Ameliorating effects of foliar potassium silicate application on dry beans under salinity stress

Abstract

In recent years, research on reducing salinity stress in plants using potassium silicate (K2SiO3) has been increasing. However, there is no scientific research which shows the positive or negative impacts of this molecule on dry beans in decreasing salinity stress. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the possible effects of foliar K2SiO3 application on dry beans growth and yield in attenuating the adverse effects of salinity. Four different salinity levels of irrigation water (control-0.6 dS m-1, low-1.6 dS m-1, medium-3.0 dS m-1 and high-4.8 dS m-1) and three different foliar K2SiO3 application doses (0, 2 and 4 mM) were tested simultaneously as two different factors. In general, the results showed that the salinity of irrigation water significantly raised soil salinity and drainage water salinity, however it decreased consumption of plant water, efficiency of water use and growth and yield parameters of dry beans. In addition, a foliar K2SiO3 application had a slightly positive effect on the efficiency of water use, plant height, pod number and dry biological, pod and seed yields. The salinity threshold value was slightly and moderately increased by the 2 and 4 mM K2SiO3 applications, respectively. Overall, the results suggest that foliar K2SiO3 application at the applied concentrations has an insignificant effect in ameliorating the salinity stress tolerance on dry beans.

Keywords

• Dry beans
• Growth
• Salinity stress
• Potassium silicate
• Yield

References

1. Admasie MA, Kurunc A, Cengiz MF (2023) Effects of exogenous selenium application for enhancing salinity stress tolerance in dry bean. Scientia Horticulturae 320: 112238 (12 p).
2. Ayers RS, Westcot DW (1985) Water Quality for Agriculture - FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 29. Rome: FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
3. Bybordi A (2016) Influence of zeolite, selenium and silicon upon some agronomic and physiologic characteristics of canola grown under salinity. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 47(7): 832-850.
4. Bybordi A, Saadat S, Zargaripour P (2018) The effect of zeolite, selenium and silicon on qualitative and quantitative traits of onion grown under salinity conditions. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 64(4): 520-530.
5. Cokkizgin A (2012) Salinity stress in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed germination. Notule Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 40(1): 177-182.
6. Coskun D, Britto DT, Huynh WQ, Kronzucker HJ (2016) The role of silicon in higher plants under salinity and drought stress. Frontiers in Plant Science 7(article 1072): 1-7.
7. Das P, Manna I, Sil P, Bandyopadhyay M, Biswas AK (2019) Exogenous silicon alters organic acid production and enzymatic activity of TCA cycle in two NaCl stressed indica rice cultivars. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 136(December 2018): 76-91.
8. Doorenbos J, Kassam A (1986) Yield Response to Water. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 33. Rome: FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

9. Elkoca E, Kantar F (2005) Erkenci ve yüksek verimli iki yeni fasulye çeşidi: Kantar 05 ve Elkoca -05 (Early and high yielding two new bean varieties: Kantar 05 and Elkoca -05.). Türkiye 2. Tohumculuk Kongresi. Adana, Türkiye, pp. 226-229.
10. Esmaeili S, Salehi H, Eshghi S (2015) Silicon ameliorates the adverse effects of salinity on turfgrass growth and development. Journal of Plant Nutrition 38(12): 1885-1901.
11. Garg N, Bhandari P (2016) Silicon nutrition and mycorrhizal inoculations improve growth, nutrient status, K+/Na+ ratio and yield of Cicer arietinum L. genotypes under salinity stress. Plant Growth Regulation 78(3): 371-387.
12. Hancioglu NE, Kurunc A, Tontul I, Topuz A (2019) Irrigation water salinity effects on oregano (Origanum onites L.) water use, yield and quality parameters. Scientia Horticulturae 247: 327-334.
13. Howell T, Cuenca R, Solomon K (1990) Crop yield response. In Hoffman GJ, Howell TA, Soloman KH (eds), Management of Farm Irrigation Systems, 93-122. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural Engineers.
14. Li H, Zhu Y, Hu Y, Han W, Gong H (2015) Beneficial effects of silicon in alleviating salinity stress of tomato seedlings grown under sand culture. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 37(article 71): 1-10.
15. Maas E V., Hoffman GJ (1977) Crop salt tolerance - current assessment. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division 103(2): 115-134.
16. Mahmood S, Daur I, Hussain MB, Nazir Q, Al-Solaimani SG, Ahmad S, Bakhashwain AA, Elsafor AK (2017) Silicon application and rhizobacterial inoculation regulate mung bean response to saline water irrigation. Clean Soil Air Water 45(8): 1-10.
17. Manivannan A, Soundararajan P, Muneer S, Ko CH, Jeong BR (2016) Silicon mitigates salinity stress by regulating the physiology, antioxidant enzyme activities, and protein expression in Capsicum annuum `Bugwang’. BIiomed Research International (article 3076357): 1-14.
18. Osman ME, Mohsen A, Elfeky S, Mohamed W (2017) Response of salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to potassium humate treatment and potassium silicate foliar application. Egyptian Journal of Botany 57(7th International Conf.): 85-102.
19. Ouzounidou G, Giannakoula A, Ilias I, Zamanidis P (2016) Alleviation of drought and salinity stresses on growth, physiology, biochemistry and quality of two Cucumis sativus L. cultivars by Si application. Brazilian Journal of Botany 39(2): 531-539.
20. Oztekin GB, Tuzel Y, Tuzel IH, Tepecik M (2018) Effects of silicon on tomato grown in substrate culture under salinitty stress. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 27(8): 5520-5530.
21. Sapre S, Vakharia D (2017) Silicon induced physiological and biochemical changes under polyethylene glycol- 6000 water deficit stress in wheat seedlings. Journal of Environmental Biology 38(2): 313-319.
22. Savvas D, Giotis D, Chatzieustratiou E, Bakea M, Patakioutas G (2009) Silicon supply in soilless cultivations of zucchini alleviates stress induced by salinity and powdery mildew infections. Environmental and Experimental Botany 65(1): 11-17.
23. Tantawy AS, Salama Y, El-Nemr MA, Abdel-Mawgoud A (2015) Nano silicon application improves salinity tolerance of sweet pepper plants. International Journal of ChemTech Research 8(10): 11-17.
24. Van Bockhaven J, De Vleesschauwer D, Höfte M (2013) Towards establishing broad-spectrum disease resistance in plants: Silicon leads the way. Journal of Experimental Botany 64(5): 1281-1293.
25. Yaghubi K, Ghaderi N, Vafaee Y, Javadi T (2016) Potassium silicate alleviates deleterious effects of salinity on two strawberry cultivars grown under soilless pot culture. Scientia Horticulturae 213: 87-95.