BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

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Yıl 2015, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 69 - 75, 01.04.2015

Alper Gürz A

https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.41141
Cited By: 6

Öz

Since in the early 1900s, the relationship between vitamin D and human health was discovered which led to a cure for rickets. In recent years, studies suggest that besides the rickets, vitamin D deficiency may also have an important role in the development of some clinical situations such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis and tuberculosis. In addition, many studies showed that the maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy influence the development of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, periodontal diseases and for fetal or childhood periods there is a significant impact on the development of the skeletal, respiratory and the central nervous systems. In recent years, light of these studies, the knowledge about the vitamin D has been updated and multiple vitamin D supplementation programs has been applied through the definition of "subclinical vitamin D deficiency" and their effects on the non-skeletal system. In many countries, it has been emphasized that vitamin D supplementation should be given to women, especially in the last trimester of pregnancy. However, in developing countries, the presence of vitamin D deficiency continues to be a huge public health problem. In this case, all physicians, especially pediatricians, obstetricians and family physicians should be alert to this important issue

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fetal Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency

Kaynakça

  • Holick MF, Chen TC. Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87(4):1080S-6S.
  • Rakel RE, Rakel DP. Rakel Textbook of Family Medicine, 8th Ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2011;822.
  • Ozkan B. Nutritional rickets. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2010; 2(4):137-43.
  • Ergur AT, Merih Berberoglu M, Atasay B, et al. Vitamin D Deficiency in Turkish Mothers and Their Neonatesand in Women of Reproductive Age. J ClinRes Pediatr Endocrinol 2009;1(6):266-9.
  • Hatun Ş. D Vitamini Eksikliği ve Önlenmesi: Türkiye Deneyimi. Türkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr Sci 2012;8(2):4-8.
  • Robbin’s Temel Patoloji, 7. Ed. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2003;295-8.
  • Ala-houhala M, Koskinen T, Terho A, et al. Maternal compared with infant vitamin D. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1986;61: 1159-63.
  • Barrett H, Mc Elduff A. Vitamin D and pregnancy: an old problem revisited. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;24:527-39.
  • Andiran N, Yordam N, Ozon A. Risk Factors for Vitamin D Deficiency in Breast-fed Newborns and Their Mothers. Nutrition 2002;Volume 18, Number 1,
  • Pehlivan I, Hatun S, Aydogan M, et al. Maternal vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D supplementation in healthy infants. Turk J Pediatr 2003;45:315-20.
  • Hatun Ş, Bereket A, Çalıkoğlu AS, ve ark. Günümüzde D vitamini yetersizliği ve nütrisyonel rikets. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2003:46:224-41.
  • Sarıkaya S, Çam H, Aydın A, ve ark. Annede ve erken yenidoğan dönemindeki bebeklerde kan Ca, P, Mg, PTH ve vitamin D düzeyleri. Türk Pediatri Arşivi 1992;3(4):92-7.
  • Gebelere D vitamini destek programi rehberi. http://www.saglik.gov.tr./TR/belge/1-12659/.gebelere-d- vitamini-destek-programi-rehberi.html (Erişim tarihi: 21.01.2013).
  • Zhang C, Qiu C, Hu FB, et al. Maternal plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. PLoS One. 2008;3(11):e3753.
  • Merewood A, Mehta SD, Chen TC, et al. Association between vitamin D deficiency and primary cesarean section. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94(3):940-5.
  • Williams Obstetric, 23rd Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2010;709.
  • Baker AM, Haeri S, Camargo CA Jr, et al. A nested case-control study of midgestation vitamin D deficiency and risk of severe preeclampsia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95(11):5105-9.
  • Robinson CJ, Alanis MC, Wagner CL, et al. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in early-onset severe preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010;203(4):366.e1-6.
  • Powe CE, Seely EW, Rana S, et al. First trimester vitamin D, vitamin D binding protein, and subsquent preeclampsia. Hypertension 2010;56(4):758-63.
  • Shand AW, Nassar N, Von Danelszen P, et al. Maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a group at high risk for preeclampsia. BJOG 2010;117(13):1593-8.
  • Soheilykhah S, Mojibian M, Rashidi M, et al. Maternal vitamin D status in gestational diabetes mellitus. Nutr Clin Pract 2010; 25(5):524-7.
  • Baker AM, Haeri S, Camargo CA Jr, et al. First trimester maternal vitamin D status and risk for gestational diabetes mellitus: a nested case control study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2012;28(2):164-8.
  • Lau SL, Gunton JE, Athayde NP, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and glycated hemoglobin levels in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Med J Aust 2011;194(7):334-7.
  • Kurtoğlu S, Korkmaz L, Memur Ş. D Vitamininin İntrauterin Etkileri. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr Sci 2012;8(2):18-23.
  • Leffelaar ER, Vrijkotte TG, van Eijsden M. Maternal early pregnancy vitamin D status in relation to fetal and neonatal growth: results of the multi-ethnic Amsterdam Born Children and their Development cohort. Br J Nutr 2010;104(1):108-17.
  • Bodnar LM, Catov JM, Zmuda JM, et al. Maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with small-for-gestational age births in white women. J Nutr 2010;140(5): 999-1006.
  • Specker BL. Does vitamin D during pregnancy impact offspring growth and bone? Proc Nutr Soc 2012;71(1):38-45.
  • Yeşiltepe Mutlu G, Özsu E, Oruç M, ve ark. Maternal D vitamini eksikliğine bağlı hipokalsemik nöbet. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2011; 54: 79-82
