Effect of seed priming on germination of relict beautiful vavilov, Vavilovia formosa (Stev.) Al. Fed.

Abstract

Priming of seeds increases uniformly germination rate in cultivated and wild species as well, it also shortens germination and emergence time. Beautiful vavilovia, Vavilovia formasa (Stev.) Al. Fed. is a relict and endangered legume crop which is the closest relatives of the genus Pisum L. In beautiful vavilovia, seed priming has ignored due to insufficient seed production of the plant. In the present report, three seed priming including hydro-priming, glycerol (%1) and potassium chloride (KCl) of 5% were compared to control (no-priming application). Findings have shown that seed priming with glycerol significantly accelerated germination time in beautiful vavilovia. Despite better germination time with hydro-priming after glycerol, hydro-priming had almost similar to control. Germination was stalled off at KCl treatment indicating that beautiful vavilovia could be salt susceptible. Priming with glycerol can be suggested as the fast and reliable germination of seeds of relict beautiful vavilovia.

Keywords

• Vavilovia formosa
• Germination
• Seed priming
• Hydro-priming
• Glycerol

Tükenme eşiğindeki güzel vavilovia (Vavilovia formosa (Stev.) Al. Fed.) türünün çimlenmesine tohum priming etkisi

Abstract

Tohumlarda ekim öncesi priming uygulamaları kültürü yapılan bitkilerde olduğu kadar yabani türlerde de çimlenmeyi homojen olarak arttırmasının yanında, aynı zamanda çimlenme ve çıkış süresini de kısaltmaktadır. Güzel vavilovia Vavilovia formasa (Stev.) Al. Fed., Pisum L. cinsinin en yakın akrabası, nesli tükenmekte ve tehlike altında olan bir baklagil bitkisidir. Güzel vavilovia bitkisinde tohum priming uygulamaları günümüze kadar bitkinin yetersiz tohum üretiminden dolayı göz ardı edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada güzel vavilovia bitkisinde hidro-priming, gliserol (%1) ve potasyum klorid (KCl) (%5) priming uygulamaları kontrol ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar gliserol ile yapılan priming uygulamasının vavilovia bitkisinde çimlendirmeyi önemli seviyede arttırdığını göstermiştir. Hidro-priming uygulaması gliserolden sonra çimlenme oranının artırması bakımından ikinci sırada yer almasına rağmen, bu uygulamadan kontrole oldukça yakın sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. KCl uygulaması ise bu bitkide çimlendirmeyi geciktirmiştir, dolayısıyla buradan vavilovia bitkisinin tuza hassas olabileceği sonucu çıkarılabilir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre vavilovia bitkisinde gliserol ile yapılan priming uygulamasının hızlı ve homojen çimlenme için etkili bir priming yöntemi olarak önerilebilir.

Keywords

• Vavilovia formosa
• çimlendirme
• tohum priming
• hidro-priming
• gliserol

References

1. Abebe AT, Modi AT (2009) Hydro-priming in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Research Journal of Seed Science 2: 23-31.
2. Abramova L (1971) Chromosome number and some karyotype peculiarities of Pisum formosum. Bulletin of Applied Botany of Genetics and Plant Breeding 45: 240-243.
3. Ahmadvand G, Soleimani F, Saadatian B, Pouya M (2012) Effect of seed priming on germination and emergence traits of two soybean cultivars under salinity stress. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 3: 234-41.
4. Arabuli G (1981) Notulae systematicae ac geographicae. Instituti Botanici Tbilissiensis 37: 16-18.
5. Arif M, Jan MT, Marwat BK, Khan AM (2008) Seed priming improves emergence and yield of soybean. Pakistan Journal of Botany 40: 1169-77.
6. Bassi G, Sharma S, Gill BS (2011) Pre-sowing seed treatment and quality in-vigouration in soybean {Glycine max (L) Merrill}. Seed Research 31: 81-84.
7. Basu RN (1994) An appraisal of research on wet and dry physiological seed treatments and their applicability with special reference to tropical and subtropical countries. Seed Science and Technology 22: 107-126.
8. Belmont J, Sánchez-Coronado ME, Osuna-Fernández HR, Orozco-Segovia A, Pisanty I (2018) Priming effects on seed germination of two perennial herb species in a disturbed lava field in central Mexico. Seed Science Research 28: 63-71.

