Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

POSTAGE STAMPS AS AN ARCIVED MEMORY AND ITS SOCIO-CULTURAL FUNCTION: NORTH CYPRUS EXAMPLE - ARŞİVLENEN BELLEK OLARAK POSTA PULLARI VE SOSYO-KÜLTÜREL İŞLEVLERİ: KUZEY KIBRIS ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 391 - 412, 30.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.691464

Öz

Although the use of postage stamps in the first half of the 19th century was accepted as a document indicating that the postage was paid, postage stamps became widespread in the form of simulations of history, including simple paintings and drawings. The lack of studies on the postage stamps and their representation in Cyprus, this study prepared between 1970-1998 postage stamps were analyzed by using the code of the Sixteen Thematic Categories of Stamps of Raento and Brunn (2005). For this purpose, 418 postage stamps determined by the purposive sampling method. It was revealed that stamps of nature-themed and art-themed postage stamps were used extensively between 1970 and 1998 for the purpose of introducing and promoting the Cypriot society and the republic. With the presentations on postage stamps, it is important to emphasize the state visits between the TRNC and the TC and to be integrated with the world. In this study, the formation of Turkish Cypriot community come to the fore in the rate of political messages and ideologies containing propaganda in postage stamps.

Kaynakça

  • Assmann, A. (2006). Memory, individual and collective. The Oxford handbook of contextual political analysis, 9, 210-226.
  • Banks, M. (2001). Visual Methods in Social Research. Sage, London.
  • Brunn S.D. and Yanarella E., (1987). Towards a humanistic political geography. Studies in Comparative International Development 22:(2) 3 49.
  • Brunn S.D. and Jones J.A., (1994). Geopolitical information and communication in shrinking and expanding worlds. In: Demko G.J. and Wood W.B. (eds), Reordering the World: Geopolitical Perspectives on the 21st Century. pp. 301–322. Westview Press, Boulder.
  • Brunn S.D., Baker J. and Cottle C., (1996). Small states’ worldviews and ‘windows’ on the world: UN 50th anniversary speeches and ‘official’ WWW home pages. Paper presented at Eighth International Conference on the Advancement of Socio-Economics, University of Geneva, July.
  • Brunn, S.D. (2000).‘Stamps as iconography: Celebrating the independence of new European and Central Asian states’, GeoJournal, 52: 315–323.
  • Child, J. (2005). The politics and semiotics of the smallest icons of popular culture: Latin American postage stamps. Latin American Research Review, 108-137.
  • Conway, M. A., & Pleydell-Pearce, C. W. (2000). The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system. Psychological review, 107(2), 261.
  • Davis, B. (1985). "Maps on Postage Stamps as Propaganda". The Cartographic Journal, 22(2), s.125-130.
  • Deans, P., and Dobson H. (2005). "Introduction: East Asian Postage Stampsas Socio-Political Artefacts". East Asia, 22(2), 3-7.
  • Dobson, H. (2002). Japanese Postage Stamps: Propaganda and Decision Making. In Japan Forum (Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 21-39). Taylor & Francis.
  • Goin, P. (2001). ‘Visual literacy’, in DELYSER, D. and STARRS, P.F. (eds): Doing Fieldwork, Geographical Review, 91 (Special Issue): 363–369.
  • Halbwachs, M. (1992). On collective memory. University of Chicago Press.
  • Hoelscher, S., & Alderman, D. H. (2004). Memory and place: geographies of a critical relationship. Social & Cultural Geography, 5(3), 347-355.
  • Klamár, R., Slivková, S., Javor, M., & Brunn, S. D. (2018). Stamps of Czechoslovakia (1983–1992) and Slovak and Czech Republics (1993–2002): juxtaposing fragmentation and integration theory. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 100(4), 377-395.
  • Lauritzen, F. (1988). ‘Propaganda art in the postage stamps of the Third Reich’, Journal of Decorative and Propaganda Arts, 10: 62–79.
  • Lutz, C. and Collins, J.L. (1993). Reading National Geographic. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  • Matsuda, M. K., & Matsuda, M. K. (1996). The memory of the modern. Oxford University Press on Demand.
  • Nuessel, F. and Cicogna, C. (1992). ‘Postage stamps as pedagogical instruments in the Italian curriculum’, Italica, 69: 210–227. Olick, J. K., & Robbins, J. (1998). Social memory studies: From “collective memory” to the historical sociology of mnemonic practices. Annual Review of sociology, 24(1), 105-140.
  • Pierce, P. R., & Zilka, A. M. (1996). U.S. Patent No. 5,584,017. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  • Raento, P. (2004). ‘Where East meets West: International references on Finnish postage stamps, 1917–2001’. Paper presented at the international workshop ‘Apolitical? East Asian Postage Stamps as Socio-Political Artefacts,’ University of Sheffield, UK, 13–14 August.
  • Raento, P., & Brunn, S. D. (2005). Visualizing Finland: Postage stamps as political messengers. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 87(2), 145-164.
  • Raento, P. (2006). Communicating geopolitics through postage stamps: the case of Finland. Geopolitics, 11(4), 601-629.
  • Raento, P. (2016). A Geopolitics of the Horse in Finland. Geopolitics, 21(4), 945-968.
  • Reid, D.M. (1984). ‘The symbolism of postage stamps: A source of historians’, Journal of Contemporary History, 19: 223–249.
  • Reid, D. M. (1993). "The Postage Stamp: A Windowon Saddam Hussein's Iraq". Middle East Journal, 47(1), s.77-89.
  • Rose, G. (1996). ‘Teaching visualized geographies: Towards a methodology for the interpretation of visual materials’, Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 20: 281–294.
  • Rose, G. (2001). Visual Methodologies. An Introduction to the Interpretation of Visual Materials. Sage, London.
  • Scott, D. (1995). European Stamp Design: A Semiotic Approach to Designing Messages. Academy Editions, London.
  • Scott, D. (2002). ‘The semiotics of the lieu de mémoire: The postage stamp as a site of cultural memory’, Semiotica, 142: 107–124.
  • Scott, D. (2004). ‘The politics and semiotics of postage stamp design. Paper presented at the international workshop ‘Apolitical? East Asian Postage Stamps as Socio-Political Artefacts,’ University of Sheffield, UK, 13–14 August.
  • Steiner, L., & Zelizer, B. (1995). Competing memories: Reading the past against the grain: The shape of memory studies.
  • Sturken, M. and Cartwright, L. (2001). Practices of Looking. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • Van Leeuwen, T., & Jewitt, C. (Eds.). (2001). The handbook of visual analysis. Sage.
  • Wang, Z. (2008). National humiliation, history education, and the politics of historical memory: Patriotic education campaign in China. International Studies Quarterly, 52(4), 783-806.
  • Yates, A. J. (1966). Psychological deficit. Annual review of psychology, 17(1), 111-144.

