Abstract
Currently, cameras equipped with multispectral sensors are utilized to monitor cultural heritage. However, these cameras have a lower resolution compared to RGB cameras, resulting in a loss of detail during analysis. The method proposed in this study outlines a series of image processing and data analysis techniques for orthophotos generated through the photogrammetric evaluation of images captured with RGB and multispectral cameras. This study first enhances the low-resolution multispectral orthophotos and creates a multispectral image stack. The resulting image stack undergoes dimensional reduction via principal component analysis, followed by the implementation of a clustering algorithm. Consequently, a map is generated to identify and examine surface details using multispectral data. The discrimination capability was verified comparatively by analyzing the histograms of selected subregions from the generated maps. This validation demonstrates that meaningful information is successfully produced from the image stacks. This method offers a rapid, efficient, and adaptable analysis of photogrammetric products necessary for the field of cultural heritage.
Ethical Statement
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Supporting Institution
This work was supported by Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University The Unit of Scientific Research Projects Coordination, Project number: FYL-2020-3462.
Project Number
FYL-2020-3462
Thanks
This work was supported by Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University The Unit of Scientific Research Projects Coordination, Project number: FYL-2020-3462.
References
- Yakar, M., & Doğan, Y. (2017). Mersin Silifke Mezgit Kale Anıt Mezarı fotogrametrik rölöve alımı ve üç boyutlu modelleme çalışması. Geomatik, 2(1), 11-17.
- Zeybek, M., & Kaya, A. (2020). Tarihi Yığma Kiliselerde Hasarların Fotogrametrik Ölçme Tekniğiyle İncelenmesi: Artvin Tbeti Kilisesi Örneği. Geomatik, 5(1), 47-57. https://doi.org/10.29128/geomatik.568584
- Bozdogan, O., Yaman, A., & Yılmaz, H. M. (2022). An analysis on the corrosion of a cultural heritage. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 7(2), 112-127
- Kasapakis, V., Gavalas, D., & Dzardanova, E. (2024). 3D Modelling Through Photogrammetry in Cultural Heritage. In Encyclopedia of Computer Graphics and Games, 23-26. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
- Yakar, İ., Çelik, M. Ö., Hamal, S. N. G., & Bilgi, S. (2021). Kültürel mirasın dokümantasyonu çalışmalarında farklı yazılımların karşılaştırılması: Dikilitaş (Theodosius Obeliski) Örneği. Geomatik, 6(3), 217-226. DOI: 10.29128/geomatik.761475
- Yakar, M., Uysal, M., Toprak, A. S., & Polat, N. (2013). 3D modeling of historical doger caravansaries by digital photogrammetry. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 40, 695-698.
- Özdemir, E., Çallı, R., & Kartal, S. (2024). Utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles for the detection and localization of deteriorations in historical structures: a case study of Ishak Pasha Palace. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 9(3), 377-389. https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.1464867
- Mohammed, O., & Yakar, M. (2016). Yersel fotogrametrik yöntem ile ibadethanelerin modellenmesi. Selcuk University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 15(2), 85-95..
- Kanun, E., Alptekin, A., Karataş , L., & Yakar, M. (2022). The use of UAV photogrammetry in modeling ancient structures: A case study of “Kanytellis”. Advanced UAV, 2(2), 41–50.
- Çolak, A., Aktan, N., & Yılmaz, H. M. (2022). Modelling of its surroundings and Selime Cadhetral by UAV data. Advanced UAV, 2(1), 24–28.
- Grifoni, E., Gargano, M., Melada, J., Interlenghi, M., Castiglioni, I., di Sturmeck, S. R. G., & Ludwig, N. (2022, April). Documenting Cultural Heritage in very hostile fruition contexts: the synoptic visualization of Giottesque frescoes by Multispectral and 3D Close-range Imaging. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2204(1), 012060. IOP Publishing.
