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Immune mechanisms in chronic viral hepatitis

Yıl 2016, Special Issue :2 Gastroenterology and Hepatology Viral Hepatitis, 2 - 5, 01.08.2016

Öz

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) arethe major causes of chronic liver inflammation worldwide.Although both viruses induce immune-mediated acute andchronic inflammatory liver diseases, the natural history andoutcome of HBV and HCV infections are different. Thisis because of both viruses and host features, like genetic,immunologic and environmental. Hereby, we present theimmune mechanisms and immunopathogenesis involved inchronic viral hepatitis.Keywords: HBV, HCV, Innate immunity, Adaptiveimmunity

Kaynakça

  • Lok AS, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology
  • 34: 1225–41.
  • Ganem D, Prince AM. Hepatitis B virus infection – natural
  • history and clinical consequences. N Engl J Med 2004; 350
  • –29.
  • Guidotti LG, Rochford R,Chung J, Shapiro M, Purcell R
  • Chisari FV. Viral clearance without destruction of infected
  • cells during acute HBV infection. Science 1999; 284: 825–9.
  • Rosenberg W. Mechanisms of immune escape in viral
  • hepatitis. Gut 1999; 44: 759–64.
  • McClary H, Koch R, Chisari FV, Guidotti LG. Relative
  • sensitivity of hepatitis B virus and other hepatotropic viruses
  • to the antiviral effects of cytokines. J. Virol 2000; 74: 2255–
  • Wieland S F, Guidotti LG,M Chisari FV. Intrahepatic
  • induction of α/β interferon eliminates viral RNA-containing
  • capsids in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice. J. Virol 2000
  • 4165–73.
  • Robek MD, Wieland SF, Chisari FV. Inhibition of hepatitis
  • B virus replication by interferon requires proteasome activity.
  • J. Virol 2002; 76: 3570–4.
  • Kakimi K, Lane E, Chisari FV, Guidotti LG. Inhibition of
  • hepatitis B virus replication by activated NK T cells does not
  • require inflammatory cell recruitment to the liver. J Immunol
  • 167: 6701–5.
  • Baron JL, Gardiner L, Nishimura S, Shinkai K, Locksley
  • R, Ganem D. Activation of a nonclassical NKT cell subset
  • in a transgenic mouse model of hepatitis B virus infection.
  • Immunity 2002; 16: 583–94.
  • Guidotti LG, Ishikawa T, Hobbs MV, Matzke B, Schreiber R
  • Chisari FV. Intracellular inactivation of the hepatitis B virus
  • by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Immunity 1996; 4: 35-6.
  • Guidotti LG, Isogawa M, Chisari FV. Host–virus interactions
  • in hepatitis B virus infection. Current Opinion in Immunology
  • 36: 61–6.
  • Schurich A, Khanna P, Lopes AR, et al. Role of the
  • coinhibitory receptor cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 on
  • apoptosis-Prone CD8 T cells in persistent hepatitis B virus
  • infection. Hepatology 2011; 53: 1494-503.
  • Nebbia G, Peppa D, Schurich A, et al. Upregulation of the
  • Tim-3/galectin-9 pathway of T cell exhaustion in chronic
  • hepatitis B virus infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47648.
  • Ferrari C. HBV and the immune response. Liver Int 2015
  • (Suppl. 1): 121-8.
  • Billerbeck E, Bottler T, Thimme R. Regulatory T cells in
  • viral hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13: 4858-64.
  • Pallett LJ, Gill US, Quaglia A, et al. Metabolic regulation of
  • hepatitis B immunopathology by myeloid-derived suppressor
  • cells. Nat Med 2015; 21: 591-600.
  • Das A, Ellis G, Pallant C, et al. IL-10-producing regulatory B
  • cells in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.J Immunol 2012; 189: 3925-35.
  • Dustin LB, Rice CM. Flying under the radar: The
  • immunobiology of hepatitis C. Ann Rev Immunol 2007; 25
  • -99.
  • Smith DB, Bukh J, Kuiken C, etal. Expanded classification of
  • hepatitis C virus into 7 genotypes and 67 subtypes: updated
  • criteria and genotype as signment web resource. Hepatology
  • 59: 318-27.
  • Helle F, Dubuisson J. Hepatitis C virus entry into host cells.
  • Cell Mol Life Sci 2008; 65: 100-12.
  • Von Hahn T, Rice CM. Hepatitis C virus entry. J Biol Chem
  • 283: 3689-93.
  • Missale G, Bertoni R, Lamonaca V, et al. Different clinical
  • behaviors of acute hepatitis C virus infection are associated
  • with different vigor of the anti-viral cell-mediated immune
  • response. J Clin Invest 1996; 98: 706-14.
  • Tsai SL, Liaw YF, Chen MH, et al. Detection of type 2-like
  • T-helper cells in hepatitis C virus infection: implications for
  • hepatitis C virus chronicity. Hepatology 1997; 25: 449-58.
  • Kaneko T, Moriyama T, Udaka K, et al. Impaired induction
  • of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by antagonism of a weak agonist
  • borne by a variant hepatitis C virus epitope. Eur J Immunol
  • 27: 1782-7.
  • Hoffmann RM, Diepolder HM, Zachoval R, et al. Mapping of
  • immunodominant CD4+ T lymphocyte epitopes of hepatitis
  • C virus antigens and their relevance during the course of
  • chronic infection. Hepatology 1995; 21: 632-8.
  • Diepolder HM, Gerlach JT, Zachoval R, et al.
  • Immunodominant CD4+ T-cell epitope within nonstructural
  • protein 3 in acute hepatitis C virus infection. J Virol 1997
  • 6011–19.
  • Koziel MJ, Walker BD. Characteristics of the intrahepatic
  • cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in chronic hepatitis C virus
  • infection. Springer Semin Immunopathol 1997; 19: 69–83.
  • Wong DK, Dudley DD, Afdhal NH, et al. Liver-derived
  • CTL in hepatitis C virus infection: breadth and specificity
  • of responses in a cohort of persons with chronic infection. J
  • Immunol 1998; 160: 1479–88.
  • Cashman SB, Marsden BD, Dustin LB. The humoral
  • immune response to HCV: understanding is key to vaccine
  • development. Front Immunol. 2014; 5: 550.
  • Rehermann B. Hepatitis C virus versus innate and adaptive
  • immune responses: a tale of coevolution and coexistence. J
  • Clin Invest 2009; 119: 1745-54.
  • Cella M, Jarrossay D, Facchetti F, et al. Plasmacytoid
  • monocytes migrate to inflamed lymph nodes and produce
  • large amounts of type I interferon. Nat Med 1999; 5: 919-23.
  • Khakoo SI, Thio CL, Martin MP, et al. HLA and NK cell
  • inhibitory receptor genes in resolving hepatitis C virus
  • infection. Science 2004; 305: 872-4.
  • Jinushi M, Takehara T, Tatsumi T, et al. Negative regulation of
  • NK cell activities by inhibitory receptor CD94/NKG2Aleads
  • to altered NK cell-induced modulation of dendritic cell
  • functions in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J. Immunol.
  • 173: 6072-81.
  • Shimakami T, Yamane D, Jangra RK, et al. Stabilization of
  • hepatitis C virus RNA by an Ago2-miR-122 complex. Proc
  • Natl Acad Sci USA 2012; 109: 941-6.
  • Chen Y, Chen J, Wang H, et al. HCV-induced miR-21
  • contributes to evasion of host immune system by targeting
  • MyD88 and IRAK1. PloS Pathog 2013; 9: e1003248.
  • Park SH, Rehermann B. Immune response to HCV and other
  • hepatitis viruses. Immunity 2014; 40; 13-24.
  • Heim MH, Thimme R. Innate and adaptive immune responses
  • in HCV infections. J Hepatol 2014; 61:14-25.
  • Mehta SH, Cox A, Hoover DR, et al. Protection against
  • persistence of hepatitis C. Lancet 2002; 359: 1478-83.
  • Abdel-Hakeem MS, Shoukry NH. Protective immunity
  • against hepatitis C many shades

