Investigation of the Economic Dimensions of Choir Festivals-Festivities in Terms of Participating Choirs and Organizations: “Choral Tourism”

Year 2022, , 60 - 89, 30.06.2022

Emel Funda Türkmen , Mete Gökçe

https://doi.org/10.33906/musicologist.1000997

Abstract

Choirs constitute an important role in increasing the artistic, social, and academic quality. Choir festivals, in which choirs perform their works, have become widespread in Turkiye over the last ten years, and it is observed that the choirs not only participate in these festivals but also in festivals abroad. These festivals and events are important for choir members and conductors, as they provide opportunities for choirs to take stage outside their own environment. Choirs from all over the world participate in national-international festivals held in Turkiye and exhibit their works, and benefit from this as a social and touristic trip. Based on these views, choral festivals' economic dimensions were examined in terms of choirs and organizations. This research is a descriptive study in which data is collected through unstructured interview which constituted a small group. The main purpose of the research is to draw attention to "choral tourism".
In this research, a study was conducted on the expenditures of 3 choirs and 4 organizations in order to address choral festivals' economic dimension. The participation processes of the three choirs in festivals held in different cities were discussed, and what kind of expenditures a choir had was tried to be determined, based on their expenditures during the process. Therefore, it is desired that choir educators and conductors who participate in festivals will be informed regarding expenditures. Based on this research, it is concluded that choral festivals contribute to international cultural exchanges and increase tourism revenues.

