Öz
This study aims to analyze the working life experiences of Iranian LGBTI individuals living in Denizli, in terms of occupational safety and health. Semistructured, in-depth interviews and focus groupinterviews were conducted with 15 Iranian LGBTIsin the research, by using qualitative method. It wasdetermined that the interviewees are employed inunskilled works in Turkey with low wages and wit hout social security and occupational safety and health, although they are well-educated and had worked in white-collar paid jobs before they have migrated. It is among the main findings of the research that the migrant and LGBTI identities of the interviewees cause the deterioration of their disadvantaged position in the working life compared to the local workers. While the discriminative attitudes, to which the migrant workers have been exposed may force them to leave employment, sometimes the employment relationships can only be sustained by hiding their sexual orientation or gender identity.
Anahtar Kelimeler
LGBTI individuals asylumseeker/refugee workers occupational health occupational safety labor relations
Kaynakça
- Iranian Queer Watch Report, Toronto, 2016 http://irqr.net/2016/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/IQW- Report.pdf (06/02/2017).
- İçduygu A, Keyman F. “Globalization, Security and Migration: The Case of Turkey” Global Governance 2000; 6:383-398.
- İçduygu A. “The Politics of International Migratory Regimes: Transit Migration Flows in Turkey” International Social Science Journal 2000; 52(165):357-367.
- Grungras N, Levitan R, Slotek A. “Unsafe Haven: Security Challenges Facing LGBT Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Turkey” The Fletcher Journal of Human Security 2009; XXIV:41-61.
- Abdi A. “Gender Outlaws between Earth and Sky: Iranian Transgender Asylum Seekers Trapped within Heteronormative (Inter)national Frameworks” in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Critical Gender Studies, Central European University, Budapest, 2011.
- Bayard-Burfield L, Sundquist J, Johansson SE. “Ethnicity, Self-reported Psychiatric Illness, and Intake of Psychotropic Drugs in Five Ethnic Groups in Sweden” J Epidemiol Commun Health 2001; 55:657-664.
- Rudmin FW, Ahmadzadeh V. “Psychometric Critique of Acculturation Psychology: The Case of Iranian Migrants in Norway” Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 2001; 42:41-56.
- Masmas TN ve ark. “Asylum Seekeres in Denmark” Torture 2008; 18(2):77-86.
- Gerritsen AAM ve ark. “Physical and Mental Health of Afghan, Iranian and Somali Asylum Seekers and Refugees Living in the Netherlands” Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2006; 41:18-26.
- Dossa P. “Narrative Mediation of Conventional and New Mental Health Paradigms: Reading the Stories of Immigrant Iranian Women” Medical Anthropology Quarterly 2002; 16(3):341-359.
- Mireshghi SI, Matsumoto D. “Perceived Cultural Attitudes towards Homosexuality and Their Effects on Iranian and American Sexual Minorities” Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 2008; 14(4):372-376.
- Foucault M. “Deliliğin Tarihi”, İmge Kitabevi, Ankara, 2006.
- Foucault M. “Biyopolitikanın Doğuşu”, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul, 2015.
- Lordoğlu K. “Türkiye’ye Yönelen Düzensiz Göç ve İşgücü Piyasalarına Yansımaları”, Çalışma ve Toplum 2015; 44:29-44.
- Wallerstein I. “Halklığın İnşası: Irkçılık, Milliyetçilik ve Etniklik” İçinde: I. Wallerstein ve E. Balibar (Der). Irk, Ulus, Sınıf: Belirsiz Kimlikler. Metis Yayınları, İstanbul, 2000.
- Spencer R. “Complicity in Iran's Anti-Gay Jihad” FrontPageMagazine.com, March 17 2008,http://archive.frontpagemag.com/read Article.aspx?ARTID=30 264, (27/06/2016).
- Yadegarfard M, Bahramabadian F, Ho R. “Iranian Psychoterapists’ Behaviors and Beliefs toward Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity”, Ethics & Behavior 2015; 25(3):256-270.
- Health&Safety Executive Migrant Workers in England and Wales: An Assessment of Migrant Worker Health and Safety Risks, London, 2006. http://www.hse. gov.uk/ research/rrpdf/rr502.pdf (12.12.2016).
- International Labour Office, International Labour Standards on Migrant Workers’ Rights: Guide for Policymakers and Practitioners in Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, 2007 http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/ groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/documents/publi cation/ wcms_bk_pb_184_en.pdf (23.12.2016).
- Civan OE ve Gökalp A. “Göçmen İşçi Kavramı ve Göçmen İşçilerin İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği”, Çalışma ve Toplum 2011; 28:233-263.