- Erdal, K., & Makineci, H. B. (2023). Adaptation analysis of produced 3D models from UAV-SLAM and UAV-TLS data combinations. Mersin Photogrammetry Journal, 5(1), 18-23. https://doi.org/10.53093/mephoj.1269630
- Tuncer, S., & Avdan, U. (2024). Comparative analysis of non-invasive measurement methods for optimizing architectural documentation. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 9(2), 302-313. https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.1424881
- Fischnaller, F., Guidazzoli, A., Imboden, S., De Luca, D., Liguori, M. C., Russo, A., ... & De Lucia, M. A. (2015, September). Sarcophagus of the Spouses installation intersection across archaeology, 3D video mapping, holographic techniques combined with immersive narrative environments and scenography. In 2015 Digital Heritage, 1, 365-368. IEEE.
- Unal, M., Yakar, M., & Yildiz, F. (2004, July). Discontinuity surface roughness measurement techniques and the evaluation of digital photogrammetric method. In Proceedings of the 20th international congress for photogrammetry and remote sensing, ISPRS (Vol. 1103, p. 1108).
- Abdelmoniem, A. M., Mahmoud, N., Mohamed, W. S., Ewais, A. Y., & Abdrabou, A. (2020). Archaeometric study of a polychrome wooden coffin from 26th dynasty-Egypt. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, 20(1), 7-7.
- Yakar, M., & Doğan, Y. (2017). Mersin Silifke Mezgit Kale Anıt Mezarı fotogrametrik rölöve alımı ve üç boyutlu modelleme çalışması. Geomatik, 2(1), 11-17.
- Alberghina, M. F., Germinario, C., Bartolozzi, G., Bracci, S., Grifa, C., Izzo, F., ... & Lubritto, C. (2020). The Tomb of the Diver and the frescoed tombs in Paestum (southern Italy): New insights from a comparative archaeometric study. Plos One, 15(4), e0232375.
- Frank, E., Heath, S., & Stein, C. (2021). Integration of photogrammetry, reflectance transformation imaging (RTI), and multiband imaging (MBI) for visualization, documentation, and analysis of archaeological and related materials. ISAW Papers.
- Yilmaz, H. M., Yakar, M., & Yildiz, F. (2008). Digital photogrammetry in obtaining of 3D model data of irregular small objects. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 37, 125-130..
- S Del Pozo, S., Rodríguez-Gonzálvez, P., Sánchez-Aparicio, L. J., Muñoz-Nieto, A., Hernández-López, D., Felipe-García, B., & González-Aguilera, D. (2017). Multispectral imaging in cultural heritage conservation. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 42, 155-162.
- Zainuddin, K., Majid, Z., Ariff, M. F. M., Idris, K. M., Abbas, M. A., & Darwin, N. (2019). 3D modeling for rock art documentation using lightweight multispectral camera. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 42, 787-793.
- Mandelli, A., Gobeil, C., Greco, C., & Rossi, C. (2021). Digital twin and 3d documentation of a Theban tomb at Deir Al-Medina (Egypt) using a multi-lenses photogrammetric approach. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 43, 591-597.
- Del Pozo, S., Herrero-Pascual, J., Felipe-García, B., Hernández-López, D., Rodríguez-Gonzálvez, P., & González-Aguilera, D. (2016). Multispectral radiometric analysis of façades to detect pathologies from active and passive remote sensing. Remote Sensing, 8(1), 80.
- Yaman, H., & Özhan, T. (2021). A Roman Sarcophagus Depicting Scylla in the Çanakkale Troia Museum. Tekmeria, 16, 209-244.
- McCann, A. M. (1978). Roman sarcophagi in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Metropolitan museum of art.
- Baş, G., & Yaman, A. (2022). 3D modeling of historical artifacts with terrestrial photogrammetric method: Roman sarcophagus and tomb stele example. Cultural Heritage and Science, 3(1), 12-18.
- Yakar, M., Yildiz, F., Alyilmaz, C., & Yilmaz, H. M. (2009). Photogrammetric study for Sircali Medrese Door. In 9-th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2009 (pp. 879-884)..
