Araştırma Makalesi
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Effect of a School Dietitian on Nutrition and Weight Control in High School Students: A School Case Study

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1 , 45 - 61 , 31.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.55517/mrr.1843137
https://izlik.org/JA56AU83BW

Öz

Aim: This study was planned and conducted to determine the effects of nutrition education and individualized counselling provided by a school dietitian on high school students’ nutrition knowledge levels, dietary behaviors, anthropometric measurements, and body composition. Methods: This prospective educational intervention study was conducted during the 2024–2025 academic year among 255 students attending a public high school in Kayseri. Students received healthy nutrition education twice during the first and second semesters of the academic year, and the intervention was evaluated using a pretest–post-test design. Nutritional knowledge levels before and after the intervention were assessed using a 15-item multiple-choice nutrition knowledge test developed by Sarıdağ Devran; dietary habits were evaluated through a questionnaire; anthropometric measurements and body composition were assessed using the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. Individualized nutrition counselling was provided to students when deemed necessary. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0. Normality was assessed with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test; the Wilcoxon signed-rank, Chi-square (χ²), and McNemar tests were used for comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The study included a total of 255 students, comprising 136 boys (53.3%) and 119 girls (46.7%). The mean age of the participants was 15.76±1.12 years. The baseline mean nutrition knowledge score was 8.9±1.9. The mean body weight was 71.9±15.3 kg in boys and 59.4±12.5 kg in girls; the mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.0±4.4 kg/m² and 22.1±4.0 kg/m², respectively. The mean waist circumference was 81.2±11.2 cm in boys and 71.5±9.8 cm in girls. No changes were observed in meal patterns, and breakfast was identified as the most frequently skipped meal. Nutrition knowledge scores and levels increased significantly after the intervention (p < 0.001). Among female students, significant reductions in body weight and BMI were observed following the intervention (p = 0.05). According to BMI classification, the proportion of male students in the normal-weight category increased (p = 0.486), while decreases in the overweight and obese categories were observed among female students (p = 0.031). Waist circumference increased in both male and female students (Girl: p = 0.004, Boy: p = 0.005). Evaluation of the waist-to-height ratio revealed a significant increase in the proportion of female students in the normal category and a decrease in at-risk groups (p < 0.001). Body composition analyses showed increases in fat-free mass, fat-free mass percentage, total body water, and body water percentage, along with significant decreases in body fat percentage and fat mass in both male and female students (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Nutrition education and counselling interventions led by a school dietitian improved nutrition knowledge and positively affected anthropometric measurements and body composition indicators among high school students. These findings demonstrate that the school dietitian model is feasible at the high school level and may contribute to school health services.

Etik Beyan

For the study, ethical approval was obtained from the Erciyes University Social and Human Sciences Ethics Committee (Application No: 345, Date: August 27, 2024), and research implementation permission was granted through the Research Application Permission Application and Evaluation Module of the Ministry of National Education.

Destekleyen Kurum

This study was supported by the Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (BAP) as a master’s thesis project (Project No: 14195).

Proje Numarası

14195

Teşekkür

Not applicable.