  • Kanmaz G, Aycan Z, Çetinkaya E, ve ark. Maternal vitamin D eksikliği ve paratiroid adenomuna bağlı geç neonatal hipokalsemi: olgu sunumu. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg 2007;1:37-40
  • Kovacs CS. Vitamin D in pregnancy and lactation: maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcome from human and animal studies. Am J Clin Nutr2008;88(2):520S-528S,14.
  • Chan GM, McElligott K, McNaught T, et al. Effects of dietary calcium intervention on adolescent mothers and newborns: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2006;108(3 Pt1):565-71.
  • Erdeve Ö, Atasay B, Arsan S, et al. Hypocalcemic seizure due to congenital rickets in the first day of life. Turk J Pediatr 2007;49(3):301-3.
  • Belderbos ME, Houben ML, Wilbrink B, et al. Cord blood vitamin D deficiency is a associated with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Pediatrics 2011;127(6):e1513-20.
  • Chi A, Wildfire J, McLoughlin R, et al. Umbilical cord plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and immune function at birth. Clin Exp Allergy 2011;41(6):842-50.
  • Miyako K, Yamaguchi Y, Sakemi Y, et al. Vitamin D deficiency presenting in an infant with neonatal lupus erythematosus. Pediatr Int 2011;53(2):255-8.
  • Weiss ST, Litonjua AA. The inutero effects of maternal vitamin D deficiency: how it results in asthma and other chronic diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;183(10):1286-7.
  • Devereux G, Litonjua AA, Turner SW, et al. Maternal vitamin D intake during pregnancy and early childhood wheezing. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85(3):853-9.
  • Erkkola M, Kaila M, Nwaru BI, et al. Maternal vitamin D intake during pregnancy is inversely with asthma and allergic rhinitis in 5-year-old children. Clin Exp Allergy 2009;39(6):875-82.
  • Phokela SS, Peleg S, Moya FR, et al. Regulation of human pulmonary surfactant protein gene expression by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2005;289(4):L617-26.
  • Karatekin G, Kaya A, Salihoglu O et al. Association of subclinical vitamin D deficiency in newborns with acute lower respiratory infection and their mothers. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Apr;63(4):473-7.
  • Camargo CAJr, Ingham T, Wickens K, et al. Cord-blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of respiratory infection, wheezing and asthma. Pediatrics 2011;127(1):e180-7.
  • Miyake Y, Sasaki S, Tanaka K, et al. Dairy food, calcium and vitamin D intake in pregnancy, and wheeze and eczema in infants. Eur Respir J 2010;35(6):1228-34.
  • Dror DK, Allen LH. Vitamin D inadequacy in pregnancy: biology, outcomes, and interventions. Nutr Rev 2010;68(8):465-77.
  • Lucas RM, Ponsonby AL, Pasco JA, et al. Future health implications of prenatal and early-life vitamin D status. Nutr Rev 2008;66(12):710-20.
  • Mirzaei F, Michels KB, Munger K, et al. Gestational vitamin D and the risk of multiple sclerosis in offspring. Ann Neurol 2011;70(1):30-40.
  • Hyppönen E, Laara E, Reunanen A, et al. Intake of vitamin D and risk of type 1 diabetes: a birth-cohort study. Lancet 2001;358(9292):1500-3.
  • Marjamaki L, Niinistö S, Kenvard MG, et al. Maternal intake of vitamin D during pregnancy and risk of advanced beta cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in offspring. Diabetologia 2010;53(8):1599-607.
  • Atay Z, Bereket A. Vitamin D ve Güncel Öneriler. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr Sci 2012;8(2).
  • First Nations, Inuit and Métis Health Committee, Canadian Pediatric Society (CPS): Vitamin D supplementation: Recommendations for Canadian mothers and infants. Paediatr Child Health 2007;12(7):583-98.
  • Hollis BW, Wagner CL. Assessment of dietary vitamin D requirements during pregnancy and lactation. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:717-26.
  • Misra M, Pacaud D, Petryk A, et al. Drug and Therapeutics Committee of the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society. Vitamin D deficiency in children and its management: review of current knowledge and recommendations. Pediatrics 2008;122(2):398-417.
  • Onal H, Adal E, Alpaslan S, et al. Is daily 400 IU of vitamin D supplementation appropriate for every country: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Nutr 2010;49(7):395-400.
  • Hatun S, Ozkan B, Bereket A. Vitamin D deficiency and prevention: Turkish experience. Acta Paediatr 2011;100(9):1195-9.
  • Wagner CL, Greer FR; American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding; Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children and adolescents. Pediatrics2008;122(5):1142-52.
  • Hatun S, Bereket A, Ozkan B, et al. Free vitamin D supplementation for every infant in Turkey. Arch Dis Child 2007;92(4):373-4.
  • Ozkan B, Doneray H, Karacan M, et al. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency rickets in the eastern part of Turkey. Eur J Pediatr. 2009;168(1):95-100.
  • Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, et al. Endocrine Society. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96(7): 1911-30.
  • Hollis BW, Wagner CL. Vitamin D requirements and supplementation during pregnancy. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2011;18(6):371-5.
  • Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Washington, National http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=13050.(Accessed on: December 14, 2010). Press, DC 2010. Available at:
  • Şıklar Z, BerberoğluM. Maternal D vitamini eksikliği. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr Sci 2012;8(2):13-7.
  • Ultraviolet light: a hazard to children. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Environmental Health. Pediatrics 1999;104(2 Pt 1):328-33.
  • Wagner CL, Frank R. Greer. Prevention of Rickets and Vitamin D Deficiency in Infants, Children, and Adolescents. American Academy of Pediatrics 2008;122:1142-52.
  • Kaya A, Güven AS, Gültekin A, ve ark. Anne-bebek ikilisinde perinatal D vitamini profilaksisinin önemi. Perinatoloji Dergisi 2012;20(1):18-23.

