Effect of Particulate Matter and Greenhouse Gases on Immune System

İbrahim Halil Damar

doi:10.18521/ktd.1583380

Effect of Particulate Matter and Greenhouse Gases on Immune System

Abstract

Air pollutants cause 7 million deaths and disabilities worldwide each year. Mostly, the negative effects of air pollution on health occur by disrupting the functioning of immune system cells. Particulate matter and greenhouse gases (CO, O3, SO2, volatile organic compounds, NOx) which enter the body especially through inhalation, stimulate the immune system by causing damage to the respiratory tract mucosal defense barrier. Subsequently, the innate and/or adaptive immune system responds to the foreign agent that causes the disease through macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes and granulocytes. Increased infiltration of immune system cells into the tissue, cytokine release, inflammation and oxidative stress cause many chronic diseases, especially immune system functioning, respiratory, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Considering the negative effects of air pollutants on body health through the immune system, it can be said that developing new treatment strategies centered on the immune system to minimize these negative effects may offer a more effective option. This review aims to promote the development of effective treatment strategies by examining the relationship between air pollutants and the immune system.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Health Services and Systems (Other)

Journal Section

Review

Authors

İbrahim Halil Damar ^*
0000-0001-6420-0122
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 26, 2026

Submission Date

November 12, 2024

Acceptance Date

June 5, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 18 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.1583380

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA33KL68ZP

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Damar, İ. H. (2026). Effect of Particulate Matter and Greenhouse Gases on Immune System. Konuralp Medical Journal, 18(2), 175-179. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.1583380

AMA

1.Damar İH. Effect of Particulate Matter and Greenhouse Gases on Immune System. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2026;18(2):175-179. doi:10.18521/ktd.1583380

Chicago

Damar, İbrahim Halil. 2026. “Effect of Particulate Matter and Greenhouse Gases on Immune System”. Konuralp Medical Journal 18 (2): 175-79. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.1583380.

EndNote

Damar İH (June 1, 2026) Effect of Particulate Matter and Greenhouse Gases on Immune System. Konuralp Medical Journal 18 2 175–179.

IEEE

[1]İ. H. Damar, “Effect of Particulate Matter and Greenhouse Gases on Immune System”, Konuralp Medical Journal, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 175–179, June 2026, doi: 10.18521/ktd.1583380.

ISNAD

Damar, İbrahim Halil. “Effect of Particulate Matter and Greenhouse Gases on Immune System”. Konuralp Medical Journal 18/2 (June 1, 2026): 175-179. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.1583380.

JAMA

1.Damar İH. Effect of Particulate Matter and Greenhouse Gases on Immune System. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2026;18:175–179.

MLA

Damar, İbrahim Halil. “Effect of Particulate Matter and Greenhouse Gases on Immune System”. Konuralp Medical Journal, vol. 18, no. 2, June 2026, pp. 175-9, doi:10.18521/ktd.1583380.

Vancouver

1.İbrahim Halil Damar. Effect of Particulate Matter and Greenhouse Gases on Immune System. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2026 Jun. 1;18(2):175-9. doi:10.18521/ktd.1583380