The effects of different levels of irrigation practices on quinoa I: Evapotranspiration and crop coefficients

Abstract

In this study, the water-yield relationships, evapotranspiration and crop coefficients (Kc) of quinoa grown in Mediterranean climate conditions was determined. The research was conducted in drainage-type lysimeters, filled with sandy loam soil, in 2017 using Titicaca (Q-52) quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Full (TS), 75%, 50%, 25% of deficit irrigation (KS75, KS50, KS25) and rainfed (SZ) treatments were tested in randomized blocks design with three replications. Irrigation was applied to the TS treatment 7-day interval to bring the soil water content to the field capacity, and the deficit irrigation treatments were irrigated taking into account the specified cut-off rates. Kc was determined using ET in TS and reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) calculated by FAO56-Penman-Monteith. ET ranged from 302.0 (TS) to 198.2 mm (SZ), while grain yield ranged from 295.2 to 243.0 kg da-1, respectively. Significant decrease in quinoa grain yield observed in deficit irrigation compared to TS. In Antalya conditions, the initial, development, mid- and late-season stages of the quinoa, planted in March 15, was 31, 36, 15 and 26, respectively, and the total growing period was 108 days. Kc was 0.54, 1.13 and 0.79, respectively, for the initial, mid- and late-season stages. Additionally, seasonal yield response factor (ky) was 0.54.

Keywords

• Water productivity
• Deficit irrigation
• Yield response factor

Farklı düzeylerdeki sulama uygulamalarının kinoa bitkisi üzerine etkileri I: Bitki su tüketimi ve bitki katsayıları

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Akdeniz iklim koşullarında yetiştirilen kinoanın su-verim ilişkileri, bitki su tüketimi ve bitki katsayılarının (Kc) belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma drenaj tipi lizimetre sisteminde, kumlu tın bünyeli toprakta, 2017 yılında, Titicaca (Q-52) kinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) çeşidinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada tam sulama (TS), sırasıyla %75, 50 ve 25 oranında kısıntılı sulama (KS75, KS50, KS25), ve susuz (SZ) konuları tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde üç tekerrürlü olarak ele alınmıştır. TS konusuna 7 günde bir toprak su içeriğini tarla kapasitesine getirecek kadar, kısıntılı sulama konularına ise belirtilen kısıntı oranları dikkate alınarak sulama suyu uygulanmıştır. Kc, TS konusundaki bitki su tüketimi (ET) ve FAO56-Penman-Monteith yöntemiyle hesaplanan kıyas bitki su tüketimi (ETo) kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. ET değerleri 302.0 (TS) ile 198.2 mm (SZ), kinoa dane verimi ise aynı konularda sırasıyla 295.2 ve 243.0 kg da-1 arasında değişmiştir. Kısıntılı sulama konularında TS konusuna göre kinoa dane veriminde istatistiksel olarak önemli azalmalar saptanmıştır. Antalya koşullarında, 15 Mart’ta ekilen kinoa bitkisinin başlangıç, gelişim, mevsim ortası ve olgunlaşma dönemleri sırasıyla 31, 36, 15 ve 26 gün, toplam gelişme dönemi 108 gün ve başlangıç, orta ve geç gelişim dönemleri için Kc, sırasıyla, 0.54, 1.13 ve 0.79 olarak saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, mevsimlik bitki verim tepki etmeni (ky) 0.54 olarak belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Su verimliliği
• Kısıntılı sulama
• Verim tepki etmeni

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