Water and radiation use-efficiencies of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) at three different planting densities in open field

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to determine the simultaneous relationship between radiation interception, evapotranspiration, plant development and yield of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) grown at three different planting densities: I₁₀₀ (100x33 cm, 30 303 plant per hectare), I₅₀ (50x33 cm, 60 000 plant per hectare) and I₃₀ (30x33cm, 101 010 plant per hectare). Irrigation treatments were designed according to the wetted percentage in the field. The wetted area was 33% for I₁₀₀, 66% for I₅₀, and 55% for I₃₀. Comparing plant densities in terms of yield and plant development parameters, the findings indicated that a spacing of 50x33 cm was more suitable for tomato growth in fields at 60 000 plant per hectare since this interval probably provided cooler conditions at 30 cm in the soil profile, which also increased radiation use efficiency of the tomato. Hence, Radiation Utilization Efficiency in both fresh and dry weight (leaf+stem+fruit) was also higher with applied water of 950 mm and water consumption of 1263 mm in I₅₀. In the three plant densities, a combination of 60 000 plant per hectare (50x33 cm) gave the best planting intervals for tomato in terms of plant growth and yield.

Keywords

• Tomato,Photosynthetically active radiation,Radiation use efficiency,Solar radiation

Arazi koşullarında üç farklı bitki yoğunluğunda yetiştirilen domates’in (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) su ve radyasyon kullanım etkinliği

Abstract

Bu çalışma, domates (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) bitkisinin su ve radyasyon kullanım etkinliğini, verim ve bitki gelişim parametrelerini aynı anda belirlemek için arazi koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Domates fideleri arazi koşullarına üç faklı sıklıkta dikilmiştir; I₁₀₀ (100x33cm, 30 303 bitki hektar^-1), I₅₀ (50x33cm, 60 000 bitki hektar^-1 ) ve I₃₀ (30x33cm, 101 010 bitki hektar^-1). Sulama konuları ıslatılan alan yüzdesine göre oluşturulmuştur, I₁₀₀ sulama konusunda alanın % 33’ü, I₅₀ konusunda % 60 ve I₃₀ konusunda alanın % 55’i ıslatılmıştır. Sulama konuları arasında verim ve bitki gelişim değerleri karşılaştırıldığında, bulgular 50x33 cm sıklığında dikilen veya bir hektar alanda 60 000 bitkinin olduğu bitki sıklığında en uygun sonucu vermiştir. Söz konusu bitki sıklığında (50x33cm) bitkilerin sağladığı gölgeleme ile toprağın ilk 30 cm derinliğinde daha serin bir ortam oluşturulmuş ve bu durum bitkilerin su ve radyasyondan daha etkili bir şekilde faydalanmalarını sağlamıştır. Domates bitkisinde hem yaş hem de kuru ağırlık olarak mevsimlik sulama suyunun 950 mm ve bitki su tüketiminin 1263 mm olduğu I₅₀ konusunda elde edilmiştir. Bu nedenle, mevcut radyasyon ve uygulanan sulama suyundan en etkin bir şekilde faydalanılması için domates fidelerinin 50x33 cm aralığında dikilmesi sulama yönetiminde bir strateji olarak önerilebilir. 

Keywords

• Domates,Fotosentetik aktif radyasyon,Radyasyon kullanım etkinliği,Solar radyasyon

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