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ESG VERİLERİNİN FİRMALARIN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ: HAVAYOLU SEKTÖRÜ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 98 - 100, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1365

Öz

Amaç- Son yıllarda, dünyanın dört bir yanındaki finansal piyasalar, yatırım karar alma sürecinin araçlarından biri olarak çevresel, sosyal ve yönetişim (ESG: environmental, social and governance) faktörleri ile karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Bu nedenle ESG skorları finans dünyasındaki araştırmacıların artarak ilgi duyduğu bir alan olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Çalışmada öncelikle teorik alt yapısının hazırlanması için ESG verileri ile ilgili literatürde yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiştir. İncelenen literatürde ESG verilerinin finansal performansa etkisi ile ilgili havayolu sektöründe yapılan bir çalışmaya rastlanılmamıştır. Bu nedenle literatürde incelenen çalışmalardan ayrışmak için havayolu sektörü seçilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, havayolu sektöründe yer alan firmalar için hesaplanan ESG skorlarının firmaların finansal performansları üzerindeki etkisini test etmek amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem- Literatürde ESG verileri ile finansal performans arsındaki ilişkiyi test etmek için yapılan çalışmalarda hangi değişkenlerin kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. İncelenen çalışmalarda genel olarak bağımsız değişken olarak ESG Genel Skoru ile ESG bireysel skorları olan çevresel (E), sosyal (S) ve yönetişim (G) gibi skorların kullanıldığı, finansal performansı ölçmek için ise aktif karlılığı (ROA) özkaynak karlılığı (ROE) ve Tobin’s Q gibi oranların kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Değişkenler belirlendikten sonra çalışmada kullanılacak veri setinin hazırlanmaya başlanmıştır. Dünyadaki tüm havayolu firmaları evren olarak belirlenmiş ve dengeli bir panel veri setinin en uzun ve en geniş olduğu 2010-2017 yılları arasında ESG verilerine ve finansal verilerine ulaşılan 26 havayolu firması araştırmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırmaya konu firmaların verileri Thomson Reuters Eikon Veri Terminalinden temin edilmiş ve analize hazır hale getirilmiştir. Çalışmada analiz yöntemi olarak panel regresyon modeli kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular- Panel veri modellerinde sağlanması gereken varsayımlardan olan panel birim kök testleri yapılarak serilerin durağanlığı incelenmiştir. Durağan olmayan serilerde fark alınarak seriler durağanlaştırılmıştır. Daha sonra Çalışmada ESG genel skoru ve bireysel olarak kullanılan çevresel (E), sosyal (S) ve yönetişim (G) skorlarının özkaynak karlılığı (ROE), aktif karlılığı (ROA) ve Tobin’s Q oranları üzerindeki etkisini ölçmek için oluşturulan 6 farklı modelin hangi panel model kullanılarak test edileceğinin belirlenmesi için Hausman Testi yapılmıştır. Yapılan Hausman Testi sonuçları doğrultusunda beş modelde tesadüfi etkiler modeli kullanılırken bir modelde ise sabit etkiler modeli kullanılmıştır. ESG skorlarının finansal performans üzerindeki etkisini test etmek için Çevresel (E), sosyal (S) ve yönetişim (G) skorları ile finansal performans göstergeleri olan aktif karlılığı (ROA), özkaynak karlılığı (ROE) ve Tobin’s Q değişkenlerinin kullanıldığı modellerde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etki bir ilişki tespit edilemezken, ESG Genel Skoru ile kurulan modelde ise sadece Aktif Karlılığı (ROA) üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Sonuç- ESG skorlarının havayolu sektöründeki firmaların finansal performansı üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı sadece ESG genel skoru ile aktif karlılığı (ROA) arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada ulaşılan bu sonuçlar Minutolo vd. (2019), Velte (2017) ve Almeyda ve Darmansya (2019) tarafından yapılan çalışmalarda ulaşılan sonuçlarla benzerlik göstermektedir. Özetle ulaşılan sonuçlar, havayolu sektöründeki firmalar için hesaplanan ESG skorlarının firmaların finansal performansını etkilemediğini, havayolu sektörü yatırımcılarının ise ESG skorlarını çok dikkate almadığını göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Ahlklo, Y., & Lind, C. (2019). E, S or G? A study of ESG scoreand financial performance, Master of Science Thesis TRITA-ITM-EX 2019:12