Immune mechanisms in chronic viral hepatitis

Yıl 2016, Special Issue :2 Gastroenterology and Hepatology Viral Hepatitis, 2 - 5, 01.08.2016

Öz

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) arethe major causes of chronic liver inflammation worldwide.Although both viruses induce immune-mediated acute andchronic inflammatory liver diseases, the natural history andoutcome of HBV and HCV infections are different. Thisis because of both viruses and host features, like genetic,immunologic and environmental. Hereby, we present theimmune mechanisms and immunopathogenesis involved inchronic viral hepatitis.Keywords: HBV, HCV, Innate immunity, Adaptiveimmunity

Kaynakça

  • Lok AS, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology
  • 34: 1225–41.
  • Ganem D, Prince AM. Hepatitis B virus infection – natural
  • history and clinical consequences. N Engl J Med 2004; 350
  • –29.
  • Guidotti LG, Rochford R,Chung J, Shapiro M, Purcell R
  • Chisari FV. Viral clearance without destruction of infected
  • cells during acute HBV infection. Science 1999; 284: 825–9.
  • Rosenberg W. Mechanisms of immune escape in viral
  • hepatitis. Gut 1999; 44: 759–64.
  • McClary H, Koch R, Chisari FV, Guidotti LG. Relative
  • sensitivity of hepatitis B virus and other hepatotropic viruses
  • to the antiviral effects of cytokines. J. Virol 2000; 74: 2255–
  • Wieland S F, Guidotti LG,M Chisari FV. Intrahepatic
  • induction of α/β interferon eliminates viral RNA-containing
  • capsids in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice. J. Virol 2000
  • 4165–73.
  • Robek MD, Wieland SF, Chisari FV. Inhibition of hepatitis
  • B virus replication by interferon requires proteasome activity.
  • J. Virol 2002; 76: 3570–4.
  • Kakimi K, Lane E, Chisari FV, Guidotti LG. Inhibition of
  • hepatitis B virus replication by activated NK T cells does not
  • require inflammatory cell recruitment to the liver. J Immunol
  • 167: 6701–5.
  • Baron JL, Gardiner L, Nishimura S, Shinkai K, Locksley
  • R, Ganem D. Activation of a nonclassical NKT cell subset
  • in a transgenic mouse model of hepatitis B virus infection.
  • Immunity 2002; 16: 583–94.
  • Guidotti LG, Ishikawa T, Hobbs MV, Matzke B, Schreiber R
  • Chisari FV. Intracellular inactivation of the hepatitis B virus
  • by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Immunity 1996; 4: 35-6.
  • Guidotti LG, Isogawa M, Chisari FV. Host–virus interactions
  • in hepatitis B virus infection. Current Opinion in Immunology
  • 36: 61–6.
  • Schurich A, Khanna P, Lopes AR, et al. Role of the
  • coinhibitory receptor cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 on
  • apoptosis-Prone CD8 T cells in persistent hepatitis B virus
  • infection. Hepatology 2011; 53: 1494-503.
  • Nebbia G, Peppa D, Schurich A, et al. Upregulation of the
  • Tim-3/galectin-9 pathway of T cell exhaustion in chronic
  • hepatitis B virus infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47648.
  • Ferrari C. HBV and the immune response. Liver Int 2015
  • (Suppl. 1): 121-8.
  • Billerbeck E, Bottler T, Thimme R. Regulatory T cells in
  • viral hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13: 4858-64.
  • Pallett LJ, Gill US, Quaglia A, et al. Metabolic regulation of
  • hepatitis B immunopathology by myeloid-derived suppressor
  • cells. Nat Med 2015; 21: 591-600.
  • Das A, Ellis G, Pallant C, et al. IL-10-producing regulatory B
  • cells in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.J Immunol 2012; 189: 3925-35.
  • Dustin LB, Rice CM. Flying under the radar: The
  • immunobiology of hepatitis C. Ann Rev Immunol 2007; 25
  • -99.