- Akçay, A., & Gürel, B. The contributions of computational imaging methods in archaeology: A case study in Termessos (Turkey), https://www.vi-mm.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/A.Akcay-B.Gurel_A-Case-Study-In-Termessos-Turkey.pdf, Accessed 16 Mar 2024.
- Ugolotti, G., Collina, F., Zambruno, S., Cornaglia, M., Iannucci, A., & Urcia, A. (2022). The 3D recording of the so-called Spreti sarcophagus in the Basilica of San Vitale (Ravenna, Italy). Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, 37(4), 1281-1288.
- Browning Jr, D. C. (2024). Close-range photogrammetry for analysis of rock relief details: An investigation of symbols purported to be Jewish Menorahs in Rough Cilicia. Mersin Photogrammetry Journal, 6(1), 39-51. https://doi.org/10.53093/mephoj.1434605
- Karataş, L., & Dal, M. (2023). Deterioration analysis of historical village house structure in Mersin Kanlıdivane archaeological area by UAV method. Mersin Photogrammetry Journal, 5(1), 32-41. https://doi.org/10.53093/mephoj.1290231
- Kanun, E., Alptekin, A., Karataş, L., & Yakar, M. (2022). The use of UAV photogrammetry in modeling ancient structures: A case study of “Kanytellis”. Advanced UAV, 2(2), 41-50.
- Laben, C. A., & Brower, B. V. (2000). US Patent No. 6,011,875. US Patent.
- Ringnér, M. What is principal component analysis?, Nature biotechnology, 26 (3) (2008) 303–304.
- Ikotun, A. M., Ezugwu, A. E., Abualigah, L., Abuhaija, B., & Heming, J. (2023). K-means clustering algorithms: A comprehensive review, variants analysis, and advances in the era of big data. Information Sciences, 622, 178-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2022.11.139.
Abstract
Project Number
FYL-2020-3462
References
- Yakar, M., & Doğan, Y. (2017). Mersin Silifke Mezgit Kale Anıt Mezarı fotogrametrik rölöve alımı ve üç boyutlu modelleme çalışması. Geomatik, 2(1), 11-17.
- Zeybek, M., & Kaya, A. (2020). Tarihi Yığma Kiliselerde Hasarların Fotogrametrik Ölçme Tekniğiyle İncelenmesi: Artvin Tbeti Kilisesi Örneği. Geomatik, 5(1), 47-57. https://doi.org/10.29128/geomatik.568584
- Bozdogan, O., Yaman, A., & Yılmaz, H. M. (2022). An analysis on the corrosion of a cultural heritage. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 7(2), 112-127
- Kasapakis, V., Gavalas, D., & Dzardanova, E. (2024). 3D Modelling Through Photogrammetry in Cultural Heritage. In Encyclopedia of Computer Graphics and Games, 23-26. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
- Yakar, İ., Çelik, M. Ö., Hamal, S. N. G., & Bilgi, S. (2021). Kültürel mirasın dokümantasyonu çalışmalarında farklı yazılımların karşılaştırılması: Dikilitaş (Theodosius Obeliski) Örneği. Geomatik, 6(3), 217-226. DOI: 10.29128/geomatik.761475
- Yakar, M., Uysal, M., Toprak, A. S., & Polat, N. (2013). 3D modeling of historical doger caravansaries by digital photogrammetry. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 40, 695-698.
- Özdemir, E., Çallı, R., & Kartal, S. (2024). Utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles for the detection and localization of deteriorations in historical structures: a case study of Ishak Pasha Palace. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 9(3), 377-389. https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.1464867
- Mohammed, O., & Yakar, M. (2016). Yersel fotogrametrik yöntem ile ibadethanelerin modellenmesi. Selcuk University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 15(2), 85-95..
- Kanun, E., Alptekin, A., Karataş , L., & Yakar, M. (2022). The use of UAV photogrammetry in modeling ancient structures: A case study of “Kanytellis”. Advanced UAV, 2(2), 41–50.
