MÜŞTERİ İLİŞKİLERİ YÖNETİMİ SÜRECİNDE SÖZSÜZ İLETİŞİMİN ROLÜ: TÜRKİYE'DEKİ 5 YILDIZLI OTELLER ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA - THE ROLE OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION IN CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT PROCESS: A STUDY ON 5-STAR HOTELS IN TURKEY
Year 2020,
Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 67 - 92, 23.03.2020
Bahar Urhan Torun
,
Abdullah Koçak
Abstract
Business organizations competing with various rivals, think by the illusion of the modern age; the best way to reach their target consumers is to use benefits of technology. They collect data and use them for customer satisfaction. But the importance of face to face communication is generally underestimated or neglected. This study aims to get Customer Relationship Management (CRM) applications to make a return from high-tech to interpersonal communication, which is a timeless sales technique.In order to present the role of nonverbal communication (NVC) in CRM process, 643 participants, who stayed in 5-star hotels in Turkey in the previous year were asked about their hotel choice, evaluations about hotel employees considering the last accommodation. The most important of the research results are the most important expectation from a 5-star hotel is the quality of service; the customers’ perception about quality is shaped by the quality of communication; the employees’ NV communication skills are very highly minded by the customers.
References
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- DEMARAIS, A. and WHITE, V. (2005) First Impressions: What You Don’t Know About How Others See You. New York: Bantam.
- DEMO, G., & ROZZETT, K. (2013). Customer Relationship Management Scale for the Business-to-Consumer Market: Exploratory and Confirmatory Validation and Models Comparison. International Business Research, 6(11), 29-42. DOI:10.5539/ibr.v6n11p29.
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- MOJIBI, T. ve BOUSARI, N.B. (2014, July). The Correlation between Culture of Consistency and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in Asia Insurance Company of Gilan Province, Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, Vol.6, No.3, pp.51–60.
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- TAIWO, A. S. and KOLA, O. (2013). Executing a Customer Relationship Management Programme in an Emerging Market: An Emprical Approach, Change and Leadership, No. 17, pp. 46–54.
- UNUVAR, S. (2009). Kisilerarasi İletisimin Konaklama Isletmelerindeki Onemi ve Bes Yildizli Otellerde Bir Uygulama (The Importance of Interpersonal Relatonship in Accomodation Enterprises and An Application in Five Star Hotels), Sosyal Ekonomik Arastirmalar Dergisi Arsiv Cilt, Sayi 18, Sayfalar 375 – 394.
THE ROLE OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION IN CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT PROCESS: A STUDY ON 5-STAR HOTELS IN TURKEY - MÜŞTERİ İLİŞKİLERİ YÖNETİMİ SÜRECİNDE SÖZSÜZ İLETİŞİMİN ROLÜ: TÜRKİYE'DEKİ 5 YILDIZLI OTELLER ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA
Year 2020,
Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 67 - 92, 23.03.2020
Bahar Urhan Torun
,
Abdullah Koçak
Abstract
Çeşitli rakipleriyle yarış içinde olan işletmeler, modern çağın illüzyonu ile hedef tüketicilerine ulaşmanın en iyi yolunun teknolojinin nimetlerini kullanmak olduğunu düşünmektedir. Veri toplamakta ve bu verileri müşteri memnuniyeti için kullanmaktadırlar. Ancak yüz yüze iletişimin önemi genellikle hafife alınmakta veya ihmal edilmektedir. Bu çalışma, Müşteri İlişkileri Yönetimi (CRM) uygulamalarının, yüksek teknolojiden zamansız satış tekniği olan kişilerarası iletişime doğru bir dönüş yapmasını sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. CRM sürecinde sözsüz (NV) iletişimin rolünü ortaya koymak için, Türkiye'de 5 yıldızlı otellerde konaklama yapmış 643 katılımcıya son otel konaklamaları ile ilgili olarak otel tercihleri ve otel çalışanları ile ilgili değerlendirmeleri sorulmuştur. Araştırma sonuçları içerisinde en önemlileri; 5 yıldızlı bir otelden en önemli beklentinin hizmet kalitesi olduğu; müşterilerin kalite konusundaki algılarının iletişimin kalitesi ile şekillendiği ve çalışanların sözsüz iletişim becerilerinin müşteriler tarafından yüksek derecede önemsendiğidir.
References
- AKOGLAN KOZAK, M. (2013). Turizm Isletmelerinde Elektronik Müşteri Ilişkileri (Electronic Customer Relations in Tourism Enterprises), Ankara: Detay Yayincilik.
- AMBADY, N. and SKOWRONSKI, J. J. (eds.) (2008). First Impressions. New York: Guilford Press.
- BERGERON, B. (2002). Essentials of CRM, Wiley & Sons Inc., Newyork.
- BIRDWHISTELL, R. (1970). Kinesics and Context, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
- BOZKURT, I. (2004). Iletisim Odaklı Pazarlama, MediaCat Akademi, Istanbul.
- COATES, G.T. (2009). Notes on Communication: A Few Thoughts about the Way We Interact With the People We Meet. Free e-book from www.wanterfall.com
- CATI, K., KOCOGLU, C. M. ve GELIBOLU, L. (2010). Musteri Beklentileri ve Musteri Sadakati Arasindaki Iliski: Bes Yildizli Bir Otel Ornegi (The Relations Between the Customer Expectations and the Customer Loyalty: An Example of a Five Star Hotel), C.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt 19, Sayi 1, 2010, Sayfa 429–446.