  • Smith DB, Bukh J, Kuiken C, etal. Expanded classification of
  • hepatitis C virus into 7 genotypes and 67 subtypes: updated
  • criteria and genotype as signment web resource. Hepatology
  • 59: 318-27.
  • Helle F, Dubuisson J. Hepatitis C virus entry into host cells.
  • Cell Mol Life Sci 2008; 65: 100-12.
  • Von Hahn T, Rice CM. Hepatitis C virus entry. J Biol Chem
  • 283: 3689-93.
  • Missale G, Bertoni R, Lamonaca V, et al. Different clinical
  • behaviors of acute hepatitis C virus infection are associated
  • with different vigor of the anti-viral cell-mediated immune
  • response. J Clin Invest 1996; 98: 706-14.
  • Tsai SL, Liaw YF, Chen MH, et al. Detection of type 2-like
  • T-helper cells in hepatitis C virus infection: implications for
  • hepatitis C virus chronicity. Hepatology 1997; 25: 449-58.
  • Kaneko T, Moriyama T, Udaka K, et al. Impaired induction
  • of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by antagonism of a weak agonist
  • borne by a variant hepatitis C virus epitope. Eur J Immunol
  • 27: 1782-7.
  • Hoffmann RM, Diepolder HM, Zachoval R, et al. Mapping of
  • immunodominant CD4+ T lymphocyte epitopes of hepatitis
  • C virus antigens and their relevance during the course of
  • chronic infection. Hepatology 1995; 21: 632-8.
  • Diepolder HM, Gerlach JT, Zachoval R, et al.
  • Immunodominant CD4+ T-cell epitope within nonstructural
  • protein 3 in acute hepatitis C virus infection. J Virol 1997
  • 6011–19.
  • Koziel MJ, Walker BD. Characteristics of the intrahepatic
  • cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in chronic hepatitis C virus
  • infection. Springer Semin Immunopathol 1997; 19: 69–83.
  • Wong DK, Dudley DD, Afdhal NH, et al. Liver-derived
  • CTL in hepatitis C virus infection: breadth and specificity
  • of responses in a cohort of persons with chronic infection. J
  • Immunol 1998; 160: 1479–88.
  • Cashman SB, Marsden BD, Dustin LB. The humoral
  • immune response to HCV: understanding is key to vaccine
  • development. Front Immunol. 2014; 5: 550.
  • Rehermann B. Hepatitis C virus versus innate and adaptive
  • immune responses: a tale of coevolution and coexistence. J
  • Clin Invest 2009; 119: 1745-54.
  • Cella M, Jarrossay D, Facchetti F, et al. Plasmacytoid
  • monocytes migrate to inflamed lymph nodes and produce
  • large amounts of type I interferon. Nat Med 1999; 5: 919-23.
  • Khakoo SI, Thio CL, Martin MP, et al. HLA and NK cell
  • inhibitory receptor genes in resolving hepatitis C virus
  • infection. Science 2004; 305: 872-4.
  • Jinushi M, Takehara T, Tatsumi T, et al. Negative regulation of
  • NK cell activities by inhibitory receptor CD94/NKG2Aleads
  • to altered NK cell-induced modulation of dendritic cell
  • functions in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J. Immunol.
  • 173: 6072-81.
  • Shimakami T, Yamane D, Jangra RK, et al. Stabilization of
  • hepatitis C virus RNA by an Ago2-miR-122 complex. Proc
  • Natl Acad Sci USA 2012; 109: 941-6.
  • Chen Y, Chen J, Wang H, et al. HCV-induced miR-21
  • contributes to evasion of host immune system by targeting
  • MyD88 and IRAK1. PloS Pathog 2013; 9: e1003248.
  • Park SH, Rehermann B. Immune response to HCV and other
  • hepatitis viruses. Immunity 2014; 40; 13-24.
  • Heim MH, Thimme R. Innate and adaptive immune responses
  • in HCV infections. J Hepatol 2014; 61:14-25.
  • Mehta SH, Cox A, Hoover DR, et al. Protection against
  • persistence of hepatitis C. Lancet 2002; 359: 1478-83.
  • Abdel-Hakeem MS, Shoukry NH. Protective immunity
  • against hepatitis C many shades
Toplam 118 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Diğer ID JA38MG24DA
Bölüm Reviews
Yazarlar

