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Retrospective Analysis of Factors Affecting Mortality and Morbidity in Patients with Pressure Ulcers in the Palliative Care Unit

Year 2025, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 176 - 181, 17.06.2025

Abstract

Objective: Pressure ulcers are a multifactorial condition caused by the convergence of many factors. In our study, the demographic data of patients with pressure ulcers, as well as the severity, stage, and etiological factors of the pressure ulcers, were investigated for their effects on mortality and morbidity.
Method: Our study is cross-sectional and retrospective in nature. Data from 223 patients with pressure ulcers who were hospitalized in the Palliative Care Unit of Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital between April 1, 2021, and July 31, 2023, were reviewed. Patients' age, gender, length of stay, source of admission, discharge status, laboratory values, and information related to pressure ulcers were recorded. The obtained data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA).
Result: A statistically significant relationship was found between the stage of the pressure ulcer and the number of pressure ulcers (p<0.001), as well as WBC (p=0.012), NEU (p=0.004), albumin (p<0.001), and prealbumin (p=0.008) values. There was also a statistically significant relationship between the number of pressure ulcers and the source of admission (p=0.034) and the discharge destination of the patient (p=0.017).
A statistically significant relationship was found between the discharge destination and age (years) (F=5.786, p<0.001), the number of diseases (F=5.613, p<0.001), the number of medications used (F=6.217, p<0.001), and NRS2002 values (F=3.324, p=0.011).
Conclusion: In patients with pressure ulcers followed in the palliative care unit, advanced age, a higher number of pressure ulcers, infection, a history of intensive care unit stay, and low albumin, prealbumin, and vitamin D levels are associated with increased mortality and morbidity.

References

  • 1. European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel, Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance. Prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers/injuries: quick reference guide [Internet]. Emily Haesler (Ed.). EPUAP/NPIAP/PPPIA; 2019 [cited 2025 Feb 17]. Available from: https://internationalguideline.com/ 2. Murray LD, Magazinovic N, Stacey MC. Clinical practice guidelines for the prediction and prevention of pressure ulcers. Primary Intention. 2001;9(3):88–97.
  • 3. Tekin N, Narlıdere A. [Pressure ulcers in palliative care patients: prevalence and incidence]. Smyrna Tıp Derg. 2016;6(2):48-53.
  • 4. Jaul E, Barron J, Rosenzweig JP, Menczel J. An overview of co-morbidities and the development of pressure ulcers among older adults. BMC Geriatr. 2018;18(1):305.
  • 5. Yücel A. [Prevention and management of pressure ulcers]. Türk Yoğun Bakım Derg. 2008;6(2):73-82. 6. Dealey C, Posnett J, Walker A. The cost of pressure ulcers in the United Kingdom. J Wound Care. 2012;21(6):261-6.
  • 7. Korkut Kurtoğlu Y, Yılmaz MT. Research of the change in CRP/Albumin levels according to wound stage in patients with decubitus ulcers. ADYÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Derg. 2023;9(2):111-8.
  • 8. Kalava UR, Cha SS, Takahashi PY. Association between vitamin D and pressure ulcers in older ambulatory adults: results of a matched case-control study. Clin Interv Aging. 2011;6:213-9.
  • 9. Gökdemir S, Aslan M. Main Factors Regarding Pressure Injury in Intensive Care Unit Patients and The Effects of Nursing Interventions. J Turk Soc Intens Care. 2024;22(1):31–40.
  • 10. Alshahrani B, Sim J, Middleton R. Nursing interventions for pressure injury prevention among critically ill patients: a systematic review. J Clin Nurs. 2021;30(15-16):2151-68.
  • 11. Yeniçağ R, Rakıcıoğlu N. Pressure Ulcers and Nutritional Treatment in Older Adults. Sakarya Tıp Derg. 2019;9(3):387–97.
  • 12. Tayyib N, Coyer F, Lewis P. Saudi Arabian adult intensive care unit pressure ulcer incidence and risk factors: a prospective cohort study. Int Wound J. 2016;13(5):912-19.
  • 13. Kıraner E, Terzi B. Characteristics of Patients with Pressure Wound in the Intensive Care Unit. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Derg. 2016;20(2):78–83.
  • 14. Efteli E. Effects of hemoglobin and albumin levels on the development of pressure injury in intensive care. MAKU J. Health Sci. Inst. 2022;10(1):71–78.
  • 15. Dizer B, Olgun Ş, İlbay D. Factors Affecting Pressure Wound Development in the Intensive Care Units. Van Sağlık Bilimleri Derg. 2023;16(2):105–12.
  • 16. Alhaug J, Gay CL, Henriksen C, Lerdal A. Pressure ulcer is associated with malnutrition as assessed by Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002) in a mixed hospital population. Food Nutr Res. 2017;61(1):1324230.
  • 17. Orrevall Y, Tishelman C, Permert J, Cederholm T. Nutritional support and risk status among cancer patients in palliative home care services. Support Care Cancer. 2009;17(2):153-61.