D Vitamininin Fetal ve Maternal Etkileri

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 69 - 75, 01.04.2015

Alper Gürz A

https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.41141
Cited By: 6

Öz

D vitamini ile insan sağlığı arasındaki ilişki, 1900’lerin başında riketsin tedavisinde D vitamininin etkili olduğunun gözlenmesi ile kurulmuştur. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar, D vitamini yetersizliğinin riketsin yanında, diyabet, koroner kalp hastalığı, psöriazis, multipl skleroz, tüberküloz, enfeksiyonlar gibi klinik problemler için hazırlayıcı risk faktörü oluşturabilmekte olduğunu göstermektedir. Bunun yanında gebelik döneminde maternal D vitamini eksikliğinin, preeklampsi, gestasyonel diyabet, periodontal hastalıkların gelişiminde rol oynamakta olduğunu, fetus veya çocuğun gelişimi sırasında iskelet sistemi, solunum sistemi, santral sinir sistemi gelişimi üzerinde önemli etkilerinin görüldüğü çok fazla çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmalar ışığında, son yıllarda esas olarak “subklinik D vitamin eksikliği” tanımı çerçevesinde ve iskelet sistemi dışındaki etkileri nedeniyle D vitamini ile ilgili bilgiler güncellenmiş, D vitamini destek programlarının önemi yeniden gündeme gelmiştir. Birçok ülkede kadınlara özellikle hamileliklerinin son trimesterinde D vitamini verilmesi gerektiği üzerinde durulmuştur. Buna rağmen, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde D vitamini eksikliği bir sorun olarak varlığını sürdürmekte, çocuk sağlığı ve hastalıkları uzmanları, kadın doğum uzmanları ve aile hekimleri başta olmak üzere tüm hekimler açısından tetikte olunması gereken önemli bir konudur

