Evaluation of the Protective Effect of The Cup Therapy on the Epileptic Seizure in Rats

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 606 - 613, 18.10.2021

Ayhan Çetinkaya Esra Fidan Selim Göksu Bihter Bozat Serif Demir

https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.777484

Öz

Objective: Cup therapy has an important place in traditional and complementary medicine applications. The purpose of our study, this is the first time to investigate the protective effect of cup therapy in rats on experimentally generated epileptic seizures in new rat modeling created by different anatomic regions.
Methods: In our study, 42 Wistar albino rats 3-4 months old (200-250 g) were used. Four other groups (n=7) except G3 and G4, 24 hours after cup therapy application, PTZ (35 mg/kg, sc., 0.2 cc) was injected, followed by behavioral epilepsy scoring.
Results: In the 'Open Area' and 'Elevated Plus Maze' tests, there was no behavioral difference between the cup therapy group and the control group (p > 0.05). Given all the parameters, the G4 group significantly reduces the seizure compared to other groups (p < 0.05). There is a significant difference in G2, G5 and G6 groups compared to G3 in the phases parameter (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: In this study, the new wet cup therapy (G2), which was applied for the first time, had a protective effect on seizures. G2, G5 and G6 groups are observed to suppress seizures compared to G3. Our findings are expected to contribute greatly to animal model analysis in the future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Epilepsy, Seizure, Cup Therapy, Hijama, Rat, Animal Model

Kupa Terapisinin Ratlarda İndüklenen Epileptik Nöbet Üzerine Koruyucu Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: Geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamaları içerisinde kupa terapisi önemli bir yer almaktadır. Çalışmamızın amacı, ilk kez sıçanlarda kupa terapisinin farklı anatomik bölge tayini ile oluşturulan yeni rat modellemesinde, deneysel olarak oluşturulmuş epileptik nöbetler üzerine koruyucu etkisinin araştırılmasıdır.
Yöntem: Çalışmamızda, 42 adet Wistar albino cinsi 3-4 aylık (200-250 gr) sıçanlar kullanılmıştır. G3 ve G4 dışındaki diğer dört gruba (n=7), kupa terapisi uygulamasından 24 saat sonra, PTZ (35 mg/kg, sc., 0,2 cc) enjekte edildi ve ardından davranışsal epilepsi skorlaması yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Toplamda 42 adet Wistar albino sıçan rastgele 6 gruba (n:7) ayrılmıştır. G1 grubuna "yeni kuru kupa", G2’ye ise "yeni yaş kupa" modeli uygulanmıştır. G3 grubunda, ''epilepsi modeli'' (PTZ, 35 mg/kg) oluşturulmuş ve G4’e diazepam (2,5 mg/kg) verilmiştir. G5 ve G6 gruplarına ise ''kuru kupa'' ve '' yaş kupa '' modelleri sırasıyla uygulanmıştır. Kupa terapilerinden 24 saat sonra, sıçanlara PTZ enjekte edilmiş ve daha sonra tüm gruplardaki sıçanların epilepsi davranış skorları 20-30 dakika boyunca kaydedilmiştir.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, ilk defa uygulanmış olan yeni yaş kupa terapisinin (G2) nöbetler üzerine koruyucu etkisi bulunmuştur. G2, G5 ve G6 gruplarının G3’e kıyasla nöbeti baskıladığı gözlemlenmektedir. Bulgularımızın ileride bu konuda yapılacak hayvan modeli analizlerine büyük ölçüde katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Epilepsi, Nöbet, Kupa terapisi, Hacamat, Rat, Hayvan modeli

