Nasopharyngeal cancer: an update on diagnosis and treatment

Öz

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has distinct epidemiological and histological features among head and neck cancers.

Clinical signs in patients with NPC change according to the tumor size and the status of lymph node metastases.

Tumor can expand anteriorly to nasal cavity, pterygoid fossa or maxillary sinus, laterally to parapharyngeal space

and infratemporal fossa, or posterosuperiorly to cranial base, clivus and intracranial structures. Radiotherapy is the

primary treatment in NPC. In tertiary centers, intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is the preferred radiotherapy

module. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment of locally advanced NPC. Standard regimen

includes radiation to 70 Gy to the gross tumor in daily fractions of 2 Gy and additional chemotherapy which includes

100 mg/m2 of cisplatin every 3 weeks or 30-40 mg/m2 once a week.

In this article, updated staging in American Joint Committe on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition guidelines, diagnostic

methods and treatment modalities in NPC are reviewed and presented in the light of current literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• nasopharynx,carcinoma,treatment

Nazofarinks kanseri: Tanı ve tedavide güncelleme

Öz

Nazofarengeal karsinom (NPC), baş boyun kanserleri arasında belirgin epidemiyolojik ve histolojik özelliklere sahiptir.

Hastalarda klinik bulgular, tümör boyutuna ve lenf nodu metastazlarının durumuna göre değişir. Tümör

anteriordan burun boşluğuna, pterygoid fossa veya maksiller sinüse, lateral olarak parafarengeal boşluğa ve infratemporal

fossaya ya da posterosuperiordan kraniyal baz, klivus ve intrakraniyal yapılara yayılabilir. Radyoterapi, primer

tedavidir. İleri merkezlerde yoğunluk modülasyonlu radyoterapi (IMRT) tercih edilen radyoterapi modülüdür. Eş

zamanlı kemoradyoterapi lokal ileri hastalığın standart tedavisidir. Standart rejim, 2 Gy günlük fraksiyonlarda brüt

tümöre 70 Gy radyasyon ve üç haftada bir 100 mg/m2 veya haftada bir 30-40 mg/m2 cisplatin içeren kemoterapinin

eklenmesidir.

Bu makalede, American Joint Committe on Cancer (AJCC) 8. baskı kılavuzlarındaki güncellenmiş evreleme, NPC’deki

tanı yöntemleri ve tedavi yöntemleri literatür ışığında gözden geçirilmiş ve sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• nazofarinks,kanser,tedavi

Kaynakça

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