit

Kaynakça

• Adamsen FJ, Coffelt TA 2005. Planting date effects on flowering, seed yield, and oil content of rape and crambe cultivars. Industrial Crops and Products 21(3): 293-307.
• Arslan Y, Subaşı İ, Keyvanoğlu H 2015. Crambe (Crambe hispanica subsp. abyssinica) Genotiplerinin Bazı Bitkisel Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 24 (1): 16-23.
• Ayaz FA, Glew RH, Millson M, Huang HS, Chuang LT, Sanz C, Hayırlıoglu-Ayaz S 2006. Nutrient contents of kale (Brassica oleraceae L. var. acephala DC.). Food Chemistry 96(4): 572-579.
• Bondioli P, Folegatti L, Lazzeri L, Palmieri S 1998. Native Crambe abyssinica oil and its derivatives as renewable lubricants: an approach to improve its quality by chemical and biotechnological processes. Industrial Crops and products 7: 231-238.
• Comlekcioglu N, Karaman S, Ilcim A 2008. Oil composition and some morphological characters of Crambe orientalis var. orientalis and Crambe tataria var. tataria from Turkey. Natural Product Research 22: 525-532.
• Costa E, Almeida MF, Alvim-Ferraz C, Dias JM 2019. The cycle of biodiesel production from Crambe abyssinica in Portugal. Industrial Crops and Products 129: 51-58.
• Davis PH, Miller RR, Tan K 1965. Flora of Turkey and the Aegean Islands. Vol. 1-9.
• Dolya VS, Shkurupii EN, Kaminskii NA, Magerya ED 1977. Oils of the seeds of nine species of the genus Crambe. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 13: 14-16.
• Falasca SL, Flores N, Lamas MC, Carballo SM, Anschau A 2010. Crambe abyssinica: An almost unknown crop with a promissory future to produce biodiesel in Argentina. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 35: 5808-5812.
• Fontana F, Lazzeri L, Malaguti L, Galletti S 1998. Agronomic characterization of some Crambe abyssinica genotypes in a locality of the Po Valley. European Journal of Agronomy 9: 117-126.
• Genesys 2021. Genesys Global Portal on Plant Genetic Resources. www.genesys-pgr.org. (Accessed 05.09.2021).
• Glaser LK 1996. Crambe: an economic assessment of the feasibility of providing multiple-peril crop insurance. Washington, DC: Economic Research Service for the Risk Management Agency.
• Google Earth Pro 7.3.4.8248. 2021. Turkey. Borders and labels; places layers. http://www.google.com/earth/index.html. (Accessed 15.09.2021).
• Hebard A 2016. Successful commercialization of industrial oil crops. In Industrial Oil Crops, AOCS Press 343-358.
• Kikukawa H, Sakuradani E, Nishibaba Y, Okuda T, Ando A, Shima J, Shimizu S, Ogawa J 2015. Production of cis‐11‐eicosenoic acid by Mortierella fungi. Journal of Applied Microbiology 118(3): 641-647.
• Köybaşı Ö, Tansı LS 2008. Çukurova Koşullarında Bazı Crambe Türlerinin Verim ve Yağ Oranlarının Saptanması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bil Enstitüsü Tarla Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 69 sy.
• Mastebroek HD, Wallenburg SC, Van Soest LJ 1994. Variation for agronomic characteristics in Crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst. ex Fries). Industrial Crops and Products 2: 129-136.
• Mattos C, Andrade J, NL TM, da Cunha Veloso MC, Folly ED (2021). Acaricidal Properties of Bio-Oil Derived from Slow Pyrolysis of Crambe abyssinica Fruit Against the Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Frontiers in Physiology 12: 768522-768522.
• Miller RW, Earle FR, Wolff IA, Jones Q 1965. Search for new industrial oils. XIII. Oils from 102 species of Cruciferae. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 42: 817-821.
• Morimoto K, Tojima H, Haruta T, Suzuki M, Kakemi M 1996. Enhancing effects of unsaturated fatty acids with various structures on the permeation of indomethacin through rat skin. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 48(11): 1133-1137.
• Mridula D, Barnwal P, Singh KK 2015. Screw pressing performance of whole and dehulled flaxseed and some physico-chemical characteristics of flaxseed oil. Journal of Food Science and Technology 52(3): 1498-1506.
• Nelson LA, Grombacher A, Baltensperger DD 1993. G93-1126 Crambe Production.
• Oliveira L, Da Silva MJRE, Journal PQ 2013. Comparative study of calorific value of rapeseed, soybean, jatropha curcas and Crambe biodiesel. Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 1: 679-682.
• Oplinger ES, Oelke EA, Kaminski AR, Putnam DH, Teynor TM, Doll JD, Kelling KA, Durgan BR, Noetzel DM 1991. Crambe: alternative field crops manual. University of Wisconsin and University of Minnesota. St. Paul, MN. 55108.
• Qi W, Tinnenbroek‐Capel IE, Salentijn EM, Zhang Z, Huang B, Cheng J, Shao H, Visser RG, Krens FA, Van Loo EN 2018. Genetically engineering Crambe abyssinica-A potentially high‐value oil crop for salt land improvement. Land Degradation & Development 29(4): 1096-1106.
• Rogério F, da Silva TR, dos Santos JI, Poletine JP 2013. Phosphorus fertilization influences grain yield and oil content in Crambe. Industrial Crops and Products 41: 266-268.
• Rudloff E, Wang Y 2011. Crambe. In: Wild crop relatives: Genomic and breeding resources. Springer 97-116.
• Stefanoudaki E, Kotsifaki F, Koutsaftakis A. 1999. Classification of virgin olive oils of the two major Cretan cultivars based on their fatty acid composition. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 76(5): 623-626.
• Subasi I 2020. Seed fatty acid compositions and chemotaxonomy of wild Crambe (Brassicaceae) taxa in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture Forestry 44: 662-670.
• Tansı S, Yaniv Z, Kahraman SJPNT-S 2003. Çukurova Koşullarında Crambe spp’nin Kültürü Olanakları ile Kalitesinin Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma. 63.
• Warwick SI, Gugel RKJGR, Evolution C 2003. Genetic variation in the Crambe abyssinica-C. hispanica-C. glabrata complex. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 50: 291-305.
• Wazilewski WT, Bariccatti RA, Martins GI, Secco D, de Souza SN, Rosa HA, Chaves LI 2013. Study of the methyl Crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) and soybean biodiesel oxidative stability. Industrial Crops and Products 43: 207-212.
• Yaniv Z, Elber Y, Zur M, Schafferman D 1991. Differences in fatty acid composition of oils of wild Cruciferae seed. Phytochemistry 30: 841-843.
• Yaniv Z, Shabelsky E, Schafferman D, Granot I, Kipnis T 1998. Oil and fatty acid changes in Sinapis and Crambe seeds during germination and early development. Industrial Crops and Products 9: 1-8.