ULUSLARARASI TİCARETİN GELİR EŞİTSİZLİĞİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: ÇOK BOYUTLU PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 1920 - 1937, 29.11.2022

Abdullah Takım Sena Gültekin

https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1035237

Öz

Gelir eşitsizliğinin azaltılması ekonomi politikalarının öncelikli amaçlarından biridir. Ekonomik büyüme, dış ticaret, enflasyon, istihdam vb. makro ekonomik göstergelerde belirli dönemlerde iyileşme sağlanmış olsa bile uygulanan ekonomik model ve gelişmişlik düzeyi ne olursa olsun küresel düzeyde gelir eşitsizliği azalmak bir yana politik, sosyal, demografik, etik ve ekonomik bir sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu önemi dolayısıyla gelir eşitsizliğine neden olan makroekonomik faktörlerin detaylı bir şekilde ortaya konulması büyük önem arz etmektedir. Gelir eşitsizliği ile ilgili önemli bir literatür oluşmasına rağmen uluslararası ticaretle olan ilişkisini inceleyen çalışmalar çok fazla değildir. Literatürde sınırlı sayıda yapılan çalışmalar genelde uluslararası ticaretin gelir eşitsizliği üzerindeki etkilerini incelerken bu çalışmada diğerlerinden farklı olarak uluslararası ticareti oluşturan ihracatın ve ithalatın gelir eşitsizliği üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında 1995-2017 döneminde Dünya Bankasının kişi başına düşen geliri dikkate alarak yaptığı sınıflandırmaya göre, düşük, düşük orta, yüksek orta ve yüksek gelirli 69 ülke incelenmiştir. İki farklı model kullanılarak uygulanan analiz sonuçlarına göre, ticari açıklık ve ithalat gelir eşitsizliğini azaltırken, ihracatın gelir eşitsizliğini artırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ticari Açıklık, Gelir Eşitsizliği, Çok Boyutlu Panel Veri Analizi

THE EFFECT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE ON INCOME INEQUALITY: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL PANEL DATA ANALYSIS

Öz

Reducing income inequality is one of the primary objectives of economic policies. Even if macroeconomic indicators such as economic growth, foreign trade, inflation, employment have improved in certain periods, regardless of the economic model applied and the level of development, income inequality at the global level, aside from decreasing, continues to be a political, social, demographic, ethical and economic problem. Because of this importance of income inequality, it is of great importance to reveal the macroeconomic factors that cause income inequality in detail. Although there is an important literature on income inequality, there are not many studies examining its relationship with international trade. While a few studies in the literature generally examine the effects of international trade on income inequality, this study, unlike others, investigates the effects of exports and imports, which constitute international trade, on income inequality. Within the scope of the study, 69 low, lower-middle, upper-middle and high income countries were examined according to the classification made by the World Bank, taking into account per capita income in the period 1995-2017. According to the results of the analysis applied using two different models, it has been concluded that, while trade openness and imports reduce income inequality, exports increase income inequality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Trade Openness, Income Inequality, Multidimensional Panel Data Analysis.

Kaynakça

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