9. Benamar A, Tallon C, Macherel D (2003) Membrane integrity and oxidative properties of mitochondria isolated from imbibing pea seeds after priming or accelerated ageing. Seed Science Research 13: 35-45.
10. Bensen RJ, Beall FD, Morgan PW (1990) Detection of endogenous gibberellins and their relationship to hypocotyls elongation in soybean seedling. Plant Physiology 94: 77-84.
11. Bodsworth S, Bewley JD (1981) Osmotic priming of seed of crop species with polyethylene glycol as a mean enhancing early and synchronous germination at cool temperatures. Canadian Journal of Botany 5: 672-676.
12. Burlyaeva MO, Kotseruba VV, Aleksandrova TG, Musaev AM, Guseinova ZA, Radjabov GS (2014) Expedition Collection of Tribe Vicieae (Adans.) Bronn. and Cicereae Alefeld in the Highlands of Dagestan. Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции 72.
13. Carjagin IP (1954) Flora of Azerbaijan 5, AN, Baku, Azerbaijan, pp. 580.
14. Cechova M, Válková M, Hradilová I, Janská A, Soukup A, Smýkal P, Bednář P (2017) Towards better understanding of pea seed dormancy using laser desorptionionization mass spectrometry. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18: 2196.
15. Chanda B, Xia Y, Mandal MK, Yu K, Sekine KT, Gao QM, Selote D, Hu Y, Stromberg A, Navarre D, Kachroo A, Kachroo P (2011) Glycerol-3-phosphate is a critical mobile inducer of systemic immunity in plants. Nature Genetics 43: 421-427.
16. Chavan NG, Bhujbal GB, Manjare MR (2014) Effect of seed priming on field performance and seed yield of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merill] varieties. The Bioscan 9: 111-14.
17. Cokkizgin A (2013) Effects of hydro and osmo-priming on seed vigor of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 2: 225-228.
18. Cooper SR, Cadger CA (1990) Germination of Vavilovia formosa (Stev.) Davis in the laboratory. Pisum Newsletter 22(5).
19. Davies PH (1970) Vavilovia A. Fed. In: Davies PH (ed). Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands 3, Edinburgh, UK, pp. 44-45.
20. Deniz IG, Sümbül H (2004) Flora of Elmalı cedar research forest. Turkish Journal of Botany 28: 529-555.
21. Eren O, Gokceoglu M, Parolly G (2004) The flora and vegetation of Bakirli Dagi (Western Taurus Mts, Turkey), including annotations on critical taxa of the Taurus range. Willdenowia 34: 463-503.
22. Farooq M, Ullah A, Lee DJ, Alghamdi SS (2018) Effects of surface drying and re-drying primed seeds on germination and seedling growth of chickpea. Seed Science and Technology 46: 211-215.
23. Gabrielyan ETs (1962) In: Flora of Armenia 4, Yerevan, Armenia, pp. 322.
24. Gabrielyan ETs (1990) Vavilovia formosa (Stev.) Fed. In: Gabrielyan ETs (Ed), Red Data Book of Armenia: Plants. Ayastan, Yerevan, Armenia, 123.
25. Galushko AI (1980) Flora of Northern Caucasus - A field guide 2, p. 352 Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
26. Golezani KG, Aliloo AA, Valizadeh M, Moghaddam M (2008) Effects of hydro and osmo-priming on seed germination and field emergence of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 36: 29-33.
27. Golezani KG, Chadordooz-Jeddi A, Nasrullahzadeh S, Moghaddam M (2010) Influence of hydro-priming duration on field performance of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars. African Journal of Agricultural Research 5: 893-897.
28. Golubev AA (1990) Habitats, collection, cultivation and hybridization of Vavilovia formosa Fed. Bulletin of Applied Botany of Genetics and Plant Breeding 135: 67-75.