- Çolak, A., Aktan, N., & Yılmaz, H. M. (2022). Modelling of its surroundings and Selime Cadhetral by UAV data. Advanced UAV, 2(1), 24–28.
- Grifoni, E., Gargano, M., Melada, J., Interlenghi, M., Castiglioni, I., di Sturmeck, S. R. G., & Ludwig, N. (2022, April). Documenting Cultural Heritage in very hostile fruition contexts: the synoptic visualization of Giottesque frescoes by Multispectral and 3D Close-range Imaging. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2204(1), 012060. IOP Publishing.
- Erdal, K., & Makineci, H. B. (2023). Adaptation analysis of produced 3D models from UAV-SLAM and UAV-TLS data combinations. Mersin Photogrammetry Journal, 5(1), 18-23. https://doi.org/10.53093/mephoj.1269630
- Tuncer, S., & Avdan, U. (2024). Comparative analysis of non-invasive measurement methods for optimizing architectural documentation. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 9(2), 302-313. https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.1424881
- Fischnaller, F., Guidazzoli, A., Imboden, S., De Luca, D., Liguori, M. C., Russo, A., ... & De Lucia, M. A. (2015, September). Sarcophagus of the Spouses installation intersection across archaeology, 3D video mapping, holographic techniques combined with immersive narrative environments and scenography. In 2015 Digital Heritage, 1, 365-368. IEEE.
- Unal, M., Yakar, M., & Yildiz, F. (2004, July). Discontinuity surface roughness measurement techniques and the evaluation of digital photogrammetric method. In Proceedings of the 20th international congress for photogrammetry and remote sensing, ISPRS (Vol. 1103, p. 1108).
- Abdelmoniem, A. M., Mahmoud, N., Mohamed, W. S., Ewais, A. Y., & Abdrabou, A. (2020). Archaeometric study of a polychrome wooden coffin from 26th dynasty-Egypt. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, 20(1), 7-7.
- Yakar, M., & Doğan, Y. (2017). Mersin Silifke Mezgit Kale Anıt Mezarı fotogrametrik rölöve alımı ve üç boyutlu modelleme çalışması. Geomatik, 2(1), 11-17.
- Alberghina, M. F., Germinario, C., Bartolozzi, G., Bracci, S., Grifa, C., Izzo, F., ... & Lubritto, C. (2020). The Tomb of the Diver and the frescoed tombs in Paestum (southern Italy): New insights from a comparative archaeometric study. Plos One, 15(4), e0232375.
- Frank, E., Heath, S., & Stein, C. (2021). Integration of photogrammetry, reflectance transformation imaging (RTI), and multiband imaging (MBI) for visualization, documentation, and analysis of archaeological and related materials. ISAW Papers.
- Yilmaz, H. M., Yakar, M., & Yildiz, F. (2008). Digital photogrammetry in obtaining of 3D model data of irregular small objects. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 37, 125-130..
- S Del Pozo, S., Rodríguez-Gonzálvez, P., Sánchez-Aparicio, L. J., Muñoz-Nieto, A., Hernández-López, D., Felipe-García, B., & González-Aguilera, D. (2017). Multispectral imaging in cultural heritage conservation. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 42, 155-162.
- Zainuddin, K., Majid, Z., Ariff, M. F. M., Idris, K. M., Abbas, M. A., & Darwin, N. (2019). 3D modeling for rock art documentation using lightweight multispectral camera. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 42, 787-793.
- Mandelli, A., Gobeil, C., Greco, C., & Rossi, C. (2021). Digital twin and 3d documentation of a Theban tomb at Deir Al-Medina (Egypt) using a multi-lenses photogrammetric approach. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 43, 591-597.
- Del Pozo, S., Herrero-Pascual, J., Felipe-García, B., Hernández-López, D., Rodríguez-Gonzálvez, P., & González-Aguilera, D. (2016). Multispectral radiometric analysis of façades to detect pathologies from active and passive remote sensing. Remote Sensing, 8(1), 80.
