Research Article

Hermes Herm Rituals in Anatolia

Volume: 8 Number: 1 March 25, 2026
TR EN

Hermes Herm Rituals in Anatolia

Abstract

In this article the main topics are rituals and offerings regarding the Herms and Hermes. Herms are monuments consisting of a detailed head with a rectangular prism or cylinder shaped shaft, which originally depicted the god Hermes but over time came to represent other deities, demigods, heroes and even politically and culturally significant people such as poets or governors as well. Although there are examples where the upper part of the torso is also sculpted most of the herms feature only the designated characters head and the depiction of the phallus. Initially produced from readily available materials such as wood, herms were later made from a variety of different materials such as; marble, metal and terracotta. Although at first herms only depicted god Hermes; in later periods gods, goddesses and demigods such as Apollon, Herakles and Aphrodite are also depicted in this form. Thanks to the worship of the Hermes being connected to various areas such as; God of crossroads or protector god of gymnasiums and agoras we have a myriad of examples of Hermes herms. The Herms of Hermes were associated with a variety of cults related to travel, marriage, athletics, fortune, divination and more. This diversity necessitated research into the cult of Herm and its practices in Anatolia. The aim was to obtain detailed information about the types of cults specific to Hermes-Herm, the ways in which the cult was practiced, and the areas where it spread. After a brief mention of the duties of Hermes such as God of crossroads, wayfarers, herders and meadows as well as the guider of souls, which places the herm forms of this god is found and their meanings are examined. After an overview of the depictions of Hermes herms; ways of worship, details of libation and types of offerings are examined. Findings such as coins, parapets and steles as well as ancient texts are our primary sources to understand this topic. Research shows that cult of Hermes herms were more prominently featured in depictions related to cults of sports and death. Athletes offered sacrifices to Hermes to guarantee victory, while people sought to benefit from the god's guidance after death through offerings. Herms can be found as stand alone structures such as steles and figurines or as vital elements of many depictions in these depictions herms serves either as the main figure or as a sporting motif. In addition to these depictions, it is understood that Hermes herms were often invoked for fertility, good luck and fortune. Herm figures of this type are mostly depicted as single pieces rather than as part of a composition.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Research Project (BAP) with the project number FDK-2023-44.

Project Number

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Research Project (BAP) with the project number FDK-2023-44

Ethical Statement

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Araştırma Projesi (BAP), proje numarası FDK-2023-44

References

  1. Apuleius. (1914). Apologia. (H. E. Butler, Trans.) Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
  2. Aristophanes. (1860). Pax. (J. H. Richter, Trans.) Leipzig: Sumptus Fecit Libraria Nicolai.
  3. Aristotle. (1882). Parts of animals. (W. Ogle, Trans.) Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  4. Aristotle. (2013). Politics. (F. Akderin, Trans.) İstanbul: Say Press.
  5. Babrius. (1845). Fabulae. (G. Reimeri, Trans.) Toronto: Berolini: Typis et impensis G. Reimeri.
  6. Catullus. (2014). Carmina. (L. Krisak, Trans.) Manchester: Carcanet Press.
  7. Cicero. (1999). Letters to Atticus. (D. R. Bailey, Trans.) Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  8. Pausanias. (1886). Description of Greece. (W. Jones, Trans.) London: Harvard University Press.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Classical Greek and Roman History

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

March 25, 2026

Submission Date

October 20, 2025

Acceptance Date

March 23, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 8 Number: 1

APA
Kolenoğlu, D. A. (2026). Hermes Herm Rituals in Anatolia. OANNES - International Journal of Ancient History, 8(1), 49-62. https://doi.org/10.33469/oannes.1807190

21585     24714
 

OANNES Journal is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. (CC BY NC)
 

Only publications in the fields of Ancient History, Archeology and Ancient Languages and Cultures are accepted in OANNES Journal. Publications sent from other fields are not taken into consideration. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.tr