Anahtar Kelimeler

D Vitamini Eksikliği Maternal Fetal

Kaynakça

  • Holick MF, Chen TC. Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87(4):1080S-6S.
  • Rakel RE, Rakel DP. Rakel Textbook of Family Medicine, 8th Ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2011;822.
  • Ozkan B. Nutritional rickets. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2010; 2(4):137-43.
  • Ergur AT, Merih Berberoglu M, Atasay B, et al. Vitamin D Deficiency in Turkish Mothers and Their Neonatesand in Women of Reproductive Age. J ClinRes Pediatr Endocrinol 2009;1(6):266-9.
  • Hatun Ş. D Vitamini Eksikliği ve Önlenmesi: Türkiye Deneyimi. Türkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr Sci 2012;8(2):4-8.
  • Robbin’s Temel Patoloji, 7. Ed. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2003;295-8.
  • Ala-houhala M, Koskinen T, Terho A, et al. Maternal compared with infant vitamin D. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1986;61: 1159-63.
  • Barrett H, Mc Elduff A. Vitamin D and pregnancy: an old problem revisited. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;24:527-39.
  • Andiran N, Yordam N, Ozon A. Risk Factors for Vitamin D Deficiency in Breast-fed Newborns and Their Mothers. Nutrition 2002;Volume 18, Number 1,
  • Pehlivan I, Hatun S, Aydogan M, et al. Maternal vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D supplementation in healthy infants. Turk J Pediatr 2003;45:315-20.
  • Hatun Ş, Bereket A, Çalıkoğlu AS, ve ark. Günümüzde D vitamini yetersizliği ve nütrisyonel rikets. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2003:46:224-41.
  • Sarıkaya S, Çam H, Aydın A, ve ark. Annede ve erken yenidoğan dönemindeki bebeklerde kan Ca, P, Mg, PTH ve vitamin D düzeyleri. Türk Pediatri Arşivi 1992;3(4):92-7.
  • Gebelere D vitamini destek programi rehberi. http://www.saglik.gov.tr./TR/belge/1-12659/.gebelere-d- vitamini-destek-programi-rehberi.html (Erişim tarihi: 21.01.2013).
  • Zhang C, Qiu C, Hu FB, et al. Maternal plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. PLoS One. 2008;3(11):e3753.
  • Merewood A, Mehta SD, Chen TC, et al. Association between vitamin D deficiency and primary cesarean section. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94(3):940-5.
  • Williams Obstetric, 23rd Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2010;709.
  • Baker AM, Haeri S, Camargo CA Jr, et al. A nested case-control study of midgestation vitamin D deficiency and risk of severe preeclampsia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95(11):5105-9.
  • Robinson CJ, Alanis MC, Wagner CL, et al. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in early-onset severe preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010;203(4):366.e1-6.
  • Powe CE, Seely EW, Rana S, et al. First trimester vitamin D, vitamin D binding protein, and subsquent preeclampsia. Hypertension 2010;56(4):758-63.
  • Shand AW, Nassar N, Von Danelszen P, et al. Maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a group at high risk for preeclampsia. BJOG 2010;117(13):1593-8.
  • Soheilykhah S, Mojibian M, Rashidi M, et al. Maternal vitamin D status in gestational diabetes mellitus. Nutr Clin Pract 2010; 25(5):524-7.
  • Baker AM, Haeri S, Camargo CA Jr, et al. First trimester maternal vitamin D status and risk for gestational diabetes mellitus: a nested case control study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2012;28(2):164-8.
  • Lau SL, Gunton JE, Athayde NP, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and glycated hemoglobin levels in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Med J Aust 2011;194(7):334-7.
  • Kurtoğlu S, Korkmaz L, Memur Ş. D Vitamininin İntrauterin Etkileri. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr Sci 2012;8(2):18-23.
  • Leffelaar ER, Vrijkotte TG, van Eijsden M. Maternal early pregnancy vitamin D status in relation to fetal and neonatal growth: results of the multi-ethnic Amsterdam Born Children and their Development cohort. Br J Nutr 2010;104(1):108-17.
