Onkolojik Palyatif Bakım Servisi’nde Yatan Hastaların Bakımını Üstlenen Bireylerin Algılanan Stres Düzeyleri ve Strese Etki Eden Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Dünya Sağlık Örgütü palyatif bakım ile hastaların fiziksel şikayetlerine yönelik destek tedavilerinin yanında psikososyal ve manevi sorunlarının giderilmesi, aynı zamanda ailenin ve bakım verenlerin de desteklenmesini hedefler. Palyatif bakım hastalarına bakım verenlerde, strese uzun süre maruz kaldıklarından çeşitli sağlık sorunları, işlev kayıpları gelişmekte ve hayat kaliteleri de olumsuz yönde etkilenmektedir. Çalışmadaki amacımız Palyatif Bakım Servisi’nde yatan hastaların bakımını üstlenen bireylerin stres algılarını ölçmek, stres düzeyini etkileyebilecek sosyo-kültürel ve sağlığa yönelik özelliklerini ortaya çıkarmaktır.

Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı, kesitsel bir anket çalışmasıdır. Araştırmanın evreni 1 Şubat 2019 ile 1 Mayıs 2019 tarihleri arasında Palyatif Bakım Servisi’nde yatan hastaların bakımlarını üstlenen bireylerdir. Katılımcılara; kişinin sosyo-kültürel özelliklerini, sağlık durumlarını, bakımını üstlendiği hastanın hastalık geçmişine yönelik soruları içeren anket formu uygulanmıştır.  Ayrıca, katılımcılara stres düzeylerini ölçen ‘Algılanan Stres Ölçeği-10’ da uygulanmıştır.

Bulgular: Katılımcıların %61.25’i kadın, %38,75’i erkekti. Bakıcı bireylerin %41,25’ini hastaların eşi ve çocukları oluşturmaktaydı. Hastalarının şimdiye kadar toplamda hastane yatışı günü 21±6,74 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hastasına daha önce evde veya hastane dışı bir ortamda bakanların oranının %21 olduğu, bu süreçte karşılaştıkları en önemli sorunlar ise; hasta bakımına ilişkin sorunlar, hastalığa ait şikayetler ve tükenmişlik olduğu saptanmıştır. Hasta bakıcı bireylerde en sık görülen kronik hastalıklar; diyabet (%13,20), hipertansiyon (%12.26), depresyon (%10,37) olarak belirlenmiştir. Kronik hastalıklarının kontrol altında olduğunu düşünen bireylerin oranı %55.8’di. Algılanan Stres Ölçeği ortalama puanı 21,09±6,74 idi.

Sonuç: Palyatif bakım servisinde yatan hastaların bakımını üstlenenler, bakım süreçlerinde birçok sorunla karşılaştıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Hasta bakımında rol alan bireylerde depresyon tanısının normal popülasyondan daha fazla olduğu saptanmıştır. Hasta bakımını üstlenen bireylere psikososyal destek verilmesinin gerekliliği görülmektedir.

Keywords

• bakıcılar,palyatif bakım,stres,psikolojik

Determination of Perceived Stress Levels of Caregivers of Inpatients in Oncologic Palliative Care Service and Factors Affecting Stress: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Objective: The World Health Organization aims to support the psychosocial problems of the palliative care patient and the treatment of his physical complaints, as well as to support his family and caregivers. Since the caregivers of palliative patients are exposed to stress for a long time, various health problems and functional losses develop, and their quality of life is adversely affected. The aim is to measure the perception of stress of caregivers in Palliative Care Service (PCS) and to reveal socio-cultural and health-related characteristics.

Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The population of study was caregivers of patients in the PCS between 1 February 2019 and 1 May 2019. A questionnaire including questions about their health status, their patients’ history,  socio-cultural and demographic characteristics was applied. Also, Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) measures perceived stress levels was applied.

Results: 61.25% of the participants were female and 38.75% were male. 41.25% of the caregivers consisted of the spouses and children of the patients. It was determined that the mean of hospitalization day of the patients was 21±6.74 . The rate of care at home or in an out-of-hospital setting were 21%. The most important problems faced were; problems related to patient care, complaints and burnout. The most common chronic diseases in caregivers were; diabetes (13.20%), hypertension (12.26%), depression (10.37%). The rate of thought that their chronic diseases were under control was 55.8%. The mean score of the PSS-10 was 21.09±6.74 .

Conclusion: The caregivers of patients in the palliative care service stated that they faced many problems in the care process. The diagnosis of depression was found to be higher in participants taking part in patient care than the normal population. Psychosocial support should be given to the caregivers.

Keywords

• caregivers,palliative care,stress,psychological

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