- Carballo M, Nerurkar A. “Migration, Refugees, and Health Risks, Emerging Infectious Diseases” 2001; 7(3): 556-560.l
İŞÇİ SAĞLIĞI VE İŞ GÜVENLİĞİ AÇISINDAN DENİZLİ İLİNDEKİ İRANLI LGBTİ GÖÇMENLERİN ÇALIŞMA DENEYİMLERİ
Öz
Bu çalışma Denizli’de yaşayan İranlı LGBTİ bireylerin işçi sağlığı ve iş güvenliği açısından çalışma yaşamındaki deneyimlerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada nitel yöntem kullanılarak, 15 İranlı LGBTİ ile yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine mülakatlar ve odak grup görüşmeleri yapılmıştır. Yanıtlayıcıların ağırlıklı olarak çalıştıkları tekstil ve hizmetler sektöründe eğitim seviyelerinin oldukça yüksek olmasına ve göç etmeden önce beyaz yakalı ücretli çalışma kategorisinde yer almalarına karşın, Türkiye’de sosyal güvencesiz, düşük ücretli, işçi sağlığı ve iş güvenliği önlemlerinden yoksun bir biçimde niteliksiz işlerde yoğunlaştıkları saptanmıştır. Görüşmecilerin göçmen ve LGBTİ olmasının, yerli işçilere oranla çalışma yaşamındaki dezavantajlı konumlarının katmanlaşmasına neden olduğu araştırmanın temel bulguları arasındadır. Göçmen işçilerin işyerlerinde maruz kaldıkları ayrımcı tutumlar işten ayrılmalarına yol açabildiği gibi kimi zaman da ancak cinsel yönelim veya cinsiyet kimliklerini gizleyerek istihdam ilişkisini sürdürebilmelerine yol açmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
LGBTİ bireyler sığınmacı/mülteci işçiler işçi sağlığı ve iş güvenliği çalışma ilişkileri
Kaynakça
- Iranian Queer Watch Report, Toronto, 2016 http://irqr.net/2016/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/IQW- Report.pdf (06/02/2017).
- İçduygu A, Keyman F. “Globalization, Security and Migration: The Case of Turkey” Global Governance 2000; 6:383-398.
- İçduygu A. “The Politics of International Migratory Regimes: Transit Migration Flows in Turkey” International Social Science Journal 2000; 52(165):357-367.
- Grungras N, Levitan R, Slotek A. “Unsafe Haven: Security Challenges Facing LGBT Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Turkey” The Fletcher Journal of Human Security 2009; XXIV:41-61.
- Abdi A. “Gender Outlaws between Earth and Sky: Iranian Transgender Asylum Seekers Trapped within Heteronormative (Inter)national Frameworks” in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Critical Gender Studies, Central European University, Budapest, 2011.
- Bayard-Burfield L, Sundquist J, Johansson SE. “Ethnicity, Self-reported Psychiatric Illness, and Intake of Psychotropic Drugs in Five Ethnic Groups in Sweden” J Epidemiol Commun Health 2001; 55:657-664.
- Rudmin FW, Ahmadzadeh V. “Psychometric Critique of Acculturation Psychology: The Case of Iranian Migrants in Norway” Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 2001; 42:41-56.
- Masmas TN ve ark. “Asylum Seekeres in Denmark” Torture 2008; 18(2):77-86.
- Gerritsen AAM ve ark. “Physical and Mental Health of Afghan, Iranian and Somali Asylum Seekers and Refugees Living in the Netherlands” Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2006; 41:18-26.
- Dossa P. “Narrative Mediation of Conventional and New Mental Health Paradigms: Reading the Stories of Immigrant Iranian Women” Medical Anthropology Quarterly 2002; 16(3):341-359.
- Mireshghi SI, Matsumoto D. “Perceived Cultural Attitudes towards Homosexuality and Their Effects on Iranian and American Sexual Minorities” Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 2008; 14(4):372-376.
- Foucault M. “Deliliğin Tarihi”, İmge Kitabevi, Ankara, 2006.
- Foucault M. “Biyopolitikanın Doğuşu”, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul, 2015.
- Lordoğlu K. “Türkiye’ye Yönelen Düzensiz Göç ve İşgücü Piyasalarına Yansımaları”, Çalışma ve Toplum 2015; 44:29-44.
- Wallerstein I. “Halklığın İnşası: Irkçılık, Milliyetçilik ve Etniklik” İçinde: I. Wallerstein ve E. Balibar (Der). Irk, Ulus, Sınıf: Belirsiz Kimlikler. Metis Yayınları, İstanbul, 2000.
- Spencer R. “Complicity in Iran's Anti-Gay Jihad” FrontPageMagazine.com, March 17 2008,http://archive.frontpagemag.com/read Article.aspx?ARTID=30 264, (27/06/2016).
- Yadegarfard M, Bahramabadian F, Ho R. “Iranian Psychoterapists’ Behaviors and Beliefs toward Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity”, Ethics & Behavior 2015; 25(3):256-270.
- Health&Safety Executive Migrant Workers in England and Wales: An Assessment of Migrant Worker Health and Safety Risks, London, 2006. http://www.hse. gov.uk/ research/rrpdf/rr502.pdf (12.12.2016).
- International Labour Office, International Labour Standards on Migrant Workers’ Rights: Guide for Policymakers and Practitioners in Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, 2007 http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/ groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/documents/publi cation/ wcms_bk_pb_184_en.pdf (23.12.2016).
- Civan OE ve Gökalp A. “Göçmen İşçi Kavramı ve Göçmen İşçilerin İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği”, Çalışma ve Toplum 2011; 28:233-263.
- Carballo M, Nerurkar A. “Migration, Refugees, and Health Risks, Emerging Infectious Diseases” 2001; 7(3): 556-560.l
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Research Article |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Mayıs 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2017 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 64 |