Research Article
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ASSESSMENT OF GLOBAL SCRAP IRON TRADE RELATIONS USING SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS METHOD

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 158 - 182, 29.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1097376

Abstract

The fact that the world's scarce resources will one day run out leads countries to use these resources more efficiently. Due to the high energy and resource consumption during the extraction and processing of iron ore from the soil, the trade of scrap iron has gained importance in recent years. In this study, it is aimed to examine the international scrap iron trade relations. With the social network analysis method, trade relations in this field were revealed and the prestigious countries of the network were determined and evaluations were made. As a result of the analysis, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium in 2010; In 2020, it has been observed that Turkey, the USA and the Netherlands are the most central countries in the network. Turkey is the country with the most inbound connections of the network in both 2010 and 2020. This situation makes the country the most important export market. The USA and Germany are the countries with the most outgoing connections and are the most important suppliers in the scrap iron trade.

References

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  • Dworak, S., ve Fellner, J. (2021). Steel scrap generation in the EU-28 since 1946–Sources and composition. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 173, 105692.
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  • IEEFA. (2021). New From Old: The Global Potential for More Scrap Steel Recycling. 30.01.2023 tarihinde https://ieefa.org/sites/default/files/resources/The-Global-Potential-for-More-Scrap-Steel-Recycling-December-2021-2.pdf adresinden alındı.
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  • Pacini, H., Shi, G., Sanches-Pereira, A., ve da Silva Filho, A. C. (2021). Network analysis of international trade in plastic scrap. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 203-216.
  • Ruhnau, B. (2000). Eigenvector-centrality—a node-centrality?. Social networks, 22(4), 357-365.
  • Sawyer, J. W. (2017). Automotive scrap recycling: Processes, prices, and prospects. Routledge.
  • Spoerl, J. S. (2004). A brief history of iron and steel production. The Industrial Revolution in England. 10.11.2021 tarihinde https://web.archive.org/web/20160421065413/http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/dbanach/h-carnegie-steel.htm adresinden alındı.
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  • Terao, T. (2013). From shipbreaking to ship recycling: relocation of recycling sites and the expansion of international involvement. International Trade in Recyclable and Hazardous Waste in Asia. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Toroczkai, Z. (2005). Complex networks the challenge of interaction topology. Los Alamos Science, 29, 94–109. 10.10.2021 tarihinde https://permalink.lanl.gov/object/tr?what=info:lanl-repo/lareport/LA-UR-04-7345 adresinden alındı.
  • Tunalı, V. (2016). Sosyal ağ analizine giriş. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • UN Comtrade Database. (2020). 17.12.2021 tarihinde https://comtradeplus.un.org/TradeFlow?Frequency=A&Flows=X&CommodityCodes=TOTAL&Partners=0&Reporters=all&period=2021&AggregateBy=none&BreakdownMode=plus. adresinden alındı.
  • Us Epa. (2021). Environmental Factoids. 23.12.2021 tarihinde https://archive.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/smm/wastewise/web/html/factoid.html adresinden alındı.
  • Wang, C., Huang, X., Lim, M. K., Tseng, M. L., & Ghadimi, P. (2020). Mapping the structural evolution in the global scrap copper trade network. Journal of Cleaner Production, 275, 122934.
  • Wübbeke, J., ve Heroth, T. (2014). Challenges and political solutions for steel recycling in China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 87, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.03.004
  • World Steel Association. (2018). Steel Facts. 23.12.2021 tarihinde https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Steel-Statistical-Yearbook-2018.pdf
  • World Steel Association. (2020). Steel Statistical Yearbook 2020. 16.12.2021 tarihinde https://worldsteel.org/steel-by-topic/statistics/annual-production-steel-data/ adresinden alındı

KÜRESEL HURDA DEMİR TİCARETİ İLİŞKİLERİNİN SOSYAL AĞ ANALİZİ YÖNTEMİYLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 158 - 182, 29.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1097376

Abstract

Dünyanın kıt kaynaklarının bir gün tükeneceği gerçeği ülkeleri bu kaynakları daha verimli kullanmaya yöneltmektedir. Demir cevherinin topraktan çıkartılması ve işlenmesi esnasında oldukça yüksek enerji ve kaynak sarfiyatı oluşması sebebiyle son yıllarda hurda demir ticareti önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada uluslararası hurda demir ticaret ilişkilerinin incelenmesini amaçlanmıştır. Sosyal Ağ Analizi yöntemiyle bu alandaki ticaret ilişkileri ortaya konulmuş ve ağın prestij sahibi ülkeleri tespit edilerek değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda 2010 yılında Almanya, Hollanda ve Belçika; 2020 yılında ise Türkiye, ABD ve Hollanda’nın ağda en merkezi ülkeler olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Türkiye hem 2010 hem de 2020 yıllarında ağın en çok gelen bağlantıya sahip ülkesidir. Bu durum ülkeyi en önemli ihracat pazarı konumuna getirmektedir. ABD ve Almanya ise giden bağlantısı en fazla olan ülkeler olup hurda demir ticaretinde en önemli malzeme tedarikçilerdir.