Kaynakça

  • Ministry of Health of Turkey. Turkey Nutrition Guide (TÜBER). Ankara: Ministry of Health of Turkey Publications; 2022.
  • Dick B, Ferguson BJ. Health for the world’s adolescents: a second chance in the second decade. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2015;56:3-6.
  • Gubbels JS. Environmental influences on dietary intake of children and adolescents. Nutrients. 2020;12:922.
  • Clarke MA, Haire-Joshu DL, Schwarz CD, Tabak RG, Joshu CE. Influence of home and school environments on specific dietary behaviors among postpartum, high-risk teens, 27 states, 2007–2009. Preventing Chronic Disease. 2015;12:140437.
  • Alper Z, Ercan İ, Uncu Y. A meta-analysis and an evaluation of trends in obesity prevalence among children and adolescents in Turkey: 1990–2015. ournal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology. 2018;10(1):59-67.
  • Özcan C, Kılınç S, Gülmez H. School health and legal status in Turkey. Ankara Medical Journal. 2013;13(2):71-81.
  • Şahinöz T, Şahinöz S, Kıvanç A. The easiest way to improve health: school health. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences. 2017;6(4):303-312.
  • Salman DD, Günay T. School nutrition programs in the world and Turkey. Halk Sağlığı Araştırma ve Uygulamaları Dergisi. 2023;1(1):17-26.
  • Nally S, Carlin A, Blackburn NE, et al. The effectiveness of school-based interventions on obesity-related behaviours in primary school children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Children. 2021;8:489.
  • Alhelal A, AlSalem MS, Alasmari FMA, et al. Effectiveness of school-based interventions for preventing obesity in children: a narrative review. Cureus. 2024;16(12):e75104.
  • World Health Organization. Report of the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
  • Muslu M. An important public health policy for the protection and promotion of child health in Türkiye: School dietetics. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;2(2):52–74.
  • Ayhan NY. The strategic role of dietitians in promoting healthy eating habits among children and adolescents in schools: the school dietitian. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi. 2025;53(4):I-IV.
  • Sarıdag Devran B. Determination of the Effect of Nutrition Education Provided to High School Students and Their Parents on Nutrition Knowledge and Behaviors. Doctoral dissertation. Ankara: Başkent University; 2018. p. 185–186.
  • World Health Organization. Growth reference data for 5–19 years [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Aug 8]. Available from: https://www.who.int/tools/growth-reference-data-for-5to19-years
  • Ashwell M, Hsieh SD. Six reasons why the waist-to-height ratio is a rapid and effective global indicator for health risks of obesity and how its use could simplify the international public health message on obesity. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 2005;56(5):303-307.
  • Sincovich A, Moller H, Smithers L, et al. Prevalence of breakfast skipping among children and adolescents: a cross-sectional population-level study. BMC Pediatrics. 2022;22:220.
  • Ministry of Health of Turkey. Turkey Nutrition and Health Survey 2017 (TBSA 2017): Turkey Nutrition and Health Survey 2017. Ankara: General Directorate of Public Health; 2019.
  • Calvén A, Jonsson K, Wendin K, Larsson C. Adolescents’ attitudes, preferences and perceived behaviours regarding healthy eating and whole grains. Food and Nutrition Research. 2023;67:8988.
  • Elseifi OS, Abdelrahman DM, Mortada EM. Effect of a nutritional education intervention on breakfast consumption among preparatory school students in Egypt. International Journal of Public Health. 2020;65(6):893-903.
  • Romero-Blanco C, Martín-Moraleda E, Pinilla-Quintana I, et al. Why do adolescents skip breakfast? A study on the Mediterranean diet and risk factors. Nutrients. 2025;17:1948.
  • Aydın S, Özkaya H, Özbekkangay E, Günalan E, Kaya Cebioğlu İ, Okan Bakır B. The comparison of the effects of different nutrition education methods on nutrition knowledge level in high school students. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;13(1):133-139.
  • Grydeland M, Bjelland M, Anderssen SA, et al. Effects of a 20-month cluster-randomised school-based intervention trial on BMI of school-aged boys and girls: the HEIA study. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2014;48:768-773.
  • Yabancı N, Pekcan G. The effect of nutritional status and physical activity level on body composition and bone mineral density in adolescents. Aile ve Toplum. 2010;6(22):9-20.
  • Gunalan E, Okan Bakir B, Bali R, Tanriover O, Gemici B. Evaluation of body mass index and related lifestyle factors among 14–17-year-old Turkish adolescents. Northern Clinics of Istanbul. 2021;8(3):226-235.
  • Ashwell M, Gibson S. Waist-to-height ratio as an indicator of ‘early health risk’: simpler and more predictive than using a ‘matrix’ based on BMI and waist circumference. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e010159.
  • Bogataj Š, Trajković N, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Sember V. Effects of school-based exercise and nutrition intervention on body composition and physical fitness in overweight adolescent girls. Nutrients. 2021;13:238.
  • Nascimento M, Silva D, Ribeiro S, Nunes M, Almeida M, Mendes-Netto R. Effect of a nutritional intervention on body composition, eating behaviour and nutritional knowledge in athletes: a comparison between adults and adolescents. Nutrients. 2016;8:535.

Lise Öğrencilerinde Okul Diyetisyeninin Beslenme ve Kilo Kontrolü Üzerine Etkisi: Bir Okul Örneği

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1 , 45 - 61 , 31.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.55517/mrr.1843137
https://izlik.org/JA56AU83BW

