COVID-19 and Psychiatric Disorders

Öz

It shows importance to approach COVID-19 pandemic with a psychiatricc persepctive. To identify the effects of virus on central nervous system, would provide advantage to all physicians. nCoV-2019, which carries many potential of pathophysiological mechanisms, including ACE-2 protein on neurons. can cause primary and secondary neuropsychiatric effects. Abundant studies were made on teh neuropsychiatric effects of nCoV-19, as well as other viruses form Coronaviridae family. It can cause, provoke or exacerbate mass depression, anxiety and stress. As certain COVID-19 medications bear significant psychiatric side-effects, certain psychiatric drugs can also interact with COVID-19 medication. Both the psychiatric and neuropsychiatric effects of Covid infection, and diagnosis and treatment arrangements of patients who have the infection are important. In this review, we aimed to review the relationship between Covid-19 and psychiatry according to the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• psychiatry
• COVID-19
• neuropsychiatry

COVID-19 ve Psikiyatrik Bozukluklar

Öz

COVID-19 pandemisine psikiyatrik bir perspektiften yaklaşılması, klinisyen için önem arzeder. Virüsün merkezi sinir sistemi üzerindeki etkilerinin tanınması, tüm hekimler için bir avantaj sağlayacaktır. Nöronlardaki ACE-2 proteini dahil olmak üzere pek çok potansiyel patofizyolojik mekanizması olan nCoV-2019, hem primer hem de sekonder olarak nöropsikiyatrik yan etkilere yol açabilir. Hem nCoV-2019 hem de aynı Coronaviridae ailesinden virüslerin nöropsikiyatrik etkileri üzerine yapılmış literatürde pek çok çalışma mevcuttur. Kitlesel boyutta sekonder anksiyete, depresyon, stres ortaya çıkarabilir ya da bu semptomları tetikleyebilir veya alevlendirebilir. Belli COVID-19 ilaçlarının psikiyatrik yan etkileri olabileceği gibi psikiyatride kullanılan belli ilaçlar, COVID-19 ilaçlarıyla etkileşime girebilir. Hem Covid enfeksiyonunun psikiyatrik ve nöropsikiyatrik etkileri, hem de enfeksiyona yakalanan hastalarda tanı ve tedavi düzenlemesi önem arzetmektedir. Bu derlemede Covid-19 ve psikiyatri ilişkisini literatür verileri doğrultusunda anlatmayı amaçladık.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• psikiyatri
• nöropsikiyatri
• COVID-19

Kaynakça

1. 1. Honigsbaum M. “An inexpressible dread”: psychoses of influenza at fin-de-siècle. The Lancet. 2013 Mar 23;381(9871):988-9.
2. 2. Cheyette SR, Cummings JL. Encephalitis lethargica: lessons for contemporary neuropsychiatry. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences. 1995;7(2):125.
3. 3. Menninger KA. Influenza and schizophrenia: An analysis of post-influenzal" dementia precox," as of 1918, and five years later: Further studies of the psychiatric aspects of influenza. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1994 Jun.
4. 4. Rorie GA. Post-influenzal insanity in the Cumberland and Westmoreland asylum, with statistics of sixty-eight cases. Journal of Mental Science. 1901 Apr;47(197):317-26.
5. 5. Kępińska AP, Iyegbe CO, Vernon AC, Yolken R, Murray RM, Pollak TA. Schizophrenia and influenza at the centenary of the 1918-1919 Spanish influenza pandemic: mechanisms of psychosis risk. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020 Feb 26;11:72.
6. 6. Brown AS, Derkits EJ. Prenatal infection and schizophrenia: a review of epidemiologic and translational studies. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2010 Mar 1;167(3):261-80.
7. 7. Khandaker GM, Zimbron J, Dalman C, Lewis G, Jones PB. Childhood infection and adult schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of population-based studies. Schizophrenia research. 2012 Aug 1;139(1-3):161-8.
8. 8. Manjunatha N, Math SB, Kulkarni GB, Chaturvedi SK. The neuropsychiatric aspects of influenza/swine flu: A selective review. Industrial psychiatry journal. 2011 Jul;20(2):83.

9. 9. Tsai LK, Hsieh ST, Chao CC, Chen YC, Lin YH, Chang SC, Chang YC. Neuromuscular disorders in severe acute respiratory syndrome. Archives of neurology. 2004 Nov 1;61(11):1669-73.
10. 10. Kim JE, Heo JH, Kim HO, Song SH, Park SS, Park TH, Ahn JY, Kim MK, Choi JP. Neurological complications during treatment of middle east respiratory syndrome. Journal of Clinical Neurology. 2017 Jul 1;13(3):227-33.
11. 11. Troyer EA, Kohn JN, Hong S. Are we facing a crashing wave of neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19? Neuropsychiatric symptoms and potential immunologic mechanisms. Brain, behavior, and immunity. 2020 Apr 13.
12. 12. Arbour N, Day R, Newcombe J, Talbot PJ. Neuroinvasion by human respiratory coronaviruses. Journal of virology. 2000 Oct 1;74(19):8913-21.
13. 13. Mori I, Nishiyama Y, Yokochi T, Kimura Y. Olfactory transmission of neurotropic viruses. Journal of neurovirology. 2005 Mar 1;11(2):129-37.
14. 14. Xu P, Sriramula S, Lazartigues E. ACE2/ANG-(1–7)/Mas pathway in the brain: the axis of good. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2011 Apr;300(4):R804-17.
15. 15. Brann DH, Tsukahara T, Weinreb C, Lipovsek M, Van den Berge K, Gong B. Non-neuronal expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the olfactory system suggests mechanisms underlying COVID-19-associated anosmia. bioRxiv. 2020. Neuroscience.