Mikrobiyal gübre uygulamalarının Lolium perenne L. türünün çim performansı üzerine etkileri

Abstract

Bitki büyüme ve gelişmesini destekleyen mikroorganizmaları içeren mikrobiyal gübreler, kimyasal gübrelere olan ihtiyacı azaltabilmektedir. Mikrobiyal gübrelerin çim bitkilerine etkileri ve sürdürülebilir yeşil alanların yönetiminde kullanımına yönelik çalışmalar ise oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Bacillus megaterium, Pantoea agglomerans ve Pseudomonas fluorenscens bakterilerini içeren mikrobiyal gübrenin (MG) çim alanlarda konvansiyonel gübrelere alternatif olarak kullanılabilme potansiyelini araştırmaktır. Denemede üç farklı doz MG (100 ml m^-2, 1000 ml m^-2 ve 2000 ml m^-2) ve konvansiyonel gübreleme programı altında Lolium perenne ‘Blackcat’çeşidinin alanda tesis olma hızı, çim kalitesi, rengi, yoğunluğu, biçim artıkları verimi, kök ve sürgün ağırlığı herhangi bir gübreleme yapılmayan kontrol uygulaması ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışma 2013-2014 yıllarında Antalya’da tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Konvansiyel gübre uygulamasında net 10 g m^-2 yıl^-1 (100 kg N ha^-1 yıl^-1) dozunda azot uygulaması yapılmıştır. MG ve konvansiyonel gübre uygulamaları tohum ekim zamanı (Ekim), Sonbahar (Kasım) ve ilkbahar (Mart) olmak üzere 3 dönemde uygulanmıştır. MG uygulamalarının tamamı L. perenne türünün tesis olma hızını, çim kalite ve rengini, çim indeks değerini, çim yoğunluğunu ve kök sürgün^-1 oranını kontrole göre arttırmıştır. Genel olarak MG uygulamaları arttıkça genel çim performansında artış gözlemlenmiştir. MG 2000 ml m^-2 uygulaması azot uygulamasına eşdeğer tesis olma hızı oluşturmuş ve ilkbaharda %23 daha fazla sürgün yoğunluğu ile azot parsellerine üstünlük sağlamıştır. Konvansiyonel N gübreleme uygulamasına göre MG uygulamalarının biçim artıklarını önemli ölçüde azaltırken (dolayısıyla biçim sayısını azaltırken), kabül edilebilir bir çim kalitesi sağladıkları tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar mikrobiyal gübrelerin L. perenne türünün sürdürülebilir çim alan yönetiminde önemli bir potansiyele sahip olabileceğini göstermiştir.

Keywords

• Çim alanlar,İngiliz çimi,Bacillus megaterium,Pantoea Agglomerans,Pseudomonas fluorenscens

The effects of microbial fertilizers on turfgrass performance of Lolium perenne L.

Abstract

Microbial fertilizers having plant growth promoting microorganisms might reduce the need for chemical fertilizers. There is a limited information available regarding the effect of microbial fertilizers on turfgrass species and possibility of their usage in the sustainable management of turf areas. The objective of this study was to study effectiveness of the microbial fertilizer (MF) consisting of Bacillus megaterium (KBA-10), Pantoea agglomerans RK-124 and Pseudomonas fluorenscens FDG-13 species on turf areas as an alternative to the conventional fertilizers. Turfgrass establishment rate, quality and color, density, clipping yield, root and shoot dry weight of Lolium perenne ‘blackcat’ fertilized with either 3 different dosage of MF or conventional fertilizer program were compared with untreated control. The study was conducted in Antalya during 2013-2014 and experimental design was randomized complete block with 3 replications. Under conventional fertilizer program net 10 g N m^-2 year^-1 (100 kg N ha^-1) was applied annually. Fertilizers were applied as three split application; at the seeding (October), fall (November) and spring (March). Microbial fertilizers enhanced turfgrass quality, color, density, grass index and root to shoot ratio compared to untreated control. Turf performance of L. perenne enhanced with the increased dosage of MF. Results showed that 2000 ml m^-2 MF application provided turfgrass establishment similar to that of N and was superior to N for having 23% more shoot density. All of the MF dosages provided acceptable quality with less clipping yield compared to that of N application. Results support the important potential of microbial fertilizers as part of sustainable management of L. perenne.

Keywords

• Turf Areas,Perennial ryegrass,Bacillus megaterium,Pantoea agglomerans,Pseudomonas fluorenscens

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