- Yaman, H., & Özhan, T. (2021). A Roman Sarcophagus Depicting Scylla in the Çanakkale Troia Museum. Tekmeria, 16, 209-244.
- McCann, A. M. (1978). Roman sarcophagi in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Metropolitan museum of art.
- Baş, G., & Yaman, A. (2022). 3D modeling of historical artifacts with terrestrial photogrammetric method: Roman sarcophagus and tomb stele example. Cultural Heritage and Science, 3(1), 12-18.
- Yakar, M., Yildiz, F., Alyilmaz, C., & Yilmaz, H. M. (2009). Photogrammetric study for Sircali Medrese Door. In 9-th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2009 (pp. 879-884)..
- Akçay, A., & Gürel, B. The contributions of computational imaging methods in archaeology: A case study in Termessos (Turkey), https://www.vi-mm.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/A.Akcay-B.Gurel_A-Case-Study-In-Termessos-Turkey.pdf, Accessed 16 Mar 2024.
- Ugolotti, G., Collina, F., Zambruno, S., Cornaglia, M., Iannucci, A., & Urcia, A. (2022). The 3D recording of the so-called Spreti sarcophagus in the Basilica of San Vitale (Ravenna, Italy). Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, 37(4), 1281-1288.
- Browning Jr, D. C. (2024). Close-range photogrammetry for analysis of rock relief details: An investigation of symbols purported to be Jewish Menorahs in Rough Cilicia. Mersin Photogrammetry Journal, 6(1), 39-51. https://doi.org/10.53093/mephoj.1434605
- Karataş, L., & Dal, M. (2023). Deterioration analysis of historical village house structure in Mersin Kanlıdivane archaeological area by UAV method. Mersin Photogrammetry Journal, 5(1), 32-41. https://doi.org/10.53093/mephoj.1290231
- Kanun, E., Alptekin, A., Karataş, L., & Yakar, M. (2022). The use of UAV photogrammetry in modeling ancient structures: A case study of “Kanytellis”. Advanced UAV, 2(2), 41-50.
- Laben, C. A., & Brower, B. V. (2000). US Patent No. 6,011,875. US Patent.
- Ringnér, M. What is principal component analysis?, Nature biotechnology, 26 (3) (2008) 303–304.
- Ikotun, A. M., Ezugwu, A. E., Abualigah, L., Abuhaija, B., & Heming, J. (2023). K-means clustering algorithms: A comprehensive review, variants analysis, and advances in the era of big data. Information Sciences, 622, 178-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2022.11.139.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | FYL-2020-3462 |
| Submission Date | January 28, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | May 19, 2025 |
| Early Pub Date | December 16, 2025 |
| Publication Date | December 29, 2025 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.53093/mephoj.1628803 |
| IZ | https://izlik.org/JA84JD66KD |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 2 |
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MERSİN PHOTOGRAMMETRY JOURNAL is an internationally published journal and indexed in international index organizations.
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The LOCKSS system allows librarians to access to the e-content to which they subscribe, restoring the print purchase model with which librarians are familiar.
The Global LOCKSS Network preserves today's e-journals and e-books for tomorrow's readers. The Global LOCKSS Network is a proven preservation approach that uniquely empowers both libraries and publishers. It enhances a library's value by restoring library collections via a locally installed "LOCKSS box", which is essentially a digital bookshelf. The Global LOCKSS Network enhances a publisher's value by preserving the original published artifact, including branding, historical context, and underlying files. It protects the publisher's interest by driving all reader traffic to their web site. The Global LOCKSS Network is administered and managed by the Stanford University Libraries LOCKSS Program. See the LOCKSS Program website for additional information, http://www.lockss.org/lockss/Home.
A detailed explanation of what sets the LOCKSS software apart and how preservation works in the LOCKSS network (e.g. technical infrastructure, security) can be found in the following link: https://www.lockss.org/about/how-it-works/.