29. Grossheim AA (1952) Genus Vavilovia An. Fed. In: Grossheim AA (Ed), Flora of the Caucasus 5, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow-St. Petersburg, pp. 414-416.
30. Gunn CR, Kluve J (1976) Androecium and pistil characters for tribe Vicieae (Fabaceae). Taxon 25(5-6): 563-575.
31. Gupta V, Singh M (2012) Effect of seed priming and fungicide treatment on chickpea (Cicer arietinum) sown at different sowing depths in kandi belt of low altitude sub-tropical zone of Jammu. Applied Biological Research 14: 187-92.
32. Harris D, Joshi A, Khan PA, Gothkar P, Sodhi S (1999) On farm seed priming in semi-arid agriculture: development and evaluation in maize, rice and chickpea in India using participatory methods. Experimental Agriculture 35: 15-29.
33. Harris D, Rashid A, Miraj G, Arif M, Shah H (2007) On-farm seed priming with zinc sulphate solution, a cost-effective way to increase the maize yields of resource poor farmers. Field Crop Research 110: 119-27.
34. Heydecker W (1973) Germination of an idea: The priming of seeds. School of Agriculture Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, pp. 50-67.
35. Highkin HR (1956) Vernalization in Peas. Plant physiology 31: 399.
36. Hosseini MK, Powell AA, Bingham IJ (2002) Comparison of the seed germination and early seedling growth of soybean in saline conditions. Seed Science Research 12: 165-172.
37. Hradilova I, Duchoslav M, Brus J, Pechanec V, Hýbl M, Kopecký P, Smrzova L, Stefelova N, Vaclavek T, Bariotakis M, Machalová J, Hron K, Pirintsos S, Smykal P (2019) Variation in wild pea (Pisum sativum subsp. elatius) seed dormancy and its relationship to the environment and seed coat traits. Peer J Life and Environment 7: e6263.
38. Kenicer G, Smýkal P, Vishyakova M, Mikić A (2009) Vavilovia formosa, an intriguing Pisum relative. Grain Legumes 51: 8.
39. Khan AA (1992) Preplant physiological seed conditioning. Horticultural reviews 14: 131-181.
40. Kimeklis AK, Safronova VI, Kuznetsova IG, Sazanova AL, Belimov AA, Pinaev AG, Chizhevskaya EP, Pukhaev AR, Popov KP, Andronov EE, Provorov NA (2015) Phylogenetic analysis of Rhizobium strains isolated from root nodules of Vavilovia formosa (Stev.) Fed. Selskokhoz Biology 50: 655-664.
41. Kolakovskiy L (1958) Flora of Abhasiya 3, Tbilisi, Georgia.
42. Lam HK, Ross JJ, McAdam EL, McAdam SA (2016) The single evolutionary origin of chlorinated auxin provides a phylogenetically informative trait in the Fabaceae. Plant Signaling & Behavior 11: 798-803.
43. Maxted N, Ambrose M (2000) In: Plant Genetic Resources of Legumes in the Mediterranean, Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 181-190.
44. Mikic A, Smykal P, Kenicer G, Vishnyakova M, Akopian J, Sarukhanyan N, Gabrielyan I, Vanyan A, Toker C, Cupina B, Ambrose M, Mihailovic V, Ellis N (2009) A revival of the research on beautiful vavilovia (Vavilovia formosa syn. Pisum formosum). Pisum Genetics 41: 14-19.
45. Mikic A, Smykal P, Kenicer G, Vishnyakova M, Sarukhanyan N, Akopian J, Vanyan A, Gabrielyan I, Smykalova I, Sherbakova Zoric L, Atlagic J, Zeremski-Skoric T, Cupina B, Krstic D, Jacic I, Antanasovic S, Dordevic V, Mihailovic V, Ivanov A, Ochatt S, Ambrose M. (2013) The bicentenary of the research on ‘beautiful’ Vavilovia (Vavilovia formosa), a legume crop wild relative with taxonomic and agronomic potential. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 172: 524-531.
46. Mikic A, Smýkal P, Kenicer G, Vishnyakova M, Sarukhanyan N, Akopian JA, Zorić L (2014) Beauty will save the world, but will the world save beauty? The case of the highly endangered Vavilovia formosa (Stev.) Fed. Planta 240: 1139-1146.