  • Bodnar LM, Catov JM, Zmuda JM, et al. Maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with small-for-gestational age births in white women. J Nutr 2010;140(5): 999-1006.
  • Specker BL. Does vitamin D during pregnancy impact offspring growth and bone? Proc Nutr Soc 2012;71(1):38-45.
  • Yeşiltepe Mutlu G, Özsu E, Oruç M, ve ark. Maternal D vitamini eksikliğine bağlı hipokalsemik nöbet. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2011; 54: 79-82
  • Kanmaz G, Aycan Z, Çetinkaya E, ve ark. Maternal vitamin D eksikliği ve paratiroid adenomuna bağlı geç neonatal hipokalsemi: olgu sunumu. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg 2007;1:37-40
  • Kovacs CS. Vitamin D in pregnancy and lactation: maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcome from human and animal studies. Am J Clin Nutr2008;88(2):520S-528S,14.
  • Chan GM, McElligott K, McNaught T, et al. Effects of dietary calcium intervention on adolescent mothers and newborns: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2006;108(3 Pt1):565-71.
  • Erdeve Ö, Atasay B, Arsan S, et al. Hypocalcemic seizure due to congenital rickets in the first day of life. Turk J Pediatr 2007;49(3):301-3.
  • Belderbos ME, Houben ML, Wilbrink B, et al. Cord blood vitamin D deficiency is a associated with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Pediatrics 2011;127(6):e1513-20.
  • Chi A, Wildfire J, McLoughlin R, et al. Umbilical cord plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and immune function at birth. Clin Exp Allergy 2011;41(6):842-50.
  • Miyako K, Yamaguchi Y, Sakemi Y, et al. Vitamin D deficiency presenting in an infant with neonatal lupus erythematosus. Pediatr Int 2011;53(2):255-8.
  • Weiss ST, Litonjua AA. The inutero effects of maternal vitamin D deficiency: how it results in asthma and other chronic diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;183(10):1286-7.
  • Devereux G, Litonjua AA, Turner SW, et al. Maternal vitamin D intake during pregnancy and early childhood wheezing. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85(3):853-9.
  • Erkkola M, Kaila M, Nwaru BI, et al. Maternal vitamin D intake during pregnancy is inversely with asthma and allergic rhinitis in 5-year-old children. Clin Exp Allergy 2009;39(6):875-82.
  • Phokela SS, Peleg S, Moya FR, et al. Regulation of human pulmonary surfactant protein gene expression by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2005;289(4):L617-26.
  • Karatekin G, Kaya A, Salihoglu O et al. Association of subclinical vitamin D deficiency in newborns with acute lower respiratory infection and their mothers. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Apr;63(4):473-7.
  • Camargo CAJr, Ingham T, Wickens K, et al. Cord-blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of respiratory infection, wheezing and asthma. Pediatrics 2011;127(1):e180-7.
  • Miyake Y, Sasaki S, Tanaka K, et al. Dairy food, calcium and vitamin D intake in pregnancy, and wheeze and eczema in infants. Eur Respir J 2010;35(6):1228-34.
  • Dror DK, Allen LH. Vitamin D inadequacy in pregnancy: biology, outcomes, and interventions. Nutr Rev 2010;68(8):465-77.
  • Lucas RM, Ponsonby AL, Pasco JA, et al. Future health implications of prenatal and early-life vitamin D status. Nutr Rev 2008;66(12):710-20.
  • Mirzaei F, Michels KB, Munger K, et al. Gestational vitamin D and the risk of multiple sclerosis in offspring. Ann Neurol 2011;70(1):30-40.
  • Hyppönen E, Laara E, Reunanen A, et al. Intake of vitamin D and risk of type 1 diabetes: a birth-cohort study. Lancet 2001;358(9292):1500-3.
  • Marjamaki L, Niinistö S, Kenvard MG, et al. Maternal intake of vitamin D during pregnancy and risk of advanced beta cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in offspring. Diabetologia 2010;53(8):1599-607.
  • Atay Z, Bereket A. Vitamin D ve Güncel Öneriler. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr Sci 2012;8(2).
