Exporter Premia, Self‐selection and Learning‐by‐exporting: Evidence from Listed Firms in Türkiye

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 663 - 688, 30.06.2025

Mustafa Güder

https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1606148

Abstract

The prevailing view claims that exporter firms (E) have advantages (exporter premia) over non-exporter firms (NE) in many respects. This study examines whether exporter premiums exist for the Turkish manufacturing industry and analyzes the relationship between firm’s export and productivity. The sample covers the period between 2016:Q3-2023:Q2 and 139 firms listed on BIST. Our dataset consists of firm-based (micro) data. In the study, firstly, statistical comparison is made and it is found that exporter firms are mostly composed of larger firms, employ more employees, have higher productivity and profitability than non-exporters. Secondly, industry-level panel data analyses are applied for econometric model. According to the results of the analyses; exports, real wages and profitability are found to increase firm productivity. Lastly, with the method of Granger Bootstrap panel causality analysis revealed that there are causality relationships both from export to productivity and from productivity to export. Thus, it was concluded that both self-selection and learning-by-exporting effects exist in the Turkish manufacturing industry.

Keywords

Exporter premia , Self‐selection , Learning‐by‐exporting , International trade , Firm heterogeneity , New trade theory

Exporter Premia, Self‐selection and Learning‐by‐exporting: Evidence from Listed Firms in Türkiye

Abstract

The prevailing view claims that exporter firms (E) have advantages (exporter premia) over non-exporter firms (NE) in many respects. This study examines whether exporter premiums exist for the Turkish manufacturing industry and analyses the relationship between firm’s export and productivity. The sample covers the period between 2016:Q3-2023:Q2 and 139 firms listed on Borsa İstanbul. Dataset consists of firm-based (micro) data. In the study, firstly, statistical comparison is made and it is found that exporter firms are mostly composed of larger firms, employ more employees, have higher productivity and profitability than non-exporters. Secondly, industry-level panel data analyses are applied for econometric model. According to the results of the analyses; exports, average wages and profitability are found to increase firm productivity. Lastly, with the method of Granger Bootstrap panel causality analysis revealed that there are causality relationships both from export to productivity and from productivity to export. Thus, it was concluded that both self-selection and learning-by-exporting effects exist in the Turkish manufacturing industry.

Keywords

Exporter premia , Self‐selection , Learning‐by‐exporting , Firm heterogeneity , New trade theory , Bootstrap panel causality

Ethical Statement

Ethics Committee approval was not required for this study. The author declares that the study was conducted in accordance with research and publication ethics. The author confirms that no part of the study was generated, either wholly or in part, using Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools. The author declares that there are no financial conflicts of interest involving any institution, organization, or individual associated with this article. The author affirms that the entire research process was performed by the sole declared author of the study.

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