Deposit
The articles published in MEPHOJ are stored in Sherpa Romeo.
https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/39638
Complaint Policy
Complaints are welcome as they provide an opportunity for improvement. Responses to complaints should be quick, helpful, and constructive. Please address complaints with a volume number, issue number, paper ID, paper title, and page number.
Mersin Photogrammetry Journal accepts the following complaints:
· Authorship complaints
· Plagiarism complaints
· Multiple, duplicate, and concurrent publications or simultaneous submissions
· Allegations of research errors and fraud
· Research standards violations
· Undisclosed conflicts of interest
· Reviewer bias or competitive/harmful acts by reviewers
Policy for Handling Complaints
If the Journal receives a complaint that any contribution to the Journal infringes intellectual property rights or contains material inaccuracies, libelous materials, or otherwise unlawful materials, the Journal will investigate the complaint. An investigation may include a request that the parties involved substantiate their claims (the Journal will make a good faith determination whether to remove the allegedly wrongful material). A decision not to remove material should represent the Journal's belief that the complaint is without sufficient foundation, or if well‐founded, that a legal defense or exemption may apply. The Journal will document its investigation and decision. We strive to ensure that Mephoj s of the highest quality and is free from errors. However, we accept that occasionally mistakes might happen.
Editorial Complaints Policy
The Managing Editor and staff of Mephoj will make every endeavor to resolve issues as soon as possible in the most appropriate way, offering a right of reply when necessary. We will investigate complaints in a blame-free manner, looking to see how systems can be improved to prevent mistakes occurring.
Guiding Principles
Our general approach to complaints is that they are a rare but inevitable part of a process that involves putting together complex material at great speed. Despite rare mistakes, we will spend effort to treat complaints with urgency. Timely solutions can prevent the escalation of problems. All substantial errors and complaints are referred to senior executives within the editorial staff.
The procedure outlined below aims to be fair to the submitting authors who have complaints as well asthe things they complain about. All complaints will be acknowledged within three working days if by email. If possible, a definitive response will be made within two weeks. If impossible, an interim response will be given within two weeks. Interim responses will be provided until the complaint is resolved. Escalated complaints are sent to the editor.
How to Make a Complaint
Complaints about editorial content should be made as soon as possible after publication, preferably by email to: myakar@mersin.edu.tr
Article Correction Policy
The online, published version of an article is considered the final and complete version. Even though it is possible to correct this version, our policy (in common with other publishers) is not to do so, except in very rare circumstances.
The only typographical errors that can be corrected are: author names, affiliations, article titles, abstracts, and keywords. In such cases, an erratum or corrigendum would be necessary as well (see below) so that there is a record of the difference between the online and print versions.
We can publish a correction to your article if there is a serious error, for example with regard to scientific accuracy, or if your reputation or that of the journal would be affected. We do not publish corrections that do not affect the contribution in a material way or significantly impair the reader’s understanding of the contribution (such as a spelling mistake or a grammatical error).
Please send an email to myakar@mersin.edu.tr in the event a correction is needed.
Errata
An erratum will be used if an important error has been found during the publication process of the journal article. Errors requiring an erratum include: an error that affects the publication record, the scientific integrity of the paper, the reputation of the authors or of the journal, and errors of omission (e.g. failure to make factual proof corrections requested by authors within the deadline provided by the journal and within journal policy).
Erratas are not published for typing errors except where an error is significant (for example, an incorrect unit.) A significant error in a figure or table is corrected by the publication of a newly- corrected figure or table as an erratum. The figure or table is republished only if the editor considers it necessary.
Corrigenda
A corrigendum is a notification of a significant error made by the authors of the article. All authors must sign a corrigenda that is submitted for publication.
In cases where co-authors disagree, the editors will take advice from independent peer-reviewers and impose the appropriate amendment; noting the dissenting author(s) in the text of the published version.
Addenda
An addendum is a notification of a peer-reviewed addition of information to a paper. An example is a response to a reader’s request for clarification. Addenda do not contradict the original publication. If the author inadvertently omits significant information, the information can be published as an addendum after peer review.
