The Risk Factors Affecting Length of Stay and Mortality in Covid 19 Patients: Laboratory Parameters, Comorbidities, and Demographic Characteristics

Abstract

Objective: Covid 19 can cause fatal pneumonia and serious complications. In the course of the disease the levels of different biochemical parameters increased and these parameters provide important information about the prognosis of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between biochemical parameters and length of stay and mortality in Covid 19 patients. Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 767 Covid 19 patients hospitalized in our hospital were included. The demographic characteristics, length of stay, comorbid diseases and biochemical parameters of the patients were scanned from the hospital's database and patient files and recorded. Patients were grouped according to the length of stay; 1st Group: 7 days and less, 2ndGroup: 8-10 days, 3rdGroup: 11-13 days, and 4thGroup: 14 days and more. Results: The mean CRP level was significantly higher in group 4 compared to group 1 (p = 0.002). The mean levels of LDH, PRO_BNP, and procalcitonin were significantly higher in group 4 compared to group 1 and group 2 (p <0.001, p = 0.026, p = 0.007, respectively). The mean level of fibrinogen was significantly higher in group 4 compared to group 2 (p = 0.011). Presence of DM and HT as comorbidities (p = 0.022, p = 0.006) and high levels of LDH and ferritin (p <0.001, p = 0.041) significantly increased the risk of death. Conclusions: The results of our study show that positive correlation between the levels of CRP, LDH, PCT, PROBNP, and fibrinogen the prolongation of hospitalization in Covid 19 patients and these parameters can be associated with the severity disease. These results show that increased levels of LDH and ferritin, age, prolongation of hospitalization, and the presence of HT and DM increase mortality rate and can be specific parameters in terms of prognosis.

Keywords

• CRP
• COVID-19
• Laboratory tests
• Mortality
• Comorbidity diseases

Covid 19 Hastalarında Kalış Süresini ve Mortaliteyi Etkileyen Risk Faktörleri: Laboratuvar Parametreleri, Komorbiditeler ve Demografik Özellikler

Abstract

Amaç: Covid 19, ölümcül pnömoniye ve ciddi komplikasyonlara neden olabilen güncel pandemik hastalıktır. Hastalığın farklı evrelerinde farklı biyokimyasal parametrelerin düzeyinde artış görülmekte ve bu parametreler hastalığın seyri konusunda önemli bilgiler vermektedir. Bu çalışmada, Covid 19 hastalarındaki yatış süresi ve mortalite oranı ile biyokimyasal parametreler arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve Metot: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya, hastanemizde yatan toplam767 Covid 19 hastası dahil edildi. Hastanenin veri tabanı ve hasta dosyaları incelenerek hastaların demografik özellikleri, yatış süreleri, ek hastalıları ve biyokimyasal parametreler taranarak kaydedildi. Hastalar yatış gününe göre, 1. Grup: 7 gün ve altı, 2. Grup: 8-10 gün arası 3. Grup: 11-13 gün arası, 4. Grup: 14 gün ve üzeri olmak üzere toplam 4 gruba ayrıldı. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, laboratuvar bulguları, ek hastalıkları ve mortalite oranları bu gruplara göre düzenlenerek istatiksel analiz yapıldı. Bulgular: Hastaların 459 (60%)’u erkek 308 (40%)’i kadındı. Grup 4 hastalarındaki CRP düzeyi, grup 1’deki hastalara göre istatiksel anlamlı olarak yüksekti (p=0.002). Grup 4 hastalarındaki LDH, PRO_BNP ve prokalsitonin düzeyi hem grup 1 hemde grup 2’ye göre istatiksel anlamlı olarak yüksekti (sırasıyla p<0.001, p=0.026, p=0.007). Fibrinojen düzeyi, grup 4 deki hastalarda grup 2’deki hastalara göre anlamlı olarak yüksekti (p=0.011). DM, HT, LDH ve ferritin düzeyi yüksekliği ölüm riskinin anlamlı olarak artırmıştı (sırasıyla p=0.022, p=0,006 p<0.001, p=0,041). Benzer olarak yaş ve yatış gününün uzaması ölüm riskini anlamlı olarak artırmıştı (p<0.001). Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonuçları, Covid 19 hastalarının yatış süresinin uzamasıyla CRP, LDH, PCT, PROBNP ve fibrinojen düzeyinin doğru orantılı olarak arttığını ve hastalığın şiddetliye ilişkili olabileceğini göstermektedir. Yine bu sonuçlar, LDH ve ferritin düzeyinin, yaş, yatış gününün uzaması, HT, DM gibi ek hastalıkların varlığının mortalite oranını artırdığını ve prognoz açısından daha spesifik parametreler olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• Laboratuar testleri
• Mortalite
• Ek hastalıklar
• CRP
• LDH

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