  • First Nations, Inuit and Métis Health Committee, Canadian Pediatric Society (CPS): Vitamin D supplementation: Recommendations for Canadian mothers and infants. Paediatr Child Health 2007;12(7):583-98.
  • Hollis BW, Wagner CL. Assessment of dietary vitamin D requirements during pregnancy and lactation. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:717-26.
  • Misra M, Pacaud D, Petryk A, et al. Drug and Therapeutics Committee of the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society. Vitamin D deficiency in children and its management: review of current knowledge and recommendations. Pediatrics 2008;122(2):398-417.
  • Onal H, Adal E, Alpaslan S, et al. Is daily 400 IU of vitamin D supplementation appropriate for every country: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Nutr 2010;49(7):395-400.
  • Hatun S, Ozkan B, Bereket A. Vitamin D deficiency and prevention: Turkish experience. Acta Paediatr 2011;100(9):1195-9.
  • Wagner CL, Greer FR; American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding; Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children and adolescents. Pediatrics2008;122(5):1142-52.
  • Hatun S, Bereket A, Ozkan B, et al. Free vitamin D supplementation for every infant in Turkey. Arch Dis Child 2007;92(4):373-4.
  • Ozkan B, Doneray H, Karacan M, et al. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency rickets in the eastern part of Turkey. Eur J Pediatr. 2009;168(1):95-100.
  • Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, et al. Endocrine Society. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96(7): 1911-30.
  • Hollis BW, Wagner CL. Vitamin D requirements and supplementation during pregnancy. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2011;18(6):371-5.
  • Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Washington, National http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=13050.(Accessed on: December 14, 2010). Press, DC 2010. Available at:
  • Şıklar Z, BerberoğluM. Maternal D vitamini eksikliği. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr Sci 2012;8(2):13-7.
  • Ultraviolet light: a hazard to children. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Environmental Health. Pediatrics 1999;104(2 Pt 1):328-33.
  • Wagner CL, Frank R. Greer. Prevention of Rickets and Vitamin D Deficiency in Infants, Children, and Adolescents. American Academy of Pediatrics 2008;122:1142-52.
  • Kaya A, Güven AS, Gültekin A, ve ark. Anne-bebek ikilisinde perinatal D vitamini profilaksisinin önemi. Perinatoloji Dergisi 2012;20(1):18-23.
Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Alper Gürz A Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA A, A. G. (2015). D Vitamininin Fetal ve Maternal Etkileri. Konuralp Medical Journal, 7(1), 69-75. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.41141
AMA A AG. D Vitamininin Fetal ve Maternal Etkileri. Konuralp Medical Journal. Nisan 2015;7(1):69-75. doi:10.18521/ktd.41141
Chicago A, Alper Gürz. “D Vitamininin Fetal Ve Maternal Etkileri”. Konuralp Medical Journal 7, sy. 1 (Nisan 2015): 69-75. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.41141.
EndNote A AG (01 Nisan 2015) D Vitamininin Fetal ve Maternal Etkileri. Konuralp Medical Journal 7 1 69–75.
IEEE A. G. A, “D Vitamininin Fetal ve Maternal Etkileri”, Konuralp Medical Journal, c. 7, sy. 1, ss. 69–75, 2015, doi: 10.18521/ktd.41141.
ISNAD A, Alper Gürz. “D Vitamininin Fetal Ve Maternal Etkileri”. Konuralp Medical Journal 7/1 (Nisan 2015), 69-75. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.41141.
JAMA A AG. D Vitamininin Fetal ve Maternal Etkileri. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2015;7:69–75.
MLA A, Alper Gürz. “D Vitamininin Fetal Ve Maternal Etkileri”. Konuralp Medical Journal, c. 7, sy. 1, 2015, ss. 69-75, doi:10.18521/ktd.41141.
Vancouver A AG. D Vitamininin Fetal ve Maternal Etkileri. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2015;7(1):69-75.

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