Alternatif Deniz Yakıtı Olarak LNG Kullanımında Emniyet Tedbirleri

Öz

Uluslararası Denizcilik Örgütü, 2020 yılı itibari ile MARPOL Ek VI kurallarındaki emisyon oranlarını değiştirerek kükürt oranını yüzde 3,5'ten yüzde 0,5'e indirerek denizcilik sektörünü alternatif yakıtlara yönlendirmiştir. Sıvılaştırılmış doğal gaz (LNG), diğer alternatif yakıtlara kıyasla sıfıra yakın emisyon oranı, erişim kolaylığı, halihazırda LNG sağlayan limanların bulunması ve akaryakıt piyasasındaki düşük fiyatı ile cazip bir seçenektir. Ayrıca bir ürünün çevre üzerindeki etkisini incelemek için ISO 14040:2006 tarafından oluşturulan bir metodoloji olan yaşam döngüsü değerlendirmesine göre, bir yakıtın çevresel açıdan sürdürülebilir olması için, yalnızca yakıtın yanması sırasında düşük emisyonlarla değil, aynı zamanda hammadde çıkarma, yakıt üretimi, dağıtım ve son olarak yanma ile başlayan tüm yakıt yaşam döngüsü ile de ilişkilendirilmesi gerekir. Bir deniz yakıtı olarak LNG'nin yaşam döngüsü çevresel performansının, iklim değişikliği üzerindeki etkisinin %20 ila %5 aralığında olduğu ve ağır akaryakıta kıyasla SO2 ve NOX emisyonlarını önemli ölçüde azalttığı gözlemlenmiştir. LNG yakıt ikmali, IGC kodunda belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca sınıf organizasyonlarının getirdiği standartlar da mevcuttur. Bu çalışma bize LNG sızıntısı kazası riskinden nasıl kaçınılabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle risk analizi doğru yapılmalı, buna göre ISM kontrol listeleri oluşturulmalı ve gemilerde uygulanmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alternatif yakıtlar
• LNG
• Yakıt ikmali

Safety Precautions for The Use of LNG as Marine Fuel

Öz

International Maritime Organisation has changed the emission rates in the MARPOL Annex VI rules as of 2020 and reduced the sulfur rate from 3.5 percent to 0.5 percent and led the maritime sector to alternative fuels. Compared to other alternative fuels, liquefied natural gas (LNG) is an attractive option with almost zero emission rate, ease of access, availability of ports that currently supply LNG and low price in the fuel market. In addition, according to the life cycle assessment, which is a methodology created by ISO 14040: 2006 to examine the impact of a product on the environment, in order for a fuel to be environmentally sustainable, it has to be associated not only with low emissions during fuel combustion, but also with the entire fuel life cycle, starting with raw material extraction, fuel production, distribution and finally combustion. The life cycle environmental performance of LNG as a marine fuel has been observed to have its impact on climate change in the range of 20% to 5%, significantly reducing SO2 and NOX emissions compared to heavy fuel oil. LNG bunkering is specified in the IGC code. In addition, there are standards brought by class organizations. This study shows us how to avert from the risk of LNG leakage accident. For this reason, risk analysis should be done correctly, ISM checklists should be created and applied on ships accordingly.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alternative fuel
• LNG
• Bunkering

Kaynakça

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