Kiralık büyükbabalar-Yaşlanan erkekler bakıcı olursa

Year 2018, Issue: 9-10, 65 - 96, 15.08.2018

Luigi Wenzl Birgit Blättel-mink

Abstract

Biyolojik
aileleri dışında bakım işi yapan 50 yaşın üzerindeki erkekler, örneğin “kiralık
büyükbabalar” programları, aynı bu konuyla ilgili araştırma projeleri gibi,
enderdir. Ancak yakın zamanda, kiralık büyükbabalar, bakım krizi ve demografik
değişikliklerin etkisi gibi toplumsal problemlerin üstesinden gelmek için potansiyel bir çözüm olarak,
politikanın ve medyanın dikkatini çekti. Yaşlanan erkekleri “kiralık büyükbaba”
olmaya iten nedir ve bu bakım pratiği nasıl deneyimlenir? Çalışmamızda, bu
konunun toplumsal implikasyonlarına odaklanarak, bu ve benzeri sorulara cevap
aradık. Bu çalışmanın teorik çerçevesi, (hegemonik) erkeklik, bakım ve
büyükbabalık çalışmalarına konu olan yaş unsuru ile yaşlanan erkekler üzerine
yürütülen tartışmaların, bakım krizinin ve sosyo-politik bir kavram olan aktif yaşlanmanın kesişimi ile
oluşmuştur. Söyleme yerleşik olan “kaybedenin olmadığı” inancıyla uyumlu
olarak, yaşça büyük vatandaşlar, kendileri ve diğerlerine sosyal fayda sağlamak
için, bilhassa kendi yaşlanma süreçlerini zenginleştirmek adına, hayat
tarzlarını ve aktivitelerini değiştirmeleri için cesaretlendirilmektedir.

Ampirik çalışma bir Almanya federal eyaletinde gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Kiralık büyükbabaların motivasyonunda görünür olan, mevcut bakım krizinin
farkında olmalarıdır. İkinci bir motivasyon ise, kendi geçmişlerinde, kariyer
odaklı geçim sağlayıcılar olarak, bazı fırsatları kaçırmış oldukları hissidir.
Kiralık büyükbabalık, çocuk bakımına aktif katılım için ikinci bir şans olarak görülmektedir. Bakım pratikleri biyolojik
büyükbabalık ile benzer olduğu halde, görüşmeciler müsait zamanları konusunda
bireysel haklarından feragat etmemektedir. Dahası, görülüyor ki, bakım işi,
aktif yaşlanmanın vaatlerine ters düşecek şekilde, zahmetsiz olmaktan uzaktır
ve kişiyi aynı anda hem genç hem de yaşlı yapabilir. Büyükbabaların çoğunlukla
dışarıda yürütülen, tipik olarak erkek
bakım aktivitelerini tercih etmeleri de gösterir ki toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı
geleneksel işbölümü kalıpları bakım pratiğinde de süreklilik göstermektedir.
Yine de, büyükbabalar tarafından üstlenilen bakım işi, duygusallığın ve
şefkatin ifade edilmesine yardımcıdır ve bu nedenle de erkeklik ve bakımın
uzlaşması üzerine ipuçları sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

Kiralık büyükbaba, aktif yaşlanma, bakım krizi, hegemonik erkeklik, bakıcı erkeklikler

Grandfathers For Rent – If Aging Men Care

Abstract

Men over 50 years of age who perform care work outside the biological
family, e.g. in “grandfathers for rent” programs, are rare, as are research
projects dealing with this phenomenon. Recently, however, grandfathers for rent
have attracted the attention of politics and media as a potential
solution to overcome societal challenges, such as the care crisis, and the
effects of demographic changes. What motivates aging men to become a
grandfather for rent and how is the care practice experienced? With our study
we strived to answer these and other questions, all the while retaining a focus
on the social implications of this phenomenon. The theoretical framework for
the study is found in the intersection of (hegemonic) masculinity, care and age
which relies on grandfather studies, the debate on caring masculinities, on the
care crisis, and the social-political concept of active aging. In
keeping with the win-win credo of the discourse, senior citizens are
thus encouraged to modify their lifestyle and activities in order to provide
social benefits for others as well as for themselves, supposedly enriching
their own aging process.

The empirical study was conducted in a German federal state. In terms of
the motivations of grandfathers for rent, it becomes apparent that they are
aware of the current care crisis. A second motive, however, is a feeling of
missed opportunities during their previous life course as career-focused
breadwinners. Grandfatherhood for rent is perceived as a second chance of active participation in childcare. Although their
care practice is similar to that of biological grandparenthood, the
interviewees do not relinquish individual claims on their available time.
Furthermore, and somewhat contrary to the promise of active aging, it becomes
apparent that the care work is far from effortless – and can make you both young
and old at the same time. Patterns of traditional division of labor
among gender groups are persistent within their care practice, as can be seen
in grandfathers preferably taking on typically male care activities -
often outdoor. Nevertheless, the care work provided by grandfathers for rent
does help articulate emotionality and affection and therefore gives hints to
reconciliation of masculinity and care.

Keywords

Rent a grandfather, active aging, care crisis, hegemonic masculinity, caring masculinities

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