ARŞİVLENEN BELLEK OLARAK POSTA PULLARI VE SOSYO-KÜLTÜREL İŞLEVLERİ: KUZEY KIBRIS ÖRNEĞİ - POSTAGE STAMPS AS AN ARCIVED MEMORY AND ITS SOCIO-CULTURAL FUNCTION: NORTH CYPRUS EXAMPLE

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 391 - 412, 30.07.2020
https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.691464

Öz

19. yüzyılın ilk yarısında posta pullarının kullanımı, posta ücretinin ödendiğini gösteren belge olarak kabul edilmiş olsa da zamanla posta pulları tarihin simülasyonları olarak basit resimler ve çizimler içeren etiketler şeklinde yaygınlık kazanmıştır. Kıbrıs özelinde pullar ve onların temsiliyeti üzerine yapılan çalışmaların bulunmaması sebebiyle bu çalışmada 1970-1998 yılları arasında hazırlanan pulların incelenmesi Raento ve Brunn’un (2005) Sixteen Thematic Categories of Stamps kodlama cetveli kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, çalışma kapsamında amaçlı örneklem metodu ile belirlenen 418 pul incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular çerçevesinde, 1970-1998 yıllarında Kıbrıs toplumu ve cumhuriyetin tanıtımı amacıyla doğa ve sanat temalı posta pullarının basımının öne çıktığı görülmüştür. Bunun yanında söz konusu tarih aralığında posta pullarında KKTC ve TC arasındaki resmi ziyaretlerin anısına basılan pullar da dikkat çekmektedir. Bu bağlamda dünya futbol organizasyonları ve olimpiyatları için hazırlanan posta pullarının oldukça yaygın kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Aynı zamanda posta pullarının ülkelerin doğasını ve sağlık gibi temalarını tanıtım amacıyla basıldıklarını da söylenebilir. Bütün bunlara ilaveten tarihi mekanların, çiçek türlerinin ve hayvanların, resmi kuruluşların anısına da posta pullarının yayınlandığını görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada posta pullarında ideoloji ve propaganda yerine Kıbrıs Türk toplumunun oluşumu ve dünyaya entegre olması üzerinde yoğunlaşıldığı görülmüştür.