Öz

Amaç: Lise öğrencilerine okul diyetisyeni tarafından verilen beslenme eğitimi ve bireysel danışmanlık hizmetlerinin öğrencilerin beslenme bilgi düzeyleri, beslenme davranışları, antropometrik ölçümleri ve vücut kompozisyonu üzerindeki etkisini saptamak amacıyla planlanmış ve yürütülmüştür. Yöntem: Bu prospektif eğitim müdahale çalışması, 2024–2025 eğitim-öğretim yılında Kayseri’de bir devlet lisesinde öğrenim gören 255 öğrenci üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Öğrencilere eğitim-öğretim yılının birinci ve ikinci dönemlerinde iki kez sağlıklı beslenme eğitimi verilmiş ve ön test–son test tasarımı ile değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Eğitim öncesi ve sonrası dönemde beslenme bilgi düzeyi Sarıdağ Devran tarafından geliştirilen 15 soruluk çoktan seçmeli beslenme bilgi testi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiş, beslenme alışkanlıkları anket ile sorgulanmış, antropometrik ölçümler ve biyoelektrik impedans analizi (BIA) yöntemiyle vücut kompozisyonu değerlendirilerek; gerekli görülen öğrencilere bireysel beslenme danışmanlığı sağlanmıştır. Veriler IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin dağılımı Kolmogorov–Smirnov testi ile değerlendirilmiş; karşılaştırmalarda Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar, Ki-Kare (χ²) ve McNemar testleri kullanılmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi p <0,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya, 136 erkek (%53,3) ve 119 kız (%46,7) toplam 255 öğrenci katılmıştır. Öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 15,76±1,12 yıldır. Eğitim öncesi ortalama beslenme bilgi puanı 8,9±1,9 olarak belirlenmiştir. Erkek ve kız öğrencilerde sırasıyla ortalama vücut ağırlığı 71,9±15,3 kg ve 59,4±12,5 kg; beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) 23,0±4,4 kg/m² ve 22,1±4,0 kg/m²; bel çevresi ise 81,2±11,2 cm ve 71,5±9,8 cm olarak saptanmıştır. Öğün örüntülerinde değişiklik gözlenmemiş olup, kahvaltı en sık atlanan öğün olarak belirlenmiştir. Beslenme bilgi puanları ve düzeyleri artmıştır (p <0,001). Kız öğrencilerde vücut ağırlığı ve BKİ değerlerinde eğitim sonrası anlamlı düşüş belirlenmiştir (p = 0,05). BKİ sınıflaması açısından erkek öğrencilerin normal grupta yer alma oranlarının arttığı (p = 0,486), kız öğrencilerde ise hafif şişman ve şişman gruplarında azalma olduğu saptanmıştır (p = 0,031). Hem kız hem erkek öğrencilerin bel çevrelerinde artış gözlenmiştir (Kız: p = 0,004, Erkek: p = 0,005). Bel/boy oranı değerlendirmesinde kız öğrencilerde normal grupta yer alma oranının belirgin biçimde arttığı ve riskli grupların azaldığı tespit edilmiştir (p <0,001). Vücut kompozisyonu analizlerinde hem erkek hem de kız öğrencilerde yağsız vücut kütlesi, yağsız kütle yüzdesi, sıvı miktarı ve sıvı yüzdesinin arttığı; vücut yağ yüzdesi ve yağ miktarının anlamlı düzeyde azaldığı belirlenmiştir (p <0,001). Sonuç: Okul diyetisyeni tarafından yürütülen beslenme eğitimi ve danışmanlık uygulamalarının lise öğrencilerinde hem bilgi düzeyini artırdığını hem de antropometrik ölçümler ve vücut kompozisyonu göstergelerini olumlu yönde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar, okul diyetisyeni modelinin lise düzeyinde uygulanabilir olduğunu ve okul sağlığı hizmetlerine katkı sağlayabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Araştırma için Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Etik Kurulu’nun 345 başvuru numarası ile 27/08/2024 tarihli ‘’Etik Kurul Onayı’’, Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Araştırma Uygulama İzinleri Başvuru ve Değerlendirme Modülünden ‘Araştırma Uygulama İzni’ belgesi alınmıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu araştırma, Erciyes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi (BAP) tarafından desteklenen 14195 numaralı Yüksek Lisans Tez Projesi kapsamında desteklenmiştir.

Proje Numarası

14195

Teşekkür

Uygulanabilir değildir.