Addenda are published only rarely and only when the editors decide that the addendum is crucial to the reader’s understanding of a significant part of the published contribution.
Price Policy
There is no article processing or submission charges in this journal.It is free
Indexes
Citation Indexes
Journal Boards
Chief in Editor
Editorial Board
A.o.Univ.Prof. Mag.Dr. Wolfgang Sulzer is part of the Institute for Geography and Regional Sciences (University of Graz) and heads the research group "Geospatial Technologies". His research topics deal with the use of remote sensing in high mountains and in urban regions. A focus of recent years has been the implementation of new remote sensing-based monitoring technologies for urban research in Graz, with a focus on urban climate and urban development. The acquisition, documentation and visualization of cultural (landscape) heritages belongs to his recent research activities. Numerous master's theses and publications document the research results. Further information for lecturing and the research activities can be found at: https://geographie.uni-graz.at/en/our-research/gst/
Marta Czaplicka – an assistant professor at the Department of Socio-Economic Geography, was involved in research on geospatial analyses and the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools in socio-economic geography and land management. Currently working on three research projects financed by the National Science Center of Poland.
AMIT KUMAR MISHRA (Senior Member, IEEE) is an active researcher in the domain of sensor design, telecommunication, radar, applied machine learning, and frugal innovation. His current areas of research are joint communication and sensing (JCAS) and bio-inspired computer architecture. He is currently a Professor with the Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University where he is also the Director of the National Spectrum Centre (NSC).
Fabiana Calò received her Master’s degree in Environmental Engineering from Politecnico di Bari and a PhD in Analysis of Environmental Systems at University of Napoli Federico II. She has been Visiting Scientist at Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Ottawa (2008) and Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul (2014-2015). Since 2010 she works at National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Institute of Electromagnetic Sensing of Environment in Napoli, first as Post-Doc fellow and then as permanent Researcher. Her research interests mainly focus on the study of natural and man-made hazards, and on the natural resources protection by integrating ground-based and Earth Observation data and information.
Janis Kaminskis, Dr.sc.ing. (2010), Professor, RTU, Dipl.phys.(1990), in the Department of Geomatics at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, received a Master of Engineering degree in geodesy (with excellence, 1995). He has acquired and developed his professional values and competences in the Finnish (FGI), Danish (KMS/DTU) and Swiss (ETH) research centers and universities. Associate Professo Janis Kaminskis is an expert of the Latvian Council of Science, Latvian National Standard Technical Committee Nr.47 Geomatics chairman, president of national IUGG (International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics) committee under Academy of Science and lead member of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG); IAG sub-commission for EUREF as well Chairman for sub-commission of Engineering geodesy, member of the Nordic Geodesic Commission (NKG) Presidium, member of the International Struve Geodetic Arc Working Group. Areas of research are astronomy, photogrammetry, geoinformatics and physical geodesy, geophysics incl. geoid modeling, gravimetry, reference systems, marine cadaster and related issues. He is the author and co-author of many Latvian and international scientific researches and publications, co-author of it between 3 books and monographs in Latvia and abroad. He currently does research at the Geomatics group (http://geomatika.rtu.lv/), RTU (https://www.rtu.lv/en). Jānis Kaminskis works in Higher Education, Civil Engineering and Geodesy and Surveying at the faculty of Civil and Mechanical engineering, Riga Technical University. His current projects are "High accuracy gravity field model for Latvia including its sea territory", „BalMarGrav - Homogenized marine gravity maps of southern and eastern Baltic Sea for modern 3D applications in marine geodesy, geology and navigation” and spatial planning of the Baltic Sea on the Kurzeme coast (on the maritime cadastre) together with the Latvian Maritime Academy.