Palyatif Bakım Servisinde Yatan Bası Yarası Mevcut Hastalarda Mortalite ve Morbidite Üzerine Etki Eden Faktörlerin Retrospektif Analizi

Year 2025, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 176 - 181, 17.06.2025

Abstract

Amaç: Bası yaraları, birçok faktörün bir araya gelmesiyle oluşan ve mortalite ile morbidite üzerine etkili bir durumdur. Çalışmamızda, bası yarası olan çoğunluğu ileri yaş hastaların demografik verileri ile bası yarası şiddeti, evresi ve etiyolojide yer alan faktörlerin mortalite ve morbidite üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır.
Metod: Çalışmamız kesitsel ve retrospektif tiptedir. Başakşehir Çam ve Sakura Şehir Hastanesi Palyatif Bakım Servisinde 01.04.2021-31.07.2023 tarihleri arasında yatarak tedavi gören ve bası yarası olan 223 hastanın verileri taranmıştır. Hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, yatış süresi, nakil alındığı yer bilgisi, taburcu edilen yer bilgisi, nutrisyon durumu, laboratuvar değerleri ve bası yarası ile ilgili bilgileri kaydedilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler IBM SPSS sürüm 25.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, ABD) programı ile analiz edilmiştir. İstatistiksel analizlerde p<0.05 değeri anlamlı kabul edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Hastalarda mevcut olan bası yarası evresi ile bası yarası sayısı arasında(p<0.001), WBC (p=0.012), NEU (p=0.004), albümin (p<0.001), prealbumin (p=0.008) değerleri arasında istatiksel anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur.
Bası yarası sayısı ile hastanın alındığı yer (p=0.034) ve hastanın taburcu edildiği yer arasında (p=0.017) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Hastanın alındığı yer ile D vitamini düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark saptanmıştır (F=4.111, p=0.018).
Hastaların taburcu edildiği yer ile yaş (yıl) (F=5.786, p<0.001), hastalık sayısı (F=5.613, p<0.001), kullanılan ilaç sayısı (F=6.217, p<0.001) ve NRS2002 değerleri (F=3.324, p=0.011) arasında arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Palyatif bakım servisinde takip edilen bası yarası mevcut hastalarda, ileri yaş, bası yarası sayısının fazla olması, enfeksiyon, yoğun bakım yatışı öyküsü, albümin, prealbumin ve D vitamini düşüklüğü mortalite ve morbidite ile ilişkilidir.

References

  • 1. European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel, Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance. Prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers/injuries: quick reference guide [Internet]. Emily Haesler (Ed.). EPUAP/NPIAP/PPPIA; 2019 [cited 2025 Feb 17]. Available from: https://internationalguideline.com/ 2. Murray LD, Magazinovic N, Stacey MC. Clinical practice guidelines for the prediction and prevention of pressure ulcers. Primary Intention. 2001;9(3):88–97.
  • 3. Tekin N, Narlıdere A. [Pressure ulcers in palliative care patients: prevalence and incidence]. Smyrna Tıp Derg. 2016;6(2):48-53.
  • 4. Jaul E, Barron J, Rosenzweig JP, Menczel J. An overview of co-morbidities and the development of pressure ulcers among older adults. BMC Geriatr. 2018;18(1):305.
  • 5. Yücel A. [Prevention and management of pressure ulcers]. Türk Yoğun Bakım Derg. 2008;6(2):73-82. 6. Dealey C, Posnett J, Walker A. The cost of pressure ulcers in the United Kingdom. J Wound Care. 2012;21(6):261-6.
  • 7. Korkut Kurtoğlu Y, Yılmaz MT. Research of the change in CRP/Albumin levels according to wound stage in patients with decubitus ulcers. ADYÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Derg. 2023;9(2):111-8.
  • 8. Kalava UR, Cha SS, Takahashi PY. Association between vitamin D and pressure ulcers in older ambulatory adults: results of a matched case-control study. Clin Interv Aging. 2011;6:213-9.
  • 9. Gökdemir S, Aslan M. Main Factors Regarding Pressure Injury in Intensive Care Unit Patients and The Effects of Nursing Interventions. J Turk Soc Intens Care. 2024;22(1):31–40.
  • 10. Alshahrani B, Sim J, Middleton R. Nursing interventions for pressure injury prevention among critically ill patients: a systematic review. J Clin Nurs. 2021;30(15-16):2151-68.
  • 11. Yeniçağ R, Rakıcıoğlu N. Pressure Ulcers and Nutritional Treatment in Older Adults. Sakarya Tıp Derg. 2019;9(3):387–97.
  • 12. Tayyib N, Coyer F, Lewis P. Saudi Arabian adult intensive care unit pressure ulcer incidence and risk factors: a prospective cohort study. Int Wound J. 2016;13(5):912-19.
  • 13. Kıraner E, Terzi B. Characteristics of Patients with Pressure Wound in the Intensive Care Unit. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Derg. 2016;20(2):78–83.
  • 14. Efteli E. Effects of hemoglobin and albumin levels on the development of pressure injury in intensive care. MAKU J. Health Sci. Inst. 2022;10(1):71–78.
  • 15. Dizer B, Olgun Ş, İlbay D. Factors Affecting Pressure Wound Development in the Intensive Care Units. Van Sağlık Bilimleri Derg. 2023;16(2):105–12.
  • 16. Alhaug J, Gay CL, Henriksen C, Lerdal A. Pressure ulcer is associated with malnutrition as assessed by Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002) in a mixed hospital population. Food Nutr Res. 2017;61(1):1324230.
  • 17. Orrevall Y, Tishelman C, Permert J, Cederholm T. Nutritional support and risk status among cancer patients in palliative home care services. Support Care Cancer. 2009;17(2):153-61.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Services and Systems (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Şenda Yildirim Polat 0009-0004-4592-6824