  • Almeyda, R., & Darmansya, A. (2019). The Influence of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Disclosure on Firm Financial Performance. IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series, (5), 278-290.
  • Atan, R., Alam, M. M., Said, J., & Zamri, M. (2018). The impacts of environmental, social, and governance factors on firm performance. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal.
  • Balasubramanian, A. M. D. P. (2019). A Study On Relatıonshıp Between Corporate Fınancıal Performance And Envıronmental Socıal & Governance Score (Esg Score). FIFI-2019.
  • Bianchi, R. J., Drew, M. E., & Walk, A. N. (2010). On the responsible investment disclosure practices of the world's largest pension funds. Accounting Research Journal.
  • Brogi, M., & Lagasio, V. (2019). Environmental, social, and governance and company profitability: Are financial intermediaries different?. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 26(3), 576-587.
  • Dalal, K. K., & Thaker, N. (2019). ESG and Corporate Financial Performance: A Panel Study of Indian Companies. IUP Journal of Corporate Governance, 18(1), 44-59.
  • Duque-Grisales, E., & Aguilera-Caracuel, J. (2019). Environmental, social and governance (ESG) scores and financial performance of Multilatinas: Moderating effects of geographic international diversification and financial slack. Journal of Business Ethics, 1-20.
  • Düzer, M., & Saime, Ö. N. C. E. (2018). Sürdürülebilirlik Performans Göstergelerine İlişkin Açıklamaların Finansal Performans Üzerine Etkisi: Bist’te Bir Uygulama. Muhasebe ve Vergi Uygulamaları Dergisi, 11(1), 93-117.
  • Giannarakis, G., Konteos, G., Zafeiriou, E., & Partalidou, X. (2016). The impact of corporate social responsibility on financial performance. Investment management and financial innovations, (13, Iss. 3 (contin. 1)), 171-182.
  • Gujarati, D. N. (2009). Basic Econometrics. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Hassan, Y., & Roychowdhury, S. (2019). Nexus between sustainability management and financial performance-study on manufacturing firms from global emerging market. International Journal of Environment, Workplace and Employment, 5(3), 206-219.
  • Hsiao, C. (2014). Analysis Of Panel Data. Cambridge University Press (No. 54).
  • Lee, J. H., Kang, Y. S., & Kim, S. S. (2018). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance in Korean retail firms. Journal of Distribution Science, 16(5).
  • Li, Y., Gong, M., Zhang, X. Y., & Koh, L. (2018). The impact of environmental, social, and governance disclosure on firm value: The role of CEO power. The British Accounting Review, 50(1), 60-75.
  • Manrique, S., & Martí-Ballester, C. P. (2017). Analyzing the effect of corporate environmental performance on corporate financial performance in developed and developing countries. Sustainability, 9(11), 1957.
  • Minutolo, M. C., Kristjanpoller, W. D., & Stakeley, J. (2019). Exploring environmental, social, and governance disclosure effects on the S&P 500 financial performance. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28(6), 1083-1095.
  • Nollet, J., Filis, G., & Mitrokostas, E. (2016). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: A non-linear and disaggregated approach. Economic Modelling, 52, 400-407.
  • Ortas, E., Álvarez, I., & Garayar, A. (2015). The environmental, social, governance, and financial performance effects on companies that adopt the United Nations Global Compact. Sustainability, 7(2), 1932-1956.
  • Peıro, S. A., Segarra, O. M., Mondejar, J. J., & Vargas, V. M. (2013). Influence of the environmental, social and corporate governance ratings on the economic performance of companies: An overview.
  • Ting, I. W. K., Azizan, N. A., Bhaskaran, R. K., & Sukumaran, S. K. (2020). Corporate Social Performance and Firm Performance: Comparative Study among Developed and Emerging Market Firms. Sustainability, 12(1), 26.
  • Velte, P. (2017). Does ESG performance have an impact on financial performance? Evidence from Germany. Journal of Global Responsibility.
  • Yoon, B., Lee, J. H., & Byun, R. (2018). Does ESG performance enhance firm value? Evidence from Korea. Sustainability, 10(10), 3635.
  • Yu, E. P. Y., Guo, C. Q., & Luu, B. V. (2018). Environmental, social and governance transparency and firm value. Business Strategy and the Environment, 27(7), 987-1004.
  • Zhao, C., Guo, Y., Yuan, J., Wu, M., Li, D., Zhou, Y., & Kang, J. (2018). ESG and corporate financial performance: empirical evidence from China’s listed power generation companies. Sustainability, 10(8), 2607

