Öğretmenlerin COVID-19 Pandemisi Döneminde Bağışıklık Sistemini Güçlendirme ile İlgili Yaklaşımları

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: S1, 395 - 400, 30.08.2021

Hatice Küçükceran , Fatma Gökşin Cihan , Munise Daye

https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.924043

Abstract

Amaç: Bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirmek, COVID-19 ile mücadelenin önemli bir bölümünü oluşturur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’deki öğretmenlerin COVID-19 salgını sırasında bağışıklıklarını güçlendirmeye yönelik yaklaşımlarını değerlendirmektir.
Metod: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışma, sosyal medya kullanan öğretmenlere 15 Haziran - 15 Temmuz 2020 tarihleri arasında anket uygulanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Yöntem: 500 katılımcının medyan yaşı 37 (min: 22, max: 69) yıl ve % 76,8'i kadındı. Öğretmenlerin % 47,4'ü COVID-19 pandemi döneminde kilo aldıklarını belirtti. Bağışıklığı güçlendirmek için kullandıları en yaygın yöntemler, Meyve ve sebze tüketimi (% 52,8), dua etmek (% 36,2) ve güneşlenmek (% 26,0) olarak tespit edildi. Öğretmenlerin % 45,2'si (n: 226) takviye ürün kullanıyordu. Takviye preparatlardan en sık kullanılanlar; vitamin D (%17) , vitamin C (%14,2) ve multi vitamin (%10.8) idi. Takviye ürün kullanımı ile gelir seviyeleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yok iken (p = 0.839), sağlıklarına para ayırma ile (p = 0.001) anlamlı farklılık vardı. Öğretmenlerin %46,2'si bağışıklığı güçlendirme yöntemleri konusundaki bilgilerine güvenirken, % 61,2'si bu konuda eğitim almak istediğini belirtti.
Sonuç: Öğretmenlerin sağlıklarını önemsediği ve bağışıklığı güçlendiren yöntemleri uyguluyor görünmelerine rağmen COVID-19 salgını sırasında neredeyse yarısının kilo aldığı tespit edildi. Toplum için iyi rol modeller oluşturacak öğretmenler için hizmet içi eğitim şarttır. Yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri ve bağışıklığı güçlendiren tamamlayıcı tedaviler, Covid-19 salgınının daha az zararla atlatılmasına yardımcı olabilir. Tamamlayıcı tedavilerin bağışıklık sistemi üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

COVID-19, bağışıklık sistemi, beslenme, sağlıklı yaşam tarzı, Tamamlayıcı tedaviler

Teachers’ Approaches to Strengthening their Immune Systems during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Objective: Strengthening the immune system constitutes an important part of struggling with COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the approaches of the teachers to strengthen their immunity during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.
Method: This descriptive study was conducted by applying a questionnaire to teachers using social media between 15 June - 15 July 2020.
Results: The median age of all 500 participants was 37 (min: 22, max: 69) years and 76.8% were women. Of the teachers 47.4% stated that they gained weight during COVID-19 pandemic period. Fruit and vegetable consuming (52.8%), praying (36.2%) and sunbathing (26.0%) were the most common methods to strengthen immunity. Of the teachers, 45.2% (n:226) were using supplementary products. The most commonly used supplements are; Vitamin D (17%), vitamin C (14.2%) and multi-vitamin (10.8%). While there was no statistically significant difference between supplementary product usage and income levels (p = 0.839), there was a significant difference with allotting of money for their health (p = 0.001). Of the teachers, 46.2% were confident about their knowledge on immunity strengthening methods and 61.2% stated that they would like to be trained.
Conclusion: Teachers appear to care about their health and apply immunity strengthening methods, though nearly half gained weight during the COVID-19 pandemic. In-service training is essential for the teachers who would constitute good role-models for the society. Lifestyle changes and complementary therapies strengthening immunity may help to come over Covid-19 pandemic with less harm. More studies are needed to investigate the effects of complementary therapies on the immune system.

