REANİMASYON HASTALARINDA NOZOKOMİYAL BAKTERİYEMİ ETKENLERİ VE KAN KÜLTÜRLERİNDE ÜREYEN MİKROORGANİZMALAR
Year 2000,
Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 7 - 10, 01.04.2000
İffet Palabıyıkoğlu
J. Sedef Bengisun
Mehmet Oral
Filiz Cansızoğlu
İlkay Baran
Melek Tulunay
References
- 1. Doðanay M. Nozokomiyal sepsis. Önemi ve tanýmlar.
Hastane Ýnfeksiyonlarý Dergisi 1998; 2: 179-81.
- 2. Garner JS, Jarvis WR, Emori TG, Horan TC, Hughes
JM. CDC definitions for nosocomial infections. J Infect Control 1988; 16: 128-40.
- 3. Trilla A. Epidemiology of nosocomial infections in
adult intensive care units. Intensive Care Med 1994;
20: 1-4.
- 4. Vincent JL, Bihari DJ, Suter PM, et al. The prevalence
of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European prevalence of infection
in intensive care (EPIC) study. JAMA 1995; 274(8):
639-44.
- 5. Pittet D, Li N, Woolson RF, Wenzel RP. Microbiological factors influencing the outcome of nosocomial bloodstream infections: A 6-year validated, population-based
model. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24: 1068-78.
- 6. Pittet D, Tarara D, Wenzel RP. Nosocomial bloodstream
infection in critically ill patient: Excess length of stay,
extra costs and attributable mortality. JAMA 1994; 271:
1598-601.
- 7. Maki DG, Weise CE, Sarafin HW. A semiquantitative
culture method for identifying intravenous catheter infection. N Engl J Med 1977; 296: 1305-9.
- 8. Koneman EW, Allen SD, Janda WM, Schreckenberger
PC, Winn WC. Diagnostic microbiology. The
nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli. Philedelphia:
Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1997: 253-320.
- 9. Garner JS, Jarvis WR, Emori TG, Horan TC, Hughes
JM. CDC definitions for nosocomial infections. J Infect
Control 1988; 16: 128-40.
- 10. Gatell M, Trilla A, Latorre X, et al. Nosocomial bacteremia in a large Spanish Teaching Hospital: Analysis of
factors influencing prognosis. Rev Infect Dis 1991; 10:
203-9.
- 11. Steinberg JP, Clack CC, Hackman BO. Nosocomial and
community-acquired Staphylococcus bacteremia from
1980 to 1993: impact of intravascular devices and methicillin resistance. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 23: 255-9.
- 12. Mc Goman JE Jr. Changing etiology of nosocomial bacteremia and fungemia and other hospital-acquired infections. Rev Infect Dis 1985; 7(Suppl 3): 357-70.
- 13. Horan TC, Culver DH, Gaynes RP, et al. Nosocomial
infections in surgical patients in the United States, January1986-June 1992. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol
1993; 14: 73-80.
- 14. Craven DE, Kunches LM, Licthenberg DA, et al. Nosocomial infection and fatality in medical and surgical intensive care unit patients. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148:
1161-8.
- 15. Fontanals D, Sanfeliu I, Immaculada P, Mariscal D,
Torra M. Evaluation of the BacT/Alert and VITAL blood
culture systems for diagnosis of bacteremia. Clin
Microbiol Infect 1998; 4(2): 88-93.
- 16. Uzun Ö, Akalýn HE, Hayran M, Ünal S. Factors influencing prognosis in bacteremia due to gram negative organisms: Evaluation of 448 episodes in a Turkish University Hospital. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 15: 866-73.
- 17. Dornbusch K, King A, Legakis N. The European Study
Group on Antibiotic Resistance (ESGAR). Incidence of
antibiotic resistance in blood and urine isolates from hospitalized patients. Report from a European Collaborative Study. Scand J Infect Dis 1998; 30: 281-8.
- 18. Durmaz G, Bolatlý T, Yýldýz Ü, Akgün Y. 5148 kan
kültürünün retrospektif deðerlendirilmesi. Türk
Mikrobiyol Cem Derg 1993; 23(3): 164-7.
- 19. Tünger A, Özkan F, Ulusoy S, Özer Ö, Özinel MA,
Tokbaþ A. Kan kültürlerinden etken olarak soyutlanan
bakteriler ve antibiyotik duyarlýlýklarý. Klimik Dergisi
1995; 8(2): 71-4.
- 20. Çolak D, Günseren F, Þekercioðlu AO, ve ark. Toplum
ve hastane kaynaklý bakteriyemilerden sýklýkla izole edilen
bakteriler. Hastane Ýnfeksiyonlarý Dergisi 1998; 2: 50-3.