EFFECT OF ESG DATA ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF COMPANIES: A STUDY ON THE AIRLINE SECTOR

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 98 - 100, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1365

Öz

Purpose- In recent years, financial markets around the world have faced environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors as one of the tools of investment decision-making. Therefore, ESG scores stand out as an area of increasing interest for researchers in the financial world. In the study, firstly, studies in the literature related to ESG data were examined in order to prepare the theoretical background. In the reviewed literature, there is no study conducted in the airline sector regarding the effect of ESG data on financial performance. For this reason, the airline sector was chosen to differentiate from the studies reviewed in the literature. In this study, it is aimed to test the effect of the ESG scores calculated for companies in the airline industry on the financial performance of companies.
Methodology- Which variables were used in studies conducted to test the relationship between ESG data and financial performance in the literature. In the studies reviewed, ESG General Score and ESG individual scores such as environmental (E), social (S) and governance (G) are used as independent variables, while return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and Tobin's It has been determined that rates such as Q are used. After the variables were determined, the data set to be used in the study was prepared. All airline companies in the world were determined as the universe, and 26 airline companies whose ESG data and financial data were accessed between 2010-2017, when a balanced panel data set was the longest and largest, were included in the study. The data of the companies subject to research were obtained from Thomson Reuters Eikon Data Terminal and made ready for analysis. Panel regression model was used as the analysis method in the study.
Findings- The stationarity of the series was examined by performing panel unit root tests, which is one of the assumptions to be provided in panel data models. The series are stabilized by taking the difference in non-stationary series. Then, in the study, which panel of 6 different models created to measure the effect of the ESG overall score and the environmental (E), social (S) and governance (G) scores used individually on return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA) and Tobin's Q ratios. Hausman Test was conducted to determine that it will be tested using the model. In line with the results of the Hausman Test, while random effects model was used in five models, fixed effects model was used in one model. To test the effect of ESG scores on financial performance, a statistically significant effect in models using Environmental (E), social (S) and governance (G) scores and financial performance indicators such as return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and Tobin's Q variables While no relationship could be determined, in the model established with the ESG Overall Score, it was concluded that there was only a statistically significant effect on Return on Assets (ROA).
Conclusion- It has been determined that the ESG scores do not have a statistically significant effect on the financial performance of companies in the airline industry, only that there is a statistically significant relationship between the ESG overall score and return on assets (ROA). These results reached in the study Minutolo et al. (2019), Velte (2017), and Almeyda and Darmansya (2019). In summary, the results show that the ESG scores calculated for companies in the airline industry do not affect the financial performance of companies, while airline sector investors do not take their ESG scores into consideration.