Keywords

COVID-19, immune system, nutrition, healthy lifestyle, complementary therapies

References

• Kutlu R. What we have learned about the new coronavirus pandemic, current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and the situation in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 2020;14(2):329-344. doi:10.21763/tjfmpc.729917.
• Durduran Y, Kucukkartallar T, Kandemir B, Cihan FG. Experiences of a university hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Konuralp Medical Journal 2020;12(2):344-346. doi:10.18521/ktd.737619
• Parkin J, Cohen B. An overview of the immune system. Lancet 2001;357(9270):1777-1789. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04904-7
• Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Savastano S, Colao A. Nutritional recommendations for COVID-19 quarantine." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2020;74(6):850-851. doi:10.1038/s41430-020-0635-2.
• Calder PC, Carr AC, Gombart AF, Eggersdorfer M. Optimal nutritional status for a well-functioning immune system is an important factor to protect against viral infections Nutrients 2020;12(4):1181. doi:10.3390/nu12041181.
• Luzi L, Radaelli MG. Influenza and obesity: its odd relationship and the lessons for COVID-19 pandemic. ActaDiabetol 2020;57(6):759-764. doi:10.1007/s00592-020-01522-8.
• Lunde P, Nilsson BB, Bergland A, Kværner KJ, Bye A. The effectiveness of smart phone apps for lifestyle improvement in noncommunicable diseases: systematic review and meta-analyses. J Med Internet Res 2018;20(5):e162. doi:10.2196/jmir.9751.
• Zabetakis I, Lordan R, Norton C, Tsoupras A. COVID-19: The inflammation link and the role of nutrition in potential mitigation. Nutrients 2020;12(5):1466. doi:10.3390/nu12051466.
• Antunes R, Frontini R, Amaro N, Salvador R, Matos R, Morouço P, et al. Exploring lifestyle habits, physical activity, anxiety and basic psychological needs in a sample of Portuguese adults during COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(12):4360. doi:10.3390/ijerph17124360.
• Campbell JP, Turner JE. Debunking the myth of exercise-induced immune suppression: redefining the impact of exercise on immunological health across the lifespan. Front Immunol 2018;9:648. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00648.
• Iddir M, Brito A, Dingeo G, Fernandez Del Campo SS, Samouda H, La Frano MR, et al. Strengthening the immune system and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress through diet and nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 crisis. Nutrients 2020;12(6):1562. doi:10.3390/nu12061562.
• Butler MJ, Barrientos RM. The impact of nutrition on COVID-19 susceptibility and long-term consequences. Brain Behav Immun 2020;87:53-4. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.040.
• Ince B. Vitamin D and systemic effects of vitamin D deficiency. Selcuk Medical Journal 2018;34(2):84-9.doi: 10.30733/std.2018.01052
• Han B, Hoang BX. Opinions on the current pandemic of COVID-19: Use functional food to boost our immune functions. J Infect Public Health. 2020 Dec;13(12):1811-1817. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.08.014.
• Koenig HG. Religion, spirituality, and health: the research and clinical implications. ISRN Psychiatry 2012;2012:278730. doi:10.5402/2012/278730.
• Mesaik MA, Dastagir N, Uddin N, Rehman K, Azim MK. Characterization of immunomodulatory activities of honey glycoprotein sandglycopeptides. J Agric Food Chem 2015;63(1):177-84. doi:10.1021/jf505131p
• Sforcin JM. Propolis and the immune system: a review. J Ethnopharmacol 2007;113(1):1-14. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2007.05.012.
• Salem ML. Immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of the Nigellasativa L. seed. Intmmunopharmacol 2005;5(13-14):1749-70. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2005.06.008.
• Rowen RJ, Robins H. A Plausible “Penny” Costing Effective Treatment for Corona Virus Ozone Therapy. J Infect Dis Epidemiol 2020;6(2):113. doi: 10.23937/2474-3658/1510113.
• Kim SK, Bae H. Acupuncture and immune modulation. Auton Neurosci 2010;157(1-2):38-41. doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2010.03.010.
• Armour M, Smith CA, Wang LQ, Naidoo D, Yang GY, MacPherson H, et al. Acupuncture for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med 2019;8(8):1140. doi:10.3390/jcm8081140.
• Soleimani R, Mohammadi M, Saghebi SA, Taghipour A, Vakilzadeh AK, Afshari JT. Comparison of Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 ratios between wet and dry cupping therapies in Persian medicine. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine 2020;10(1):24-34.
• Tagil SM, Celik HT, Ciftci S, Kazanci FH, Arslan M, Erdamar N, et al. Wet-cupping removes oxidants and decreases oxidative stress. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 2014;22(6);1032-1036. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2014.10.008.
• Cemaloglu N, Kukul V, Ustundag MT, Gunes E, Arslangilay AS. Determining the in-service training needs of the teachers: Bilecik province sample. Turkish Studies Educational Sciences 2018;13(11):399-420. doi:10.7827/TurkishStudies.13186.