References

  • BMUV, (2023). Waste Policy, 24.01.2023 tarihinde https://www.bmuv.de/en/topics/water-resources-waste/circular-economy/waste-policy adresinden alındı.
  • Bureau of International Recycling. (2020). (rap.). World steel recycling in figures 2016 – 2020. Bir Global Facts & Figures. 16.11.2021 tarihinde https://www.bir.org/publications/facts-figures/download/821/175/36?method=view adresinden alındı.
  • Çelik, Ş. (2021). Sosyal ağ anali̇zi̇ ve bir uygulaması. Journal of Original Studies, 2(1), 29–41. https://doi.org/10.47243/jos.2.1.04
  • Davis, J., Geyer, R., Ley, J., He, J., Clift, R., Kwan, A., ... ve Jackson, T. (2007). Time-dependent material flow analysis of iron and steel in the UK: Part 2. Scrap generation and recycling. Resources, conservation and recycling, 51(1), 118-140.
  • Dworak, S., ve Fellner, J. (2021). Steel scrap generation in the EU-28 since 1946–Sources and composition. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 173, 105692.
  • Earth 911. (2021). How to recycle scrap metal. 24.12.2021 tarihinde https://earth911.com/recycling-guide/how-to-recycle-metal/ adresinden alındı.
  • Erkekoğlu, H., ve Yılmaz, B. (2020). OECD ülkeleri̇ni̇n grup içi ti̇cari̇ i̇li̇şki̇leri̇ni̇n ağ anali̇zi̇ i̇le değerlendirilmesi. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (19. Uluslararası İşletmecilik Kongresi Özel Sayısı), 321–344. https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.846530
  • Estrada, E. (2015). Introduction to complex networks: Structure and Dynamics. In J. Banasiak ve M. Mokhtar-Kharroubi (Eds.), Evolutionary equations with applications in Natural Sciences (C. 2126, ss. 99–131). essay, Springer, Cham, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11322-7_3.
  • Fenton, M. D. (2002). Minerals yearbook, volume I, metals and minerals. Minerals Yearbook. 18.11.2021 tarihinde https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70048194 adresinden alındı.
  • Gürsakal, N. (2009). Sosyal ağ analizi: Pajek Ucinet ve Gmine uygulamalı. Dora Yayınları.
  • IEEFA. (2021). New From Old: The Global Potential for More Scrap Steel Recycling. 30.01.2023 tarihinde https://ieefa.org/sites/default/files/resources/The-Global-Potential-for-More-Scrap-Steel-Recycling-December-2021-2.pdf adresinden alındı.
  • Ma, Y., Wang, M., ve Li, X. (2022). Analysis of the characteristics and stability of the global complex nickel ore trade network. Resources Policy, 79, 103089.
  • Medaglia, J. D. ve Bassett, D. S. (2017). Network analyses and nervous system disorders, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
  • Ohimain, E. I. (2013). Scrap iron and steel recycling in Nigeria. Greener Journal of Environmental management and public safety, 2(1), 1-9.
  • Pacini, H., Shi, G., Sanches-Pereira, A., ve da Silva Filho, A. C. (2021). Network analysis of international trade in plastic scrap. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 203-216.
  • Ruhnau, B. (2000). Eigenvector-centrality—a node-centrality?. Social networks, 22(4), 357-365.
  • Sawyer, J. W. (2017). Automotive scrap recycling: Processes, prices, and prospects. Routledge.
  • Spoerl, J. S. (2004). A brief history of iron and steel production. The Industrial Revolution in England. 10.11.2021 tarihinde https://web.archive.org/web/20160421065413/http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/dbanach/h-carnegie-steel.htm adresinden alındı.
  • Yavuzaslan, K. ve Soyyiğit, S. (2019). Türkiye ve Rusya Arasındaki Ticari İlişkilerin Kompleks Ağ Yaklaşımı ile Sektör Bazlı Analizi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (18), 401-433. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/igdirsosbilder/issue/66824/1045210 adresinden alındı.
  • Terao, T. (2013). From shipbreaking to ship recycling: relocation of recycling sites and the expansion of international involvement. International Trade in Recyclable and Hazardous Waste in Asia. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Toroczkai, Z. (2005). Complex networks the challenge of interaction topology. Los Alamos Science, 29, 94–109. 10.10.2021 tarihinde https://permalink.lanl.gov/object/tr?what=info:lanl-repo/lareport/LA-UR-04-7345 adresinden alındı.
  • Tunalı, V. (2016). Sosyal ağ analizine giriş. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • UN Comtrade Database. (2020). 17.12.2021 tarihinde https://comtradeplus.un.org/TradeFlow?Frequency=A&Flows=X&CommodityCodes=TOTAL&Partners=0&Reporters=all&period=2021&AggregateBy=none&BreakdownMode=plus. adresinden alındı.
  • Us Epa. (2021). Environmental Factoids. 23.12.2021 tarihinde https://archive.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/smm/wastewise/web/html/factoid.html adresinden alındı.
  • Wang, C., Huang, X., Lim, M. K., Tseng, M. L., & Ghadimi, P. (2020). Mapping the structural evolution in the global scrap copper trade network. Journal of Cleaner Production, 275, 122934.
  • Wübbeke, J., ve Heroth, T. (2014). Challenges and political solutions for steel recycling in China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 87, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.03.004
  • World Steel Association. (2018). Steel Facts. 23.12.2021 tarihinde https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Steel-Statistical-Yearbook-2018.pdf
  • World Steel Association. (2020). Steel Statistical Yearbook 2020. 16.12.2021 tarihinde https://worldsteel.org/steel-by-topic/statistics/annual-production-steel-data/ adresinden alındı
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Behiç Çetin 0000-0002-8926-2394

Taner Filiz 0000-0002-2888-9695

Publication Date March 29, 2023
Submission Date April 2, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çetin, B., & Filiz, T. (2023). KÜRESEL HURDA DEMİR TİCARETİ İLİŞKİLERİNİN SOSYAL AĞ ANALİZİ YÖNTEMİYLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty, 10(1), 158-182. https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1097376

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