Kaynakça

  • Ahlklo, Y., & Lind, C. (2019). E, S or G? A study of ESG scoreand financial performance, Master of Science Thesis TRITA-ITM-EX 2019:12
  • Almeyda, R., & Darmansya, A. (2019). The Influence of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Disclosure on Firm Financial Performance. IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series, (5), 278-290.
  • Atan, R., Alam, M. M., Said, J., & Zamri, M. (2018). The impacts of environmental, social, and governance factors on firm performance. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal.
  • Balasubramanian, A. M. D. P. (2019). A Study On Relatıonshıp Between Corporate Fınancıal Performance And Envıronmental Socıal & Governance Score (Esg Score). FIFI-2019.
  • Bianchi, R. J., Drew, M. E., & Walk, A. N. (2010). On the responsible investment disclosure practices of the world's largest pension funds. Accounting Research Journal.
  • Brogi, M., & Lagasio, V. (2019). Environmental, social, and governance and company profitability: Are financial intermediaries different?. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 26(3), 576-587.
  • Dalal, K. K., & Thaker, N. (2019). ESG and Corporate Financial Performance: A Panel Study of Indian Companies. IUP Journal of Corporate Governance, 18(1), 44-59.
  • Duque-Grisales, E., & Aguilera-Caracuel, J. (2019). Environmental, social and governance (ESG) scores and financial performance of Multilatinas: Moderating effects of geographic international diversification and financial slack. Journal of Business Ethics, 1-20.
  • Düzer, M., & Saime, Ö. N. C. E. (2018). Sürdürülebilirlik Performans Göstergelerine İlişkin Açıklamaların Finansal Performans Üzerine Etkisi: Bist’te Bir Uygulama. Muhasebe ve Vergi Uygulamaları Dergisi, 11(1), 93-117.
  • Giannarakis, G., Konteos, G., Zafeiriou, E., & Partalidou, X. (2016). The impact of corporate social responsibility on financial performance. Investment management and financial innovations, (13, Iss. 3 (contin. 1)), 171-182.
  • Gujarati, D. N. (2009). Basic Econometrics. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Hassan, Y., & Roychowdhury, S. (2019). Nexus between sustainability management and financial performance-study on manufacturing firms from global emerging market. International Journal of Environment, Workplace and Employment, 5(3), 206-219.
  • Hsiao, C. (2014). Analysis Of Panel Data. Cambridge University Press (No. 54).
  • Lee, J. H., Kang, Y. S., & Kim, S. S. (2018). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance in Korean retail firms. Journal of Distribution Science, 16(5).
  • Li, Y., Gong, M., Zhang, X. Y., & Koh, L. (2018). The impact of environmental, social, and governance disclosure on firm value: The role of CEO power. The British Accounting Review, 50(1), 60-75.
  • Manrique, S., & Martí-Ballester, C. P. (2017). Analyzing the effect of corporate environmental performance on corporate financial performance in developed and developing countries. Sustainability, 9(11), 1957.
  • Minutolo, M. C., Kristjanpoller, W. D., & Stakeley, J. (2019). Exploring environmental, social, and governance disclosure effects on the S&P 500 financial performance. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28(6), 1083-1095.
  • Nollet, J., Filis, G., & Mitrokostas, E. (2016). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: A non-linear and disaggregated approach. Economic Modelling, 52, 400-407.
  • Ortas, E., Álvarez, I., & Garayar, A. (2015). The environmental, social, governance, and financial performance effects on companies that adopt the United Nations Global Compact. Sustainability, 7(2), 1932-1956.
  • Peıro, S. A., Segarra, O. M., Mondejar, J. J., & Vargas, V. M. (2013). Influence of the environmental, social and corporate governance ratings on the economic performance of companies: An overview.
  • Ting, I. W. K., Azizan, N. A., Bhaskaran, R. K., & Sukumaran, S. K. (2020). Corporate Social Performance and Firm Performance: Comparative Study among Developed and Emerging Market Firms. Sustainability, 12(1), 26.
  • Velte, P. (2017). Does ESG performance have an impact on financial performance? Evidence from Germany. Journal of Global Responsibility.
  • Yoon, B., Lee, J. H., & Byun, R. (2018). Does ESG performance enhance firm value? Evidence from Korea. Sustainability, 10(10), 3635.
  • Yu, E. P. Y., Guo, C. Q., & Luu, B. V. (2018). Environmental, social and governance transparency and firm value. Business Strategy and the Environment, 27(7), 987-1004.
  • Zhao, C., Guo, Y., Yuan, J., Wu, M., Li, D., Zhou, Y., & Kang, J. (2018). ESG and corporate financial performance: empirical evidence from China’s listed power generation companies. Sustainability, 10(8), 2607
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Finans, İşletme
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Muhammet Emin Sısman Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-7431-872X

Serkan Cankaya Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-3010-0697

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Sısman, M. E., & Cankaya, S. (2020). ESG VERİLERİNİN FİRMALARIN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ: HAVAYOLU SEKTÖRÜ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA. PressAcademia Procedia, 12(1), 98-100. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1365
AMA Sısman ME, Cankaya S. ESG VERİLERİNİN FİRMALARIN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ: HAVAYOLU SEKTÖRÜ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA. PAP. Aralık 2020;12(1):98-100. doi:10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1365
Chicago Sısman, Muhammet Emin, ve Serkan Cankaya. “ESG VERİLERİNİN FİRMALARIN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ: HAVAYOLU SEKTÖRÜ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA”. PressAcademia Procedia 12, sy. 1 (Aralık 2020): 98-100. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1365.
EndNote Sısman ME, Cankaya S (01 Aralık 2020) ESG VERİLERİNİN FİRMALARIN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ: HAVAYOLU SEKTÖRÜ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA. PressAcademia Procedia 12 1 98–100.
IEEE M. E. Sısman ve S. Cankaya, “ESG VERİLERİNİN FİRMALARIN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ: HAVAYOLU SEKTÖRÜ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA”, PAP, c. 12, sy. 1, ss. 98–100, 2020, doi: 10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1365.
ISNAD Sısman, Muhammet Emin - Cankaya, Serkan. “ESG VERİLERİNİN FİRMALARIN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ: HAVAYOLU SEKTÖRÜ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA”. PressAcademia Procedia 12/1 (Aralık 2020), 98-100. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1365.
JAMA Sısman ME, Cankaya S. ESG VERİLERİNİN FİRMALARIN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ: HAVAYOLU SEKTÖRÜ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA. PAP. 2020;12:98–100.
MLA Sısman, Muhammet Emin ve Serkan Cankaya. “ESG VERİLERİNİN FİRMALARIN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ: HAVAYOLU SEKTÖRÜ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA”. PressAcademia Procedia, c. 12, sy. 1, 2020, ss. 98-100, doi:10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1365.
Vancouver Sısman ME, Cankaya S. ESG VERİLERİNİN FİRMALARIN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ: HAVAYOLU SEKTÖRÜ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA. PAP. 2020;12(1):98-100.

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