Investigation of Bovine Coronavirus and Bovine Rotavirus in Calves with Neonatal Diarrhea in Kirikkale and Surrounding Provinces

Abstract

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and bovine rotavirus (BRV) infections are very common in neonatal diarrhoea of calves which are of the important problems in cattle breeding. In the present study 110 calves with neonatal diarrhoea from Kirikkale and surrounding provinces were investigated for BCoV and BRV presence by RT-PCR in stool samples and positive BRV samples were genotyped by PCR based on VP4 and VP7 genes. In total, 41 samples were BCoV positive (37.27%) and 41 samples were BRV positive (37.27%), whereas 20 samples were positive for both BCoV and BRV (18.18%). According to the results of the study, BCoV and BRV are the neonatal calf diarrhoea agents in calves reared in Kirikkale, Kirsehir, Ankara, Cankiri, Corum, and Yozgat provinces. Genotyping results of positive BRV samples indicated that G6P[5], G10P[5], G10P[11], and G6P[11] genotypes, commonly seen in Turkey, are circulating among these provinces. Detection of these genotypes indicated importance of vaccination against neonatal diarrhoea and selection of vaccine strain.

Keywords

• Bovine coronavirus
• Bovine rotavirus
• Kirikkale
• RT-PCR

Investigation of Bovine Coronavirus and Bovine Rotavirus in Calves with Neonatal Diarrhea in Kırıkkale and Surrounding Provinces

Abstract

Sığır koronavirüs (BCoV) ve sığır rotavirüs (BRV) enfeksiyonları, sığır yetiştiriciliğindeki önemli sorunlardan biri olan neonatal buzağı ishallerinin en sık rastlanan viral etkenleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Kırıkkale ve çevre illerindeki neonatal ishalli 110 buzağıda BCoV ve BRV etkenleri RT-PCR ile araştırıldı ve pozitif BRV örnekleri PCR ile VP4 ve VP7 genleri temelli olarak genotiplendirildi. RT-PCR sonuçlarına göre toplamda 41 örnek BCoV pozitif (%37,27), 41 örnek BRV pozitif (%37,27) ve 20 örnek hem BCoV hem de BRV pozitif (%18,18) olarak belirlendi. Bu sonuçlara göre Kırıkkale, Kırşehir, Çankırı, Çorum, Yozgat ve Ankara illerinde yetiştirilen buzağılarda BCoV ve BRV, neonatal buzağı ishallerinin etkenleri olarak tespit edildi. BRV genotiplendirme sonuçlarına göre ise bu illerde ülkemizde yaygın olarak görülen genotipler olan G6P[5], G10P[5], G10P[11] ve G6P[11] genotiplerinin sirküle olduğu belirlendi. Bu genotiplerin buzağılarda saptanması, neonatal ishallere karşı aşılamanın ve aşılarda kullanılacak olan suş seçiminin önemini göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Kırıkkale
• RT-PCR
• Sığır koronavirüs
• Sığır rotavirüs

References

1. Al, M., Balıkçı, E., 2012. Neonatal ishalli buzağılarda rotavirus, Coronavirus, E. Coli K99 ve Cryptosporodium parvum’un hızlı test kitleri ile teşhisi ve enterojen ile maternal immünite ilişkisi. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 26, 73-78.
2. Alkan, F., Ozkul, A., Bilge-Dagalp, S., Karaoglu, T., Oguzoglu, T.C., Caliskan, E., Burgu, I., 2011. The detection and genetic characterization based on the S1 gene region of BCoVs from respiratory and enteric infections in Turkey. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 58, 179-85.
3. Alkan, F., Ozkul, A., Oguzoglu, T.C., Timurkan, M.O., Caliskan, E., Martella, V., Burgu, I., 2010. Distribution of G (VP7) and P (VP4) genotypes of group A bovine rotaviruses from Turkish calves with diarrhea, 1997-2008. Veterinary Microbiology 141, 231-7.
4. Altuğ, N., Yüksek, N., Özkan, C., Keleş, İ., Başbuğan, Y., Ağaoğlu, Z.T., Kaya, A., Akgül, Y., 2013. Neonatal buzağı ishallerinin immunokromotografik test kitleri ile hızlı etiyolojik teşhisi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 24, 123-128.
5. Aydın, H., Timurkan, M.Ö., 2018. Buzağı ishallerinde coronavirusun nukleoprotein gen ve rtavirusun VP7/VP4 gen bölgelerinin kısmi sekansı ve filogenetik analizi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi 13, 211-218.
6. Azkur, A.K., Aksoy, E., 2018. Buzağı hastalıklarında koruyucu önlemler. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 58, 56-63.
7. Cho, Y.I., Han, J.I., Wang, C., Cooper, V., Schwartz, K., Engelken, T., Yoon, K-J., 2013. Case-control study of microbiological etiology associated with calf diarrhea. Veterinary Microbiology 166, 375-85.
8. Çabalar, M., Kaya, A., Arslan, S., 2007. Yeni doğan buzağıların ishal olgularında rotavirus ve coronavirus araştırılması. Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences 23, 103-106.