Kaynakça

  • Assmann, A. (2006). Memory, individual and collective. The Oxford handbook of contextual political analysis, 9, 210-226.
  • Banks, M. (2001). Visual Methods in Social Research. Sage, London.
  • Brunn S.D. and Yanarella E., (1987). Towards a humanistic political geography. Studies in Comparative International Development 22:(2) 3 49.
  • Brunn S.D. and Jones J.A., (1994). Geopolitical information and communication in shrinking and expanding worlds. In: Demko G.J. and Wood W.B. (eds), Reordering the World: Geopolitical Perspectives on the 21st Century. pp. 301–322. Westview Press, Boulder.
  • Brunn S.D., Baker J. and Cottle C., (1996). Small states’ worldviews and ‘windows’ on the world: UN 50th anniversary speeches and ‘official’ WWW home pages. Paper presented at Eighth International Conference on the Advancement of Socio-Economics, University of Geneva, July.
  • Brunn, S.D. (2000).‘Stamps as iconography: Celebrating the independence of new European and Central Asian states’, GeoJournal, 52: 315–323.
  • Child, J. (2005). The politics and semiotics of the smallest icons of popular culture: Latin American postage stamps. Latin American Research Review, 108-137.
  • Conway, M. A., & Pleydell-Pearce, C. W. (2000). The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system. Psychological review, 107(2), 261.
  • Davis, B. (1985). "Maps on Postage Stamps as Propaganda". The Cartographic Journal, 22(2), s.125-130.
  • Deans, P., and Dobson H. (2005). "Introduction: East Asian Postage Stampsas Socio-Political Artefacts". East Asia, 22(2), 3-7.
  • Dobson, H. (2002). Japanese Postage Stamps: Propaganda and Decision Making. In Japan Forum (Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 21-39). Taylor & Francis.
  • Goin, P. (2001). ‘Visual literacy’, in DELYSER, D. and STARRS, P.F. (eds): Doing Fieldwork, Geographical Review, 91 (Special Issue): 363–369.
  • Halbwachs, M. (1992). On collective memory. University of Chicago Press.
  • Hoelscher, S., & Alderman, D. H. (2004). Memory and place: geographies of a critical relationship. Social & Cultural Geography, 5(3), 347-355.
  • Klamár, R., Slivková, S., Javor, M., & Brunn, S. D. (2018). Stamps of Czechoslovakia (1983–1992) and Slovak and Czech Republics (1993–2002): juxtaposing fragmentation and integration theory. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 100(4), 377-395.
  • Lauritzen, F. (1988). ‘Propaganda art in the postage stamps of the Third Reich’, Journal of Decorative and Propaganda Arts, 10: 62–79.
  • Lutz, C. and Collins, J.L. (1993). Reading National Geographic. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  • Matsuda, M. K., & Matsuda, M. K. (1996). The memory of the modern. Oxford University Press on Demand.
  • Nuessel, F. and Cicogna, C. (1992). ‘Postage stamps as pedagogical instruments in the Italian curriculum’, Italica, 69: 210–227. Olick, J. K., & Robbins, J. (1998). Social memory studies: From “collective memory” to the historical sociology of mnemonic practices. Annual Review of sociology, 24(1), 105-140.
  • Pierce, P. R., & Zilka, A. M. (1996). U.S. Patent No. 5,584,017. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  • Raento, P. (2004). ‘Where East meets West: International references on Finnish postage stamps, 1917–2001’. Paper presented at the international workshop ‘Apolitical? East Asian Postage Stamps as Socio-Political Artefacts,’ University of Sheffield, UK, 13–14 August.
  • Raento, P., & Brunn, S. D. (2005). Visualizing Finland: Postage stamps as political messengers. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 87(2), 145-164.
  • Raento, P. (2006). Communicating geopolitics through postage stamps: the case of Finland. Geopolitics, 11(4), 601-629.
  • Raento, P. (2016). A Geopolitics of the Horse in Finland. Geopolitics, 21(4), 945-968.
  • Reid, D.M. (1984). ‘The symbolism of postage stamps: A source of historians’, Journal of Contemporary History, 19: 223–249.
  • Reid, D. M. (1993). "The Postage Stamp: A Windowon Saddam Hussein's Iraq". Middle East Journal, 47(1), s.77-89.
  • Rose, G. (1996). ‘Teaching visualized geographies: Towards a methodology for the interpretation of visual materials’, Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 20: 281–294.
  • Rose, G. (2001). Visual Methodologies. An Introduction to the Interpretation of Visual Materials. Sage, London.
  • Scott, D. (1995). European Stamp Design: A Semiotic Approach to Designing Messages. Academy Editions, London.
  • Scott, D. (2002). ‘The semiotics of the lieu de mémoire: The postage stamp as a site of cultural memory’, Semiotica, 142: 107–124.
  • Scott, D. (2004). ‘The politics and semiotics of postage stamp design. Paper presented at the international workshop ‘Apolitical? East Asian Postage Stamps as Socio-Political Artefacts,’ University of Sheffield, UK, 13–14 August.
  • Steiner, L., & Zelizer, B. (1995). Competing memories: Reading the past against the grain: The shape of memory studies.
  • Sturken, M. and Cartwright, L. (2001). Practices of Looking. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • Van Leeuwen, T., & Jewitt, C. (Eds.). (2001). The handbook of visual analysis. Sage.
  • Wang, Z. (2008). National humiliation, history education, and the politics of historical memory: Patriotic education campaign in China. International Studies Quarterly, 52(4), 783-806.
  • Yates, A. J. (1966). Psychological deficit. Annual review of psychology, 17(1), 111-144.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Dilan Cıftcı 0000-0003-3806-3915

Orhan Çiftçi Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-2217-2781

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Şubat 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Cıftcı, D., & Çiftçi, O. (2020). ARŞİVLENEN BELLEK OLARAK POSTA PULLARI VE SOSYO-KÜLTÜREL İŞLEVLERİ: KUZEY KIBRIS ÖRNEĞİ - POSTAGE STAMPS AS AN ARCIVED MEMORY AND ITS SOCIO-CULTURAL FUNCTION: NORTH CYPRUS EXAMPLE. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), 391-412. https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.691464