Filiz Türe Özdemir

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Special Issue :2 Gastroenterology and Hepatology Viral Hepatitis

Kaynak Göster

APA Özdemir, F. T. (2016). Immune mechanisms in chronic viral hepatitis. Marmara Medical Journal, 29(2), 2-5. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.5472/MMJsi.2901.02
AMA Özdemir FT. Immune mechanisms in chronic viral hepatitis. Marmara Med J. Ağustos 2016;29(2):2-5. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5472/MMJsi.2901.02
Chicago Özdemir, Filiz Türe. “Immune Mechanisms in Chronic Viral Hepatitis”. Marmara Medical Journal 29, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2016): 2-5. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.5472/MMJsi.2901.02.
EndNote Özdemir FT (01 Ağustos 2016) Immune mechanisms in chronic viral hepatitis. Marmara Medical Journal 29 2 2–5.
IEEE F. T. Özdemir, “Immune mechanisms in chronic viral hepatitis”, Marmara Med J, c. 29, sy. 2, ss. 2–5, 2016, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5472/MMJsi.2901.02.
ISNAD Özdemir, Filiz Türe. “Immune Mechanisms in Chronic Viral Hepatitis”. Marmara Medical Journal 29/2 (Ağustos 2016), 2-5. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.5472/MMJsi.2901.02.
JAMA Özdemir FT. Immune mechanisms in chronic viral hepatitis. Marmara Med J. 2016;29:2–5.
MLA Özdemir, Filiz Türe. “Immune Mechanisms in Chronic Viral Hepatitis”. Marmara Medical Journal, c. 29, sy. 2, 2016, ss. 2-5, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5472/MMJsi.2901.02.
Vancouver Özdemir FT. Immune mechanisms in chronic viral hepatitis. Marmara Med J. 2016;29(2):2-5.