What is SARS-CoV-2, How Did We Reach Today?

Öz

Coronaviruses constitute a large family of viruses that can cause diseases in a wide variety of clinical spectra. Within this broad clinical spectrum, mild upper respiratory tract infections, more severe Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) can be seen in the community. On December 12, 2019, some physicians recognized cases of viral pneumonia, which resemble SARS in Wuhan, a city in China's Hubei Province and began to investigate but they could not determine the etiology. On January 7, 2020, Chinese scientists reported that they detected a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in patients with pneumonia in Wuhan. On February 11, 2020, about one and a half months after the outbreak started, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that they re-named the disease as COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) and the virus as SARS-CoV-2 because of its similarity to SARS-CoV. By March 11, 2020, WHO declared the epidemic of COVID-19 as a pandemic, stating that SARS-CoV-2 was detected in more than 118,000 people in 114 countries. And the virus was detected in our country on the same dates. About a century after the Spanish flu, the COVID-19 pandemic spread rapidly over a 7-month period, affecting millions of people and killing thousands of people, once again revealing the devastating effects of outbreaks and therefore the importance of preventive public health measures.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• PANDEMIA
• SARS-CoV-2
• EPIDEMIC HISTORY

SARS-CoV-2 Nedir, Bu Güne Nasıl Geldik?

Öz

Koronavirüsler çok çeşitli klinik spektrumlarda hastalıklara neden olabilen büyük bir virüs ailesidir. Bu geniş klinik spektrum kapsamında, toplumda sıklıkla görülen basit üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonları , daha şiddetli olan Ortadoğu Solunum Sendromu (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-MERS) ve Ağır Akut Solunum Sendromu (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-SARS) görülebilmektedir. 12 Aralık 2019'da Çin’in Hubei Eyaletinin Wuhan şehrinde bazı doktorlar etiyolojisini anlayamadıkları SARS'a benzeyen viral pnömoni olgularının farkına varıp araştırmaya başladılar. 7 Ocak 2020 tarihinde Çinli bilim insanları Wuhan’daki pnömonili hastalarda yeni bir koronavirus (2019-nCoV) saptadıklarını bildirdiler. 11 Şubat 2020’de salgının başlamasından yaklaşık 1,5 ay sonra Dünya Sağlık Örgütü(DSÖ) yaptığı açıklamada hastalığın adını COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), virüsün adını ise SARS-CoV’a benzerliği nedeniyle SARS-CoV-2 olarak değiştirdiğini açıkladı. Tarihler 11 Mart 2020’yi gösterdiğinde DSÖ, SARS-CoV-2’nin 114 ülkede 118.000’den fazla insanda saptandığı ifade ederek COVID-19 salgınını pandemi olarak ilan etti. Aynı tarihlerde virüs ülkemizde de saptandı. İspanyol gribinden yaklaşık bir asır sonra COVID-19 pandemisinin 7 aylık bir süreçte hızla yayılıp, milyonlarca insanı etkileyip binlerce insanın ölümüne yol açması salgınların yıkıcı etkilerini ve dolayısıyla koruyucu halk sağlığı önlemlerinin önemini bir kez daha gözler önüne sermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• SALGIN TARİHÇESİ
• PANDEMİ
• SARS-CoV-2

Kaynakça

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