Hilal Özkaya 0000-0002-4223-9701

Sibel Baktır Altuntaş 0000-0003-1392-9014

Publication Date June 17, 2025
Submission Date July 22, 2024
Acceptance Date June 10, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 17 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yildirim Polat, Ş., Özkaya, H., & Baktır Altuntaş, S. (2025). Retrospective Analysis of Factors Affecting Mortality and Morbidity in Patients with Pressure Ulcers in the Palliative Care Unit. Konuralp Medical Journal, 17(2), 176-181. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.1518806
AMA Yildirim Polat Ş, Özkaya H, Baktır Altuntaş S. Retrospective Analysis of Factors Affecting Mortality and Morbidity in Patients with Pressure Ulcers in the Palliative Care Unit. Konuralp Medical Journal. June 2025;17(2):176-181. doi:10.18521/ktd.1518806
Chicago Yildirim Polat, Şenda, Hilal Özkaya, and Sibel Baktır Altuntaş. “Retrospective Analysis of Factors Affecting Mortality and Morbidity in Patients With Pressure Ulcers in the Palliative Care Unit”. Konuralp Medical Journal 17, no. 2 (June 2025): 176-81. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.1518806.
EndNote Yildirim Polat Ş, Özkaya H, Baktır Altuntaş S (June 1, 2025) Retrospective Analysis of Factors Affecting Mortality and Morbidity in Patients with Pressure Ulcers in the Palliative Care Unit. Konuralp Medical Journal 17 2 176–181.
IEEE Ş. Yildirim Polat, H. Özkaya, and S. Baktır Altuntaş, “Retrospective Analysis of Factors Affecting Mortality and Morbidity in Patients with Pressure Ulcers in the Palliative Care Unit”, Konuralp Medical Journal, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 176–181, 2025, doi: 10.18521/ktd.1518806.
ISNAD Yildirim Polat, Şenda et al. “Retrospective Analysis of Factors Affecting Mortality and Morbidity in Patients With Pressure Ulcers in the Palliative Care Unit”. Konuralp Medical Journal 17/2 (June2025), 176-181. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.1518806.
JAMA Yildirim Polat Ş, Özkaya H, Baktır Altuntaş S. Retrospective Analysis of Factors Affecting Mortality and Morbidity in Patients with Pressure Ulcers in the Palliative Care Unit. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2025;17:176–181.
MLA Yildirim Polat, Şenda et al. “Retrospective Analysis of Factors Affecting Mortality and Morbidity in Patients With Pressure Ulcers in the Palliative Care Unit”. Konuralp Medical Journal, vol. 17, no. 2, 2025, pp. 176-81, doi:10.18521/ktd.1518806.
Vancouver Yildirim Polat Ş, Özkaya H, Baktır Altuntaş S. Retrospective Analysis of Factors Affecting Mortality and Morbidity in Patients with Pressure Ulcers in the Palliative Care Unit. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2025;17(2):176-81.

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