Kaynakça

  • Ministry of Health of Turkey. Turkey Nutrition Guide (TÜBER). Ankara: Ministry of Health of Turkey Publications; 2022.
  • Dick B, Ferguson BJ. Health for the world’s adolescents: a second chance in the second decade. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2015;56:3-6.
  • Gubbels JS. Environmental influences on dietary intake of children and adolescents. Nutrients. 2020;12:922.
  • Clarke MA, Haire-Joshu DL, Schwarz CD, Tabak RG, Joshu CE. Influence of home and school environments on specific dietary behaviors among postpartum, high-risk teens, 27 states, 2007–2009. Preventing Chronic Disease. 2015;12:140437.
  • Alper Z, Ercan İ, Uncu Y. A meta-analysis and an evaluation of trends in obesity prevalence among children and adolescents in Turkey: 1990–2015. ournal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology. 2018;10(1):59-67.
  • Özcan C, Kılınç S, Gülmez H. School health and legal status in Turkey. Ankara Medical Journal. 2013;13(2):71-81.
  • Şahinöz T, Şahinöz S, Kıvanç A. The easiest way to improve health: school health. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences. 2017;6(4):303-312.
  • Salman DD, Günay T. School nutrition programs in the world and Turkey. Halk Sağlığı Araştırma ve Uygulamaları Dergisi. 2023;1(1):17-26.
  • Nally S, Carlin A, Blackburn NE, et al. The effectiveness of school-based interventions on obesity-related behaviours in primary school children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Children. 2021;8:489.
  • Alhelal A, AlSalem MS, Alasmari FMA, et al. Effectiveness of school-based interventions for preventing obesity in children: a narrative review. Cureus. 2024;16(12):e75104.
  • World Health Organization. Report of the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
  • Muslu M. An important public health policy for the protection and promotion of child health in Türkiye: School dietetics. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;2(2):52–74.
  • Ayhan NY. The strategic role of dietitians in promoting healthy eating habits among children and adolescents in schools: the school dietitian. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi. 2025;53(4):I-IV.
  • Sarıdag Devran B. Determination of the Effect of Nutrition Education Provided to High School Students and Their Parents on Nutrition Knowledge and Behaviors. Doctoral dissertation. Ankara: Başkent University; 2018. p. 185–186.
  • World Health Organization. Growth reference data for 5–19 years [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Aug 8]. Available from: https://www.who.int/tools/growth-reference-data-for-5to19-years
  • Ashwell M, Hsieh SD. Six reasons why the waist-to-height ratio is a rapid and effective global indicator for health risks of obesity and how its use could simplify the international public health message on obesity. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 2005;56(5):303-307.
  • Sincovich A, Moller H, Smithers L, et al. Prevalence of breakfast skipping among children and adolescents: a cross-sectional population-level study. BMC Pediatrics. 2022;22:220.
  • Ministry of Health of Turkey. Turkey Nutrition and Health Survey 2017 (TBSA 2017): Turkey Nutrition and Health Survey 2017. Ankara: General Directorate of Public Health; 2019.
  • Calvén A, Jonsson K, Wendin K, Larsson C. Adolescents’ attitudes, preferences and perceived behaviours regarding healthy eating and whole grains. Food and Nutrition Research. 2023;67:8988.
  • Elseifi OS, Abdelrahman DM, Mortada EM. Effect of a nutritional education intervention on breakfast consumption among preparatory school students in Egypt. International Journal of Public Health. 2020;65(6):893-903.
  • Romero-Blanco C, Martín-Moraleda E, Pinilla-Quintana I, et al. Why do adolescents skip breakfast? A study on the Mediterranean diet and risk factors. Nutrients. 2025;17:1948.
  • Aydın S, Özkaya H, Özbekkangay E, Günalan E, Kaya Cebioğlu İ, Okan Bakır B. The comparison of the effects of different nutrition education methods on nutrition knowledge level in high school students. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;13(1):133-139.
  • Grydeland M, Bjelland M, Anderssen SA, et al. Effects of a 20-month cluster-randomised school-based intervention trial on BMI of school-aged boys and girls: the HEIA study. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2014;48:768-773.
  • Yabancı N, Pekcan G. The effect of nutritional status and physical activity level on body composition and bone mineral density in adolescents. Aile ve Toplum. 2010;6(22):9-20.
  • Gunalan E, Okan Bakir B, Bali R, Tanriover O, Gemici B. Evaluation of body mass index and related lifestyle factors among 14–17-year-old Turkish adolescents. Northern Clinics of Istanbul. 2021;8(3):226-235.
  • Ashwell M, Gibson S. Waist-to-height ratio as an indicator of ‘early health risk’: simpler and more predictive than using a ‘matrix’ based on BMI and waist circumference. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e010159.
  • Bogataj Š, Trajković N, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Sember V. Effects of school-based exercise and nutrition intervention on body composition and physical fitness in overweight adolescent girls. Nutrients. 2021;13:238.
  • Nascimento M, Silva D, Ribeiro S, Nunes M, Almeida M, Mendes-Netto R. Effect of a nutritional intervention on body composition, eating behaviour and nutritional knowledge in athletes: a comparison between adults and adolescents. Nutrients. 2016;8:535.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Beslenme Bilimi, Halk Sağlığı Beslenmesi, Sağlığın Geliştirilmesi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Şükran Kuruşcu 0009-0004-1754-3949

Hasan Durmuş 0000-0001-5719-1475

Proje Numarası 14195
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Aralık 2025
Kabul Tarihi 16 Mart 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.55517/mrr.1843137
IZ https://izlik.org/JA56AU83BW
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver 1.Şükran Kuruşcu, Hasan Durmuş. Effect of a School Dietitian on Nutrition and Weight Control in High School Students: A School Case Study. MRR. 01 Mart 2026;9(1):45-61. doi:10.55517/mrr.1843137