Kaynakça

• 1. Zupec-Kania BA, Spellman E. An overview of the ketogenic diet for pediatric epilepsy. Nutr Clin Pract. 2009;23:589-596.
• 2. Bertram EH. Temporal lobe epilepsy: where do the seizures really begin? Epilepsy Behav. 2009;14(Suppl 1):32-37.
• 3. Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, Connolly MB, French J, Guilhoto L et al. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE commission for classification and terminology. Epilepsia. 2017;58:512-21.
• 4. Camfield P, Camfield C. Incidence, prevalence and aetiology of seizures and epilepsy in children. Epileptic Disord. 2015;17:117-23.
• 5. Macdonald RL, Barker JL. Phenobarbital enhances GABA-mediated postsynaptic inhibition in cultured mammalian neurons. Trans Am Neurol Assoc. 1977;102;139-140.
• 6. Velisek L, Kusa R, Kuluvana M, Mares P. Exitatory amino acid antagonist and pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures during ontogenesis: I. The effects of 2-amino7phosphonoheptonate. Life Sci. 1990;46:1349-1357.
• 7. Silva J, Monge-Fuentes V, Gomes F, Lopes K, dos Anjos L, Campos G et al. Pharmacological Alternatives for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Wasp and Bee Venoms and Their Components as New Neuroactive Tools. Toxins (Basel). 2015;7:3179-209.
• 8. Çağlayan HZB, Ataoğlu EE, Kibaroğlu S. Nörolojide Geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamalarının etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Turk J Neurol. 2018;24(2). 9. Furhad S, Bokhari AA. Cupping Therapy. In StatPearls [Internet]. 2019.
• 10. Umar NK, Tursunbadalov S, Surgun S, Welcome MO, Dane S. The effects of wet cupping therapy on the blood levels of some heavy metals: a pilot study. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2018;11(6):375-379.
• 11. Yoo SS, Tausk F. Cupping: east meets west. Int J Dermatol. 2004;43(9):664-5.
• 12. Ahmadi A, Schwebel DC, Rezaei M. The efficacy of wet‐cupping in the treatment of tension and migraine headache. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2008;36(1):37‐44.
• 13. Bamfarahnak H, Azizi A, Noorafshan A, Mohagheghzadeh A. A tale of Persian cupping therapy: 1001 potential applications and avenues for research. J. Complement. Med. Res. 2014;21(1):42-47.
• 14. Nayak S, Kumar PH. A scientific appraisal on hirudotherapy-an evolution in life style disorders. IJPR. 2015;5(10):217-221.
• 15. Subadi I, Nugraha B, Laswati H, Josomuljono H. Pain relief with wet cupping therapy in rats is mediated by heat shock protein 70 and ß-endorphin. Iran. J. Med. Sci. 2017;42(4):384
• 16. McCandless DW, FineSmith RB. Chemically induced models of seizures. In animal models of neurological disease, II (pp. 133-151). Humana Press; 1992
• 17. Dhir Ashish. Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) Kindling Model of Epilepsy. Current protocols in neuroscience/editorial board, Jacqueline N. Crawley et al. Chapter 9. Unit9.27; 2012.
• 18. Lüttjohann A, Fabene PF, Luijtelaar G. A revised Racine's scale for PTZ-induced seizures in rats. Physıol Behav. 2009;98(5):579-586.
• 19. Erbaş O, Solmaz V, Aksoy D. Inhibitor effect of dexketoprofen in rat model of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. Neurol Res. 2015;37(12):1096-1101.
• 20. Kaputlu I, Uzbay T. L-NAME inhibits pentylenetetrazole and strychnine-induced seizures in mice. Brain Res. 1997;753:98-101.
• 21. Nimrouzi M, Mahbodi A, Jaladat AM, Sadeghfard A, Zarshenas MM. Hijamat in traditional Persian medicine: risks and benefits. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2014;19(2): 128-136.
• 22. Wang Y, Lin XM, Zheng GQ. Traditional Chinese medicine for Parkinson's disease in China and beyond. J Altern Complement Med. 2011;17(5):385-8.
• 23. Wang Z, Wan H, Li J, Zhang H, Tian M. Molecular ımaging in traditional chinese medicine therapy for neurological diseases. Biomed Res Int. 2013;608430.
• 24. Eghbalian F, Kenari HM, Kordafshari G, Karimi M, Atyabi A, Shirbeigi L. The role of phlebotomy (fasd) and cupping in the treatment of epilepsy from perspective of Persian medicine. Iran J Public Health. 2019;48(7):1392-1394.
• 25. Wells RE, Phillips RS, Schachter SC, McCarthy EP. Complementary and alternative medicine use among U.S. Adults with common neurological conditions. J Neurol. 2010; 257(11):1822-1831.
• 26. Uddin SMM, Haq A, Sheikh H. The Use of hijama (wet cupping) in alternative and complementary medicine: efficacious or perilous?. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2016;9(6):285-286.
• 27. Bedah AMNA, Khalil MKM, Posadzki P, Sohaibani I, Aboushanab TS, AlQaed M et al. Evaluation of wet cupping therapy: systematic review of randomized clinical trials, J Altern Complement Med. 2016;22(10):768-777.
• 28. Moayedi M, Davis KD. Theories of pain: from specificity to gate control. J Neurophysiol. 2012;109:5-12.
• 29. Le Bars D, Villanueva L, Willer JC. Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) in animals and in man. Acupunct Med. 1991;9:47-56.
• 30. Ann Lett RM. Reflex Zone Therapy for Health Professionals. first ed. pp. 2–20. Amazon.com; 2000.
• 31. Sedat Y, Sevilay E, Nuray YP, Ümmü GY, Burcu BK, Yücel K et al. Geleneksel Çin Tıbbında bir şifa yöntemi -2 kupa terapisi için etki mekanizmaları: Derleme, Integr Tıp Derg. 2013;1(1):18-21. 20.
• 32. Musial F, Michalsen A, Dobos G. Functional chronic pain syndromes and naturopathic treatments: neurobiological foundations. Forsch Komplement Med 2008;15(2):97-10319.