Introduction
Kazimierz Becek works at the Department of Geoengineering, Mining and Geology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland. He does research in remote sensing, photogrammetry, geodesy, land surveying, and geographical information systems. He is also a frequent consultant in aerial LiDAR and photo acquisition for Southeast Asian companies and beyond. His primary research is focused on the mathematical modeling of natural and anthropogenic systems.
Disciplines
Remote SensingGeodesy and SurveyingGeoinformatics (GIS) ForestryEnvironmental Science, Data Structures, Computing in Mathematics, Natural Science, Engineering and Medicine Information Science
Skills and expertise
TopographyForest productsCartographySurveyingRadarMappingDTMSpatial AnalysisDigital MappingGeomaticsEnvironmentPhotogrammetryGeoinformationGeospatial ScienceSatellite Image AnalysisDigital Terrain AnalysisEarth ObservationSatellite Image ProcessingGeo-processingGeostatistical AnalysisGeomatics EngineeringGeographical AnalysisSpatial StatisticsLidar Remote SensingTerrain AnalysisMonitoringSARVegetation MappingMicrowave Remote SensingHyperspectral Remote SensingGeographic Information SystemForestryData StructuresInformation ScienceRemote SensingEnvironmental ScienceLand Use ChangeRemote Sensing ApplicationsMapsSynthetic Aperture RadarVegetationSRTMRemote Sensing and GIS, Geodesy, Software Development, Lidar, Hyperspectral Image Analysis
Languages
German, English, Polish, Russian
Jorge Antonio Silva Centeno was born in La Paz, Bolivia. He holds a degree in Civil Engineering from the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (1988), a master's degree in Water Resources and Environmental Engineering from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (1991) and a PhD in Geodesy - Universitat Karlsruhe (2000). He is currently a full professor in the Department of Geomatics at the Federal University of Paraná. He has experience in the area of Geosciences, with an emphasis on Photogrammetry, working mainly on the following topics: remote sensing, laser scanner, cartography, photogrammetry and image processing.
Associate Professor at the School of Production Engineering and Management of the Technical University of Crete (TUC) since 2018, teaching “Fluid Mechanics”, “Heat Transfer” and “Rational Energy Management in Production Systems”. He received his Diploma in Chemical Engineering in 1991 and his Ph.D. in 2000 from the National Technical University of Athens.
His research interests are formed around Green and Digital development. The central pillar of his research activities is the application of innovative solutions at the intersection of Production Systems and Information & Communication Technologies, for delivering high-value services in dynamically changing environments, incl. Industrial, Water, Energy and Environmental systems. Emphasis is placed on developing advanced process simulation modelling approaches to create industrial Digital Twins and Cyber Physical Systems.
His research activities have resulted in more than 130 publications in peer-reviewed international scientific journals and conference proceedings, 6 educational books and 5 chapters in edited books.
He is the founder and coordinator of the Digital and Industrial Innovations Research Group (indigo) at TUC, involving more than 20 researchers (faculty members, postdoctoral researchers and PhD candidates). He is the Principal Investigator of 12 Horizon, 2 Interreg and 2 National ongoing research projects, being the Project Coordinating (PC) for 3 and Technical Coordinator (TC) for 2 of them.
He is a founding member and coordinator of the In-Crete Innovation Alliance, bringing together all academic/research institutions of Crete and private enterprises, with the aim of promoting circular economy actions in Crete.
He is a member in the European networks ICT4Water Cluster and BRIDGE European Commission Initiative. He represents TUC in the LIAISE COST Action (Cooperation, development and cross-border transfer of Industrial Symbiosis among industry and stakeholders) and is responsible on behalf of TUC for the Lighthouse Mission Process Automation and Industry 4.0 of EURECA-PRO (partnership of 7 European Universities for responsible consumption and production).
Head of Remote Sensing and GIS Department Professor at the Space Research and Technology Institute, the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (SRTI-BAS). Research interests in remote sensing (RS/EO), GIS, landscape ecology, land use/land cover change (LULCC), environmental management, spatial data infrastructures (SDI), spatial decision support systems (SDSS), Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), spatial planning, and multivariate statistics.