Buğdayda sarı pas hastalığı ve dayanıklılık ıslahı çalışmaları

Abstract

Buğday (Triticum L.) insanların günlük B vitaminleri, diyet lif ve enerji kaynağı ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasında çok önemli bir yere sahiptir. Dünya genelinde ve ülkemizde buğday üretimini ve kalitesini sınırlayan en önemli biyotik etmenlerden birisi sarı pas (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) hastalığıdır. Günümüze dek sarıpas kökenli epidemi ve pandemilerle % 70’e kadar verim kayıpları yaşanmıştır. Bu hastalığa karşı alınacak önlemler arasında en çevreci ve sürdürülebilir yöntem dayanıklı yeni çeşitlerin geliştirilmesidir. Dayanıklılık ıslahı çalışmaları ile 70’ten fazla dayanıklılık geni bulunup melezlemeyle kültür çeşitlerine aktarılmasına rağmen doğal mutasyonlar ve rekombinasyonlar ile ortaya çıkan yeni ırklar bu genlerin büyük bir kısmını etkisiz hale getirmiştir. Bu derlemede ülkemizde ve dünyada sarı pas ırkları ve bunlara dayanıklılık sağlayan genlerle ilgili morfolojik ve moleküler çalışmalar ile ülkemizde bu hastalığa karşı yapılması gerekenlere ilişkin öneriler sunulmuştur.

Keywords

• Puccinia striiformis,Buğday,Sarı pas,Patojen,Dayanıklılık ıslahı

Wheat stripe rust and breeding studies for resistance to the disease

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum L.) plays a significant role to meet daily B vitamins and dietary fiber and energy requirements for humans. Yellow or stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important biotic factors limiting the production and quality of wheat in the world and in Turkey. To date, yellow rust has caused serious epidemics and pandemics resulting in up to 70% yield loses all over the world. Development of resistant varieties is the most environmentally friendly and sustainable approach among the control methods against to stripe rust disease. Although more than 70 resistance genes have been discovered and transferred to the commonly cultivated varieties by hybridization in breeding for resistance studies until now, new races of the rust pathogen emerging as a result of natural mutation and genetic recombinations have rendered the majority of these resistance genes ineffective. In this review, the information is given the morphological and molecular studies on the races of yellow rust pathogen and the genes conferring resistance to the disease in the country and as well as in the world and suggestions are made about the researches to be conducted for this disease in the country.

Keywords

• Puccinia striiformis,Wheat,Yellow rust,Pathogen,Resistance breeding

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