47. Murtazaliev RA (2012) Analysis of endemic flora of the Eastern Caucasus and the features of their distribution. Vestnik Dagestan. Nauchno Centra 47: 81-85.
48. Musa AM, Johansen C, Kumar J, Harris D (1999) Response of chickpea to seed priming in the High Barind Tract of Bangladesh. Inter Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter 6: 20-22.
49. Ochatt SJ (2015) Agroecological impact of an in vitro biotechnology approach of embryo development and seed filling in legumes. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 35: 535-552.
50. Oskoueiyan R, Kazempour OS, Maassoumi AA, Nejadsattari T, Mozaffarian V (2010) Phylogenetic status of Vavilovia formosa (Fabaceae-Fabeae) based on nrDNA ITS and cpDNA sequences. Biochemical Systematic and Ecology 38: 313-319.
51. Parera CA, Cantliffe DJ (1994) Presowing seed priming. Horticulture Reviews 16: 109-141.
52. Popov KP (1988) Red Data Book of the Russian Federation. Pedagogika, Moscow.
53. Provorov NA, Andronov EE (2016) Evolution of root nodule bacteria: reconstruction of the speciation processes resulting from genomic rearrangements in a symbiotic system. Microbiology 85: 131-139.
54. Sadeghian SY, Yavari N (2004) Effect of water-deficit stress on germination and early seedling growth in sugar beet. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 190: 138-144.
55. Safronova VI, Kuznetsova IG, Sazanova AL, Kimeklis AK, Belimov AA, Andronov EE, Pinaev AG, Chizhevskaya EP, Pukhaev AR, Popov KP, Willems A, Tikhonovich IA (2015) Bosea vaviloviae sp. nov., a new species of slow-growing rhizobia isolated from nodules of the relict species Vavilovia formosa (Stev.) Fed. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 107: 911-920.
56. Safronova V, Belimov A, Andronov E, Popova J, Tikhomirova N, Orlova O, Verhozina A, Chimitov D, Tikhonovich I (2017) Method for obtaining root nodules of the Baikal relict legumes in laboratory pot experiments. International Journal of Environmental Studies 74: 700-705.
57. Safronova VI, Belimov AA, Sazanova AL, Chirak ER, Verkhozina AV, Kuznetsova IG, Andronov EE, Puhalsky JV, Tikhonovich IA (2018) Taxonomically different co-microsymbionts of a relict legume, Oxytropis popoviana, have complementary sets of symbiotic genes and together increase the efficiency of plant nodulation. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 31: 833-841.
58. Sarika G, Basavaraju GV, Bhanuprakash K, Chaanakeshava V, Paramesh R, Radha BN (2013) Investigation on seed viability and vigour of aged seed by priming in French bean. Journal of Vegetation Science 40: 169-73.
59. Sarukhanyan NG, Akopian JA, Gabrielyan IG, Vanyan AG (2009) Wild pea, Vavilovia formosa (Stev.) Fed. Fabaceae) in situ investigation in Armenia. Grain Legumes 52: 25-26.
60. Sazanova АL, Kuznetsova IG, Safronova VI, Belimov АА, Popova Z, Tikhomirova NY, Osledkin YS (2017) study of the genetic diversity of microsymbionts isolated from hedysarum gmelinii subsp. setigerum, growing in The Baikal Lake region. Biology Agrıcultural 52: 1004-1012.
61. Schaefer H, Hechenleitner P, Santos-Guerra A, Menezes de Sequeira M, Pennington RT, Kenicer G, Carine MA (2012) Systematics, biogeography, and character evolution of the legume tribe Fabeae with special focus on the middle-Atlantic island lineages. BMC Evolutionary Biology 12: 250.
62. Schlueter PM, Harris SA (2006) Analysis of multilocus fingerprinting data sets containing missing data. Molecular Ecology Notes 6: 569-572.