- DEFAZIO, V.J. (2003, May). Customer Service Leadership Skills and Customer Relationship Management, University of Phoenix.
- DEMARAIS, A. and WHITE, V. (2005) First Impressions: What You Don’t Know About How Others See You. New York: Bantam.
- DEMO, G., & ROZZETT, K. (2013). Customer Relationship Management Scale for the Business-to-Consumer Market: Exploratory and Confirmatory Validation and Models Comparison. International Business Research, 6(11), 29-42. DOI:10.5539/ibr.v6n11p29.
- EDMONS, W. A. and KENNEDY, T. D. (2017). An Applied Guide to Research Designs: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods, SAGE Publications, California.
- FLAMBARD-RUAUD, S. (2005, July-September). Relationship Marketting in Emerging Economies: Some Lessons For the Future, Vikalpa, Vol. 30, No. 3.
- GOMAN, C.K. (2015). İşyerinde Beden Dili: İş yaşamında sözsüz dili çözme kılavuzu, Çev.: Emel Lakşe, Alfa yayınları, İstanbul.
- GREMLER, D. D., and GWINNER, K. P. (2000). Customer-employee Rapport in Service Relationships, Journal of Services Research, 3(1), 82–104.
- HALL, E.T. (1959). The Silent Language, Doubleday, New York.
- HALL, J. A. (1978). Gender Effects in Decoding Nonverbal cues. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 845–857.
- HALL, J. A. (1984). Nonverbal Sex Differences: Communication Accuracy and Expressive Style. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
- HALL, J. A., Murphy, N. A., & Schmid Mast, M. (2006). Recall of Nonverbal Cues: Exploring a New Definition of Interpersonal Sensitivity. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 30, 141–155.
- HALL, J. A., and Andrzejewski, S. A. (2008). Who Draws Accurate First Impressions? Personality Correlates of Sensitivity to Nonverbal cues. In N. Ambady & J. J. Skowronski (Eds.), First Impressions. New York: Guilford.
- HARRISON, S. (2018). The Impulse to Gesture, Cambridge University Press, UK.
- HORGAN, T. G., SCHMID MAST, M., HALL, J. A., and CARTER, J. D. (2004). Gender Differences in Memory for the Appearance of Others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 185–196.
- KIRIM, A. (2012). Strateji ve Bire-bir Pazarlama CRM (Strategy and One-to-One Marketing CRM) , Istanbul: Sistem Yayincilik.
- KIM, J.O. and MUELLER, C.W. (1978). Introduction to Factor Analysis, Beverly Hills: Sage.
- KUEH, S., BAGUL, A. H. B. P. (2013) The Effects of Nonverbal Communication of Hotel Employees upon Emotional Responses of Hotel Guests, RACST- International Journal of Research in Management & Technology (IJRMT), ISSN: 2249-9563 Vol. 3, No.4.
- LIKERT, R. (1932). A Technique for the Measurement of Attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 140, 1–55.
- LO, A.S., STALCUP, L.D. and LEE,A. (2010). Customer Relationship Management for Hotels in Hong Kong, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol.2, No.2, pp. 139–159.
- MCCLURE, E. B. (2000). A Meta-analytic Review of Sex Differences in Facial Expression Processing and Their Development in Infants, Children, and Adolescents. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 424–453.
- MEHRABIAN, A. (1971). Silent Messages, Belmont California: Wadsworth Publishing Company Inc.
- MOHAMMED, A.A. and RASHID, B.B. (2012). Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in Hotel Industry: A Framework Proposal on the Relationship among CRM Dimensions, Marketing Capabilities and Hotel Performance, International Review of Management and Marketing, Vol.2, No.4, pp. 220–230.
- MOJIBI, T. ve BOUSARI, N.B. (2014, July). The Correlation between Culture of Consistency and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in Asia Insurance Company of Gilan Province, Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, Vol.6, No.3, pp.51–60.
- NEULIEP, J.W (2009). Intercultural Communication: A contextual approach, (4th ed.), LA: Sage Publications.
- PEPPERS, D. ve ROGERS, M. (2013). Müşteri İlişkileri Yönetimi (Customer Relationship Management), İstanbul: Optimist Yayım Dağıtım.
- ROODPISHI, M.V. and RODPYSH, K.V. (2013, October). Relationship Between Qualities of Worklife of Employees Crescent Province to Improve Customer Relationship Management, Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, Vol.5, No.6.
- ROSENTHAL, R.. ARCHER, D.. KOIVUMAKI, J.H.. DIMATTEE. M R., and ROGERS. D.L. (1974). Assessing Sensitivity to Nonverbal Communication: The PONS Test. Division 8 Newsletter of the Division of Personality and Social Psychology of the American Psychological Association, 1-3.
- ROSENTHAL, R., and DEPAULO, B. M. (1979). Sex Differences in Eavesdropping on Nonverbal cues. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 273–285.
- TAIWO, A. S. and KOLA, O. (2013). Executing a Customer Relationship Management Programme in an Emerging Market: An Emprical Approach, Change and Leadership, No. 17, pp. 46–54.
- UNUVAR, S. (2009). Kisilerarasi İletisimin Konaklama Isletmelerindeki Onemi ve Bes Yildizli Otellerde Bir Uygulama (The Importance of Interpersonal Relatonship in Accomodation Enterprises and An Application in Five Star Hotels), Sosyal Ekonomik Arastirmalar Dergisi Arsiv Cilt, Sayi 18, Sayfalar 375 – 394.