The effect of influenza vaccine on arterial stiffness in young healthy adults

Abstract

Objective: The arterial wall possesses a complex structure. Over time, arteries lose elasticity and become stiffer due to factors such as aging, chronic diseases, and increased inflammation. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AI) are widely recognized as direct markers of arterial stiffness. Previous studies have suggested a link between seasonal influenza infection and increased cardiovascular mortality. This study aimed to investigate the effects of influenza vaccination on arterial stiffness in healthy young adults. Patients and Methods: The study enrolled participants who received the influenza vaccine according to the latest guidelines. Prior to vaccination, participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess baseline mood and anxiety levels. Arterial stiffness was measured using an oscillometric device. After a 15-day follow-up, HADS assessments and arterial stiffness measurements were repeated. Results: A total of 48 participants were initially enrolled, and 33 who completed the follow-up were included in the final analysis. Statistically significant reductions were observed in systolic blood pressure (p<0.001), mean arterial pressure (p=0.025), pulse pressure (p=0.001), and PWV (p<0.001). No significant changes were found in HADS scores. No major adverse cardiovascular events occurred during the study. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that influenza vaccination may lead to early hemodynamic changes in healthy young adults, independent of psychological stress. Although influenza vaccines have been shown to reduce cardiovascular risk, clinicians should be aware of potential early hemodynamic effects following vaccination.

Keywords

• Arterial stiffness
• PWV
• AI
• Influenza vaccine

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