Determination of some effects of broomrapes (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) in Thrace region on the development of sunflower

Abstract

Broomrape parasitic plants (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) lack the ability of photosynthesis to cause severe yield losses due to infection level in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production areas. In this study, it was tried to determine the extent to which broomrape resistant (LG5582) and sensitive (Özdemirbey) sunflower varieties were affected by broomrape infection collected from some fields of sunflower production in Tekirdağ, Kırklareli and Edirne provinces between 2003 and 2016. Firstly, germination ability of the collected broomrape seeds was determined in vitro condition. Then, the level of the broomrape infection and root/shoot length, fresh root/shoot weight, dry root/shoot weight, specific leaf area (SLA) was determined by the sampling of sunflower plants on the day of the broomrape seedlings' emerging the soil surface in vivo condition. According to the results, it was determined that the highest damage in sensitive sunflower variety was from the seeds of broomrape collected in 2016; the seeds collected in 2003 were still germinated and could cause infection in sensitive sunflower; the increase in infection level caused an increase in the root length and shoot weight/dry weight and a decrease in SLA level when the growth of sunflower plants were examined. And also, it was determined that changes in shoot length and root fresh/dry weight of sunflower seedlings could not be related to infection.

Keywords

• Broomrape,Plant growth,Specific leaf area,Sunflower

Trakya bölgesi canavar otlarının (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) ayçiçeğinin gelişimi üzerine bazı etkilerinin belirlenmesi

Abstract

Canavar otu (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) parazit bitkisi fotosentez yeteneğinden yoksun olmasından dolayı ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) üretim alanlarında enfeksiyon seviyesine bağlı olarak ciddi verim kayıplarına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, canavar otuna dayanıklı (LG5582) ve duyarlı (Özdemirbey) ayçiçeği çeşitlerinin 2003-2016 yılları arasında Tekirdağ, Kırklareli ve Edirne illerinin ayçiçeği üretimi yapılan bazı tarlalarından toplanmış canavar otu enfeksiyonundan ne derecede etkilendikleri belirlenmiştir. Öncelikle, toplanan canavar otu tohumlarının in vitro ortamda çimlenme kabiliyetleri belirlenmiştir. Sonrasında in vivo bitki yetiştirme ortamında canavar otu fidelerinin toprak yüzeyine çıktığı gün ayçiçeği bitkilerinden örneklemeler yapılarak kök/gövde uzunluğu, kök/gövde yaş ağırlığı, kök/gövde kuru ağırlığı, spesifik yaprak alanı (SLA) ve canavar otu enfeksiyon seviyesi belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, duyarlı ayçiçeği çeşidinde en yüksek hasarın 2016 yılında toplanan canavar otu tohumlarından kaynaklandığı, 2003 yılında toplanan tohumlarının geçen süre zarfında hala çimlenebiliyor ve duyarlı ayçiçeği çeşidinde enfeksiyon yaratabiliyor olduğu, ayçiçeği bitkilerinin gelişimleri incelendiğinde enfeksiyon seviyesinde meydana gelen artışın kök uzunluğu, gövde yaş/kuru ağırlığında artışa SLA değerinde ise azalmaya neden olduğu. Ayçiçeği fidelerinin gövde uzunluğu ve kök yaş/kuru ağırlığında meydan gelen değişimlerin ise enfeksiyon ile ilişkilendirilemeyeceğini saptanmıştır.

Keywords

• Orobanş,Bitki gelişimi,Spesifik yaprak alanı,Ayçiçeği

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