9. Desselberger, U., 2017. Differences of rotavirus vaccine effectiveness by country: likely causes and contributing factors. Pathogens 6, 65.
10. Erdoğan, H.M., Ünver, A., Çitil, M., Güneş, V., Arslan, M.Ö., Tuzcu, M., Gökce, H.İ., 2009. Dairy farming in Kars district, Turkey: III. Neonatal calf health. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 33, 185-192.
11. Foster, D.M., Smith, G.W., 2009. Pathophysiology of diarrhea in calves. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 25, 13-36.
12. Franzo, G., Drigo, M., Legnardi, M., Grassi, L., Pasotto, D., Menandro, M.L., Cecchinato, M., Tucciarone, C.M., 2020. Bovine coronavirus: Variability, evolution, and dispersal patterns of a no longer neglected Betacoronavirus. Viruses 12, 1285.
13. Gomez, D.E., Weese, J.S., 2017. Viral enteritis in calves. Canadian Veterinary Journal 58, 1267-1274.
14. Hasoksuz, M., Kayar, A., Dodurka, T., Ilgaz, A.A., 2005. Detection of respiratory and enteric shedding of bovine coronaviruses in cattle in Northwestern Turkey. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 53, 137-46.
15. ICTV, 2020. Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release. https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/ (Erişim 15.10.2021)
16. Karayel, I., Fehér, E., Marton, S., Coskun, N., Bányai, K., Alkan, F., 2017. Putative vaccine breakthrough event associated with heterotypic rotavirüs infection in newborn calves, Turkey, 2015. Veterinary Microbiology 201, 7-13.
17. Lorenz, I., Fagan, J., More, S.J., 2011. Calf health from birth to weaning. II. Management of diarrhoea in pre-weaned calves. Irish Veterinary Journal 64, 9.
18. Matthijnssens, J., Ciarlet, M., McDonald, S.M., Attoui, H., Bányai, K., Brister, J.R., Buesa, J., Esona, M.D., Estes, M.K., Gentsch, J.R., Iturriza-Gómara, M., Johne, R., Kirkwood, C.D., Martella, V., Mertens, P.P., Nakagomi, O., Parreño, V., Rahman, M., Ruggeri, F.M., Saif, L.J., Santos, N., Steyer, A., Taniguchi, K., Patton, J.T., Desselberger, U., Van Ranst, M., 2011. Uniformity of rotavirus strain nomenclature proposed by the Rotavirus Classification Working Group (RCWG). Archives of Virology 156, 1397-413.
19. Pestil, Z., Gülyaz, V., Hasöksüz, M., 2016. The determination and pathogenicity of bovine coronavirus in newborn calves with diarrhea in Marmara region. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi 27, 16-20.
20. Renaud, D.L., Rot, C., Marshall, J., Steele, M.A., 2020. The effect of Cryptosporidium parvum, rotavirus, and coronavirus infection on the health and performance of male dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science S0022-0302, 31037-7.
21. Torres-Medina, A., Schlafer, D.H., Mebus, C.A., 1985. Rotaviral and coronaviral diarrhea. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 1, 471-93.