63. Schoener TW (1968) Anolis lizards in Bimini: resource partitioning in a complex fauna. Ecology 49: 704-726.
64. Singh A, Dahiru R, Musa M, Haliru BS (2014) Effects of osmo-priming duration on germination, emergence and early growth of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in the Sudan savanna Nigeria. International Journal of Agronomy, doi: 10.1155/2014/841238.
65. Sivritepe HO, Dourado AM (1995) The effect of priming treatments on the viability and accumulation of chromosomal damage in aged pea seeds. Annals of Botany 75: 165-171.
66. Smykal P, Chaloupská M, Bariotakis M, Mareckova L, Sinjushin A, Gabrielyan I, Akopian J, Toker C, Kenicer G, Kitner M, Pirintsos S (2017) Spatial patterns and intraspecific diversity of the glacial relict legume species Vavilovia formosa (Stev.) Fed. in Eurasia. Plant Systematics and Evolution 303(3): 267-282.
67. Sun WQ, Liang Y, Huang S, Fu J (2003) Biopolymer volume change and water clustering function of primed Vigna radiata seeds. Seed Science Research 13: 287-302.
68. Taylor AG, Allen PS, Bennett MA, Bradford KJ, Burris JS, Misra MK (1998) Seed enhancements. Seed Science Research 8: 245-256.
69. Tekin M, Sari D, Catal M, Ikten C, Smykal P, Penmetsa RV, Wettberg EJV, Toker C (2018) Eco-geographic distribution of Cicer isauricum PH Davis and threats to the species. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 65: 67-77.
70. Tiryaki I, Buyukcingil Y (2009) Seed priming combined with plant hormones: influence on germination and seedling emergence of sorghum at low temperature. Seed Science and Technology 37: 303-315.
71. Tisserat B, Stuff A (2011) Stimulation of short-term plant growth by glycerol applied as foliar sprays and drenches under greenhouse conditions. Horticultural Science 46: 1650-1654.
72. Toklu F (2015) Effects of different priming treatments on seed germination properties, yield components and grain yield of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 43: 153-158.
73. Tsegay BA, Gebreslassie B (2014) The effect of salinity (NaCl) on germination and early seedling growth of Lathyrus sativus and Pisum sativum var. abyssinicum. African Journal of Plant Science 8: 225-231.
74. ur Rehman H, Nawaz Q, Basra SMA, Afzal I, Yasmeen A (2014) Seed priming influence on early crop growth, phenological development and yield performance of linola (Linum usitatissimum L.). Journal of Integrative Agriculture 13: 990-996.
75. Vishnyakova M, Burlyaeva M, Akopian J, Murtazaliev R, Mikić A (2016) Reviewing and updating the detected locations of beautiful vavilovia (Vavilovia formosa) on the Caucasus sensu stricto. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 63: 1085-1102.
76. WOS (2020) Web of Science. http://apps.webofknowledge.com/. Accessed 20 August 2020.
77. Yacoubi R, Job C, Belghazi M, Chaibi W, Job D (2013) Proteomic analysis of the enhancement of seed vigour in osmoprimed alfalfa seeds germinated under salinity stress. Seed Science Research 23: 99-110.
78. Yankov I, Golubev AA (1999) About the taxonomical status of vavilovia formosa based on the results of crossibility and susceptibility to specialized pathogens. In CD XVI International Botanical Congress, St. Louis, USA 5655: pp. 15-17.
79. Zoric L, Lukovic J, Mikic A, Akopian J, Gabrielyan I, Sarukhanyan N, Vanyan A, Smykal P, Kenicer K, Vishnyakova M, Ambrose M (2010) Contributions to the characterization of Vavilovia formosa (syn. Pisum formosum.). I. Anatomy of stem, leaf and calyx. Pisum Genetics 42: 21-24.