Kök ve yumru bitkilerin hasadıyla oluşan toprak erozyonunda kaybolan besin maddelerinin sera gazı ayak izi değerler

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 1, 95 - 99, 01.04.2019

Mehmet Parlak

https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.468282

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bitki
hasadı nedeniyle toprak kaybı sürdürülebilir tarımı tehdit eden toprak
erozyonunun önemli bir bileşenidir. Bitki hasadıyla oluşan toprak kaybı 1.81
ile 4.55 Mg ha^-1 hasat^-1 değerleri arasında
değişmektedir. İzmir’in Ödemiş ilçesi, Konya ili, Sakarya’nın Geyve ilçesinde
patates, havuç ve kereviz hasadındaki toprakla kaybolan besin maddelerine
eşdeğer gübre üretimindeki sera gazları tahmin edilmiştir. Mineral gübrelerin
üretimi küresel sera gazı emisyonuna katkıda bulunmaktadır. Çalışma alanında
patates, havuç ve kereviz hasadıyla kaybolan toprak miktarı yılda yaklaşık 40x10³
Mg’dir. Bu toprak kaybı yılda 32.93 Mg N, 3.21 Mg P₂O₅,
ve 7.69 Mg K₂O kaybına neden olmaktadır. Gübrelerin üretimi esas
alındığında sera gazı olarak atmosfere yılda 270 Mg CO₂
salınmaktadır. Bitki hasadı nedeniyle toprak kaybını azaltmak için toprak
yönetimi uygulamalarında besin maddesi kayıpları ve sera gazı emisyonlarına
daha fazla önem verilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Toprak erozyonu, Besin maddesi kayıpları, Sera gazı emisyonları, Patates, Havuç

Greenhouse gas footprint of replacing nutrients lost through soil erosion due to root and tuber crops harvesting

Öz

Soil loss due to root crop
harvesting (SLCH) is an important component of total soil erosion that
threatens sustainable agriculture. Globally, it ranges from 1.81 to 4.55 Mg ha^-1
per harvest. I assessed greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint of producing
fertilizer to replace nutrients lost with soil due to potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.), and celery (Apium graveolens L.) harvesting in the
Izmir-Odemis town, Konya province and Sakarya-Geyve town in Turkey. Production
of mineral fertilizers contributes to the global GHG emissions. About 40x10³
Mg of soil per year was lost annually through potato, carrot and celery harvest
from the study region, which resulted in 32.93 Mg of N, 3.21 Mg of P₂O₅,
and 7.69 Mg of K₂O losses per year. The fertilizer production to
replace the nutrients lost releases about 270 Mg CO₂ per year.
The large nutrient losses and GHG emissions warrant consideration of soil
management practices to reduce SLCH.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soil erosion, Soil nutrient losses, Greenhouse gas emissions, Potato, Carrot

Kaynakça

• Bremner JM, Mulvaney CS (1982) Nitrogen-total. In: Page AL, Miller RH, Keeney DR (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 2nd ed. Agronomy No: 9, ASA,SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 539–579.
• DMI (2014) Meteorogical Bulletin Turkish State Meteorological Service (in Turkish).
• Faraji M, Chakan AA, Jafarizadeh M, Behbahani AM (2017) Soil and nutrient losses due to root crops harvesting: a case study from southwestern Iran. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 63(11): 1523-1534.
• Isabirye M, Ruysschaert G, Van Linden L, Poesen J, Magunda, MK, Deckers J (2007) Soil losses due to cassava and sweet potato harvesting: a case study from low input traditional agriculture. Soil and Tillage Research 92: 96-103.
• Knudsen D, Peterson GA, Pratt PF (1982) Lithium, sodium, and potassium. In: Page AL, Miller RH, Keeney DR (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 2nd ed. Agronomy No: 9, ASA,SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 225–245.
• Li Y, Ruysschaert G, Poesen J, Zhang QW, Bai LY, Li L, Sun LF (2006) Soil losses due to potato and sugar beet harvesting in NE China. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 31: 1003-1016.
• Mwango SB, Msanya BM, Mtakwa PW, Kimaro DN, Deckers J, Poesen J, Lilanga S, Sanga R (2015) Soil loss due to crop harvesting in Usambara Mountains, Tanzania: the case of carrot, onion and potato. International Journal of Plant and Soil Science 4(1): 18-28.
• Olsen SR, Sommers LE (1982) Phosphorus, In: Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., Keeney, D.R. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 2nd ed. Agronomy No: 9, ASA,SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 403-427.
• Oruç N (2013) Estimation of soil lost and carbon footprint equivalent of soil nitrogen lost due to the sugar beet harvest in Turkey. In: 1. Central Asia Congress on Modern Agricultural Tecniques and Plant Nutrition. 01-03 October 2013, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
• Oshunsanya SO (2016) Quantification of soil loss due to white cocoyam (Colocasia esculentus) and red cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) harvesting in traditional farming system. Catena 137: 134-143.
• Oshunsanya SO, Yu H, Li Y (2018) Soil loss due to root crop harvesting increases with tillage operations. Soil Tillage and Research 181: 93–101.
• Parlak M, Karaca S, Turkmen N (2008) The cost of soil lost caused by sugar beet harvest: a case study for Turkey. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 14(3): 284–287.
• Parlak M, Blanco-Canqui H (2015) Soil losses due to potato harvesting: a case study in western Turkey. Soil Use and Management 31: 525–527.
• Parlak M, Palta Ç, Yokuş S, Blanco-Canqui H, Çarkacı DA (2016) Soil losses due to carrot harvesting in south central Turkey. Catena 140: 24–30.
• Parlak M, Çiçek G, Blanco-Canqui H (2018) Celery harvesting causes losses of soil: a case study in Turkey. Soil Tillage and Research 180: 204–209.
• Poesen J, Verstraeten G, Soenens R, Seynaeve L (2001) Soil losses due to harvesting of chicory roots and sugar beet: an underrated geomorphic process? Catena 43: 35–47.
• Ruysschaert G, Poesen J, Verstraeten G, Govers G (2004) Soil loss due to crop harvesting: significance and determining factors. Progress in Physical Geography 28: 467–501.
• Ruysschaert G, Poesen J, Notebaert B, Verstraeten G, Govers G (2008) Spaital and long term variability of soil loss due to crop harvesting and the importance relative to water erosion: a case study from Belgium. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 126: 217-228.
• Tirado R, Gopikrishna SR, Krishnan R, Smith P (2010) Greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation potential from fertilizer manufacture and application in India. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 8(3): 176-185.
• Turkish Statistical Institute (2016) Agricultural data. http://www.tuik.gov.tr. Accessed 30 December 2016 (in Turkish).
• Turkish Statistical Institute (2017) National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report 1990-2015. Annual Report for Submission under the “United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change”. 517 pages.
• Wang Z, Chen J, Mao S, Han Y, Chen F, Zhang L, Li Y, Li C (2017) Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions of chemical fertilizer types in China’s crop production. Journal of Cleaner Production 141:1267-1274.
• Wood S, Cowie A (2004) A review of greenhouse gas emission factors for fertilizer production. Research and Development Division, State Forests of New South Wales. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Accounting For IEA Bioenergy Task 38.
• Yu H, Li Y, Zhou N, Chappell A, Li X, Poesen J (2016) Soil nutrient loss due to tuber crop harvesting and its environmental impact in the North China Plain. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 5(7): 1612-1624.