Agents of Nosocomial Bacteremia and Microorganisms Isolated from Blood Cultures in an Intensive Care Unit Patients
Year 2000,
Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 7 - 10, 01.04.2000
İffet Palabıyıkoğlu
J. Sedef Bengisun
Mehmet Oral
Filiz Cansızoğlu
İlkay Baran
Melek Tulunay
Abstract
Objective: Blood-stream infections consist a high proportion of nosocomial infections. Blood cultures and nosocomial bacteremia agents were evaluated in patients hospitalized in our reanimation unit during 1998. Material and Method: A total of 557 blood cultures were observed in automatic culture system BACTEC 9120 (Becton Dickinson, USA) whereas catheter cultures were evaluated according to Maki’s semi-quantita-tive method. Results: Gram negative bacilli constituted 63 % of all nosocomial blood-stream infection agents and 57 % of all microorganisms isolated from blood cultures. Conclusion: As expected in intensive care units, gram negative bacteria were the leading agents of nosocomial bacteremia.
References
- 1. Doðanay M. Nozokomiyal sepsis. Önemi ve tanýmlar.
Hastane Ýnfeksiyonlarý Dergisi 1998; 2: 179-81.
- 2. Garner JS, Jarvis WR, Emori TG, Horan TC, Hughes
JM. CDC definitions for nosocomial infections. J Infect Control 1988; 16: 128-40.
- 3. Trilla A. Epidemiology of nosocomial infections in
adult intensive care units. Intensive Care Med 1994;
20: 1-4.
- 4. Vincent JL, Bihari DJ, Suter PM, et al. The prevalence
of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European prevalence of infection
in intensive care (EPIC) study. JAMA 1995; 274(8):
639-44.
- 5. Pittet D, Li N, Woolson RF, Wenzel RP. Microbiological factors influencing the outcome of nosocomial bloodstream infections: A 6-year validated, population-based
model. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24: 1068-78.
- 6. Pittet D, Tarara D, Wenzel RP. Nosocomial bloodstream
infection in critically ill patient: Excess length of stay,
extra costs and attributable mortality. JAMA 1994; 271:
1598-601.
- 7. Maki DG, Weise CE, Sarafin HW. A semiquantitative
culture method for identifying intravenous catheter infection. N Engl J Med 1977; 296: 1305-9.
- 8. Koneman EW, Allen SD, Janda WM, Schreckenberger
PC, Winn WC. Diagnostic microbiology. The
nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli. Philedelphia:
Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1997: 253-320.
- 9. Garner JS, Jarvis WR, Emori TG, Horan TC, Hughes
JM. CDC definitions for nosocomial infections. J Infect
Control 1988; 16: 128-40.
- 10. Gatell M, Trilla A, Latorre X, et al. Nosocomial bacteremia in a large Spanish Teaching Hospital: Analysis of
factors influencing prognosis. Rev Infect Dis 1991; 10:
203-9.
- 11. Steinberg JP, Clack CC, Hackman BO. Nosocomial and
community-acquired Staphylococcus bacteremia from
1980 to 1993: impact of intravascular devices and methicillin resistance. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 23: 255-9.
- 12. Mc Goman JE Jr. Changing etiology of nosocomial bacteremia and fungemia and other hospital-acquired infections. Rev Infect Dis 1985; 7(Suppl 3): 357-70.
- 13. Horan TC, Culver DH, Gaynes RP, et al. Nosocomial
infections in surgical patients in the United States, January1986-June 1992. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol
1993; 14: 73-80.
- 14. Craven DE, Kunches LM, Licthenberg DA, et al. Nosocomial infection and fatality in medical and surgical intensive care unit patients. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148:
1161-8.
- 15. Fontanals D, Sanfeliu I, Immaculada P, Mariscal D,
Torra M. Evaluation of the BacT/Alert and VITAL blood
culture systems for diagnosis of bacteremia. Clin
Microbiol Infect 1998; 4(2): 88-93.
- 16. Uzun Ö, Akalýn HE, Hayran M, Ünal S. Factors influencing prognosis in bacteremia due to gram negative organisms: Evaluation of 448 episodes in a Turkish University Hospital. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 15: 866-73.
- 17. Dornbusch K, King A, Legakis N. The European Study
Group on Antibiotic Resistance (ESGAR). Incidence of
antibiotic resistance in blood and urine isolates from hospitalized patients. Report from a European Collaborative Study. Scand J Infect Dis 1998; 30: 281-8.
- 18. Durmaz G, Bolatlý T, Yýldýz Ü, Akgün Y. 5148 kan
kültürünün retrospektif deðerlendirilmesi. Türk
Mikrobiyol Cem Derg 1993; 23(3): 164-7.
- 19. Tünger A, Özkan F, Ulusoy S, Özer Ö, Özinel MA,
Tokbaþ A. Kan kültürlerinden etken olarak soyutlanan
bakteriler ve antibiyotik duyarlýlýklarý. Klimik Dergisi
1995; 8(2): 71-4.
- 20. Çolak D, Günseren F, Þekercioðlu AO, ve ark. Toplum
ve hastane kaynaklý bakteriyemilerden sýklýkla izole edilen
bakteriler. Hastane Ýnfeksiyonlarý Dergisi 1998; 2: 50-3.