Keywords

Choir Festivals, Festivities, Choral Tourism

References

• Aktaş, Aliye Mavili. (1997). Grup Süreci ve Grup Dinamikleri [Group Process and Group Dynamics]. İstanbul: Sistem Publ.
• Ali-Knight, Jane; Robertson, Martin. (2003). Festival and events management: Introduction to arts, culture and leisure. Yeoman, Ian; Robertson, Martin; Ali-Knight, Jane; Drummond, Siobhan, & McMahon-Beattie, Una (Eds.). London: Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group.
• Apaydın, Mustafa. (2001). “Koro ile Müzik Eğitiminin Toplumun Müziksel Düzeyini Geliştirmedeki Yeri ve Önemi” [The Place and Importance of Music Education with Choirs in Developing the Musical Level of Society] I. Ulusal Koro Eğitimi ve Yönetimi Sempozyumu [1st National Choir Education and Conductorship Symposium]. (pp.131-139). Gazi Konser Salonu. Ankara: Sevda Cenap and Müzik Vakfı Basımı.
• Atak, Onur. (2009). “Türk Turizminin Tanıtımında Festivallerin Yeri ve Önemi: Antalya Örneği” (The Place and Importance of Festivals in the Promotion of Turkish Tourism: The Case of Antalya) Master’s Thesis, İstanbul University, İstanbul: Turkiye.
• Atak, Onur; Tatar, Selma; Tunaseli, Arda. (2017). “Kültürel Miras Oluşumunda Festivallerin Yeri ve Önemi: Fethiye Müzik Köyü Üzerinde Bir Değerlendirme” (The Place and Importance of Festivals in the Formation of Cultural Heritage: An Evaluation of Fethiye Music Village) Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi (International Journal of Social Research). 10(52): 1396-1409. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17719/jisr.2017.1989
• Bilgili, Bilsen; Yağmur, Önder; Yazarkan, Hakan. (2012). “Turistik Ürün Olarak Festivallerin Etkinlik ve Verimliliği Üzerine Bir Araştırma (Erzurum-Oltu Kırdağ Festivali Örneği)” [A Research on the Efficiency and Efficiency of Festivals as Touristic Products (Example of Erzurum-Oltu Kırdağ Festival)], Uluslararası Sosyal ve Ekonomik Bilimler Dergisi (International Journal of Social and Economic Sciences) 2 (2): 117-124.
• Bozkurt, Ömer. (2008). Müzik Coğrafyasında Duraklar (Stops in Music Geography). Ankara: Sevda-Cenap And Müzik Vakfı Publ.
• Büyüköztürk, Şener; Çakmak, Ebru Kılıç; Akgün, Özcan Erkan; Karadeniz, Şirin; Demirel, Funda. (2011). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri (Scientific Research Methods). 9th edition. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yay.
• Coşkuner, Sonat. (2019). “Koro Eğitimi ve Performansında Soundpainting Yaklaşımı” (Soundpainting Approach in Choral Training and Performance). Art-e Sanat Dergisi [Journal of Art] 12(23): 157-166.
• Çelik, Ş. Abdurrahman (2011) Kültür Endüstrisi Üç Yanlış Bir Doğru [Culture Industry Three False One Right]. İstanbul: Literatür Pub.
• Çevik, Suna. (2015). Koro Eğitimi ve Yönetimi [Choir Training and Management]. Ankara: Müzik Eğitimi Pub.
• Demir, Oğuzhan, Ömer. (2010). “Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri” (Qualitative Research Methods). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri [Research Methods in Social Sciences]. Ed. Kaan Böke: pp.287-316. İstanbul: Alfa Basın Yayım Dağıtım San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti.
• Giritlioğlu, İbrahim; Olcay, Atınç; Özekici, Yakup Kemal. (2015). “Bir Turizm Çeşı̇tlı̇lı̇ğı̇ Olarak Festival Etkı̇nlı̇klerı̇nı̇n Sınıflandırılması: Türkiye Üzerı̇ne Bir Değerlendirme” (Classification of Festival Events as a Tourism Variety: An Evaluation of Turkiye). Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi (Ordu University Social Sciences Institute Journal of Social Sciences Research). 5(13): 306-323.
• Göncü, İlknur Özal; Azmioğlu, Semiha Senem. (2018). “Türkiye’deki Koro Şenlik / Festivallerinin Türk Koro Müziğine Katkılarının İncelenmesi” (Investigation of Contributions of Choral Festivals/Festivities in Turkiye to Turkish Choral Music). Turkish Studies Journal. 13(10): 833-844. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.13707
• Iványi, Tamas & Bíró-Szigeti, Szilvia. (2020). “Understanding Internal Connections of Music Festivals’ Experience Dimensions” Tourism and Hospitality Management, 26(2): 437-454. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.26.2.9
• Kahraman, Ceyhan Özdemir. (2020). “Festival Katılımcılarının Motivasyon, Memnuniyet ve Tekrar Ziyaret Eğilimlerinin Belirlenmesi: Uluslararası Fethiye Ölüdeniz Hava Oyunları Festivali Örneği” [Determining the Motivation, Satisfaction and Revisit Tendencies of Festival Participants: The Case of the International Fethiye Ölüdeniz Air Games Festival]. Master’s Thesis. İskenderun Technical University, İskenderun: Turkiye. Teknik Üniversitesi
• Kaynak, Tuğçe. (2018). “Çoksesli̇ Koro Eği̇ti̇mi̇ni̇n Çocukların Sosyal Gelişimlerine Olan Etkileri̇ Hakkında Ebeveyn Görüşleri̇” (Parents' Views on the Effects of Polyphonic Choir Education on Children's Social Development). Ekev Academic Review, 22(74): 339–346.
• Picard, David and Robinson, Mike (Eds.). (2006). “Remaking worlds” Festivals, Tourism And Social Change. Ed. David Picard and Mike Robinson, Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Channel View Publications. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.21832/9781845410490-003
• Say, Ahmet. (1995). The Music Makers in Turkiye. Ankara: Music Encyclopaedia Publication.
• Smith, Melanie, MacLeod, Nicola, & Hart, Robenson Margaret (2010). Key concepts in tourist studies. SAGE Publications.
• Steinz, Pieter (2016) Avrupa’yı Avrupa Yapan Değerler Avrupa Kıtasını Bir Arada Tutan Sanat (Made in Europe. De kunst die ons continent bindt). (Türkmen, Kadir, Trans.). İstanbul: Alfa Basım Yayım Dağ. San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. [Nieuw Amsterdam publishers, 2014].
• Şengül, Serkan; Genç, Koray (2016). “Festival Turizmi Kapsamında Yöresel Mutfak Kültürünün Destekleyici Ürün Olarak Kullanılması: Mudurnu İpekyolu Kültür Sanat ve Turizm Festivali Örneği” (Using Local Culinary Culture as a Supporting Product within the Scope of Festival Tourism: The Example of Mudurnu İpekyolu Culture, Art and Tourism Festival). Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (Pamukkale University Social Sciences Institute Journal), (23):79-89 Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/pausbed/issue/34747/384272
• Tokatlı, Cemre. (2019). “Yerel Halkın Festı̇vallerı̇n Etkı̇lerı̇ne Yönelik Algılarının Algılanan Değer, Festival Memnuniyeti̇ ve Festival Sadakati̇ Üzerı̇ndekı̇ Etkisi̇: Uluslararası Şı̇le Bezi̇ Kültür ve Sanat Festivali̇ Örneğı̇” (The Effect of Local People's Perceptions on the Effects of the Festivals on Perceived Value, Festival Satisfaction and Festive Loyalty: The Example of the International Gauze Culture and Art Festival). Master’s Thesis. Kırklareli Üniversitesi, Kırklareli: Turkiye.
• Türkmen, Uğur. (2018). Kültür Endüstrisinde Konservatuvarların Etkisi (The Impact of Conservatories in the Culture Industry), (Presented at International Symposium on Strategic Approaches in Music. İstanbul, Turkiye, 9-12 May 2018.
• Türkmen, Uğur (2021) Müziğin Sosyal Psikolojisi [Social Psychology of Music]. Ankara: İzge Basın Yay.
• Uçan, Ali. (2018) Müzik Eğitimi Temel Kavramlar-İlkeler-Yaklaşımlar ve Türkiye’deki Durum (Music Education Basic Concepts-Principles-Approaches and the Situation in Turkiye). Ankara: Arkadaş Pub.
• Zahradníková, Zuzana (2020). “The Choir Festival as an Opportunity to Develop the Music Skills of Secondary School Students” Roczniki Humanistyczne / Annals of Arts, 68(12):181–198. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.18290/rh206812-13