Examining the Effects of Physical Variables in Classrooms on Students' Attention via the Internet of Things

Abdulkerim Aydın; Yüksel Göktaş

doi:10.17275/per.23.9.10.1

EN

Examining the Effects of Physical Variables in Classrooms on Students' Attention via the Internet of Things

Abstract

This study aims to examine the effects of physical variables (temperature, humidity, air quality, light, and sound) and those pertaining to the monitoring these physical variables on a group of students in terms of attention, motivation, attitudes, and perceptions of academic achievement (POA). The students were provided with a chance to monitor the physical variables through the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. This study employed a causal comparative design, which is a quantitative research method. The sample chosen by convenience sampling consisted of 262 undergraduate students from five different educational environments in the faculty of education of a large state university located in the Northeast Turkey. A prototype measuring the physical variables of the educational environments and enabling to send these to the internet was developed in the context of an IoT application, and it was ensured that the students in the five different educational environments monitored the physical variables for six weeks. Data were collected by use of the prototype created in the framework of IoT and a questionnaire. Consequently, it was concluded that the physical variables did not have significant effects on attitudes, but temperature, air quality, light, and sound had significant effects on students’ attention, motivation, and perceptions of academic achievement. Furthermore, results showed that monitoring the physical variables caused a difference in the students’ motivation, attention, attitudes, and POA.

Keywords

internet of things, education, physical variables, learning environment, air quality, smart classroom

Supporting Institution

* This study was created from the master's thesis titled " Examining the influence of physical variables in classrooms on students via internet of things application “.

References

Airasian, P. W., & Gay, L. R. (2003). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and application. Prentice Hall. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2018.1.2.1
Atzori, L., Iera, A., & Morabito, G. (2010). The internet of things: A survey. Computer networks. 54(15), 2787-2805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2010.05.010
Bako-Biro, Z., Clements-Croome, D. J., Kochhar, N., Awbi, H. B., & Williams, M. J. (2012). Ventilation rates in school sand pupils’ performance. Building and Environment, 48, 215-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.08.018
Barrett, P. S., Zhang, Y., Davies, F., & Barrett, L. C. (2015). Clever classrooms: Summary report of the HEAD project. University of Salford. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/35221
Başaran, I. E. (1996). Eğitim Psikolojisi. Ankara: Gül Yayınevi.
Belissent, J. (2010). Getting clever about smart cities: new opportunities require new business models. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Cech, P. (2016). Smart Classroom Study Design for Analysing the Effect of Environmental Conditions on Students’ Comfort. Intelligent Environments, 21, 14–23. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-690-3-14
Choi, K., & Suk, H. J. (2016). Dynamic lighting system for the learning environment: performance of elementary students. Optics express, 24(10), A907-A916. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.24.00A907
Daisey, J. M., Angell, W. J., & Apte, M. G. (2003). Indoor air quality, ventilation and health symptoms in schools: an analysis of existing information. Indoor air, 13(1), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0668.2003.00153.x
Driscoll, M. P. (2000). Psychology of learning for instruction. Needham Heights, MA: A Division of Paramount Publishing.

Emmons, M., &Wilkinson, F. C. (2001). Designing the electronic classroom: Applying learning theory and ergonomic design principles. Library hi tech, 19(1), 77-87. https://doi.org/10.1108/07378830110384610
Evans, D. (2011). The internet of things: How the next evolution of the internet is changing everything. CISCO whitepaper, 1(2011), 1-11. http://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en_us/about/ac79/docs/innov/IoT_IBSG_0411FINAL.pdf. Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., &Hyun, H. H. (2011). How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw-Hill.
Gay, L. R., & Airasian, P. (2000). Educational research: Competencies for. Analysis and application (6th edition). Ohio: Prentice Hall.
Grove (2017). Retrieved June 27, 2020, from http://wiki.seeed.cc/Grove_Starter_Kit_v3/.
Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., & Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future Generation Computer Systems, 29(7), 1645-1660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2013.01.010
Guntha, R., Hariharan, B., & Rangan, P. V. (2016). Analysis of Echo Cancellation Techniquesin Multi-Perspective Smart Classroom. International Conference On Advances In Computing, Communications And Informatics (ICACCI), 1135-1140. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACCI.2016.7732197
Illeris, K. (Ed.). (2009). Contemporary theories of learning: learning theorists in their own words. Routledge.
Johnson, E. (2001). Let’s hear it for learning: Improving classroom acoustics can maximize student productivity at a minimal cost. American School and University, 73(11), 28–30.
Kaur, A., Bhatia, M., & Stea, G. (2022). A Survey of Smart Classroom Literature. Education Sciences, 12(2), 86. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12020086
Lau, J., & Ng, K. M. (2014). Conceptualizing the counselling training environment using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 36(4), 423-439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-014-9220-5
Lei, S. A. (2010). Classroom physical design influencing student learning and evaluations of college instructors: A review of literature. Education, 131(1), 128-135.
McMillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2010). Research in education. Evidence-based research (7th ed.) London: Pearson.
Orosa, J. A., Costa, Á. M., Rodríguez-Fernández, Á., &Roshan, G. (2014). Effect of climate change on outdoor thermal comfort in humid climates. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 12(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-336X-12-46
Palau, R., & Mogas, J. (2019). Systematic literature review for a characterization of the smart learning environments. In A. M. Cruz & A. I. Aguilar (Eds.), Propuestas multidisciplinares de innovación e intervención educativa. Universidad Internacional de Valencia.
Recalde, J. M., Palau, R., Galés, N. L., & Gallon, R. (2020). Developments for smart classrooms: School perspectives and needs. International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning (IJMBL), 12(4), 34-50. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijmbl.2020100103
Schunk, D. H. (2009). Öğrenme teorileri. (Çev. Muzaffer Şahin) Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
Seppanen, O., Fisk, W. J., & Lei, Q. H. (2006). Effect of temperature on task performance in office environment. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Solso, R. L., Maclin, M. K., &Maclin, O. H. (2007). Bilişsel psikoloji (Çev. A. Ayçiçeği-Dinn). İstanbul: Kitabevi.
Şimşek, A. (2009). Öğretim tasarımı. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
Tanner, C. K. (2009). Effects of school design on student outcomes. Journal of Educational Administration, 47(3), 381-399. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230910955809
Uzelac, A., Gligoric, N., & Krco, S. (2015). A comprehensive study of parameters in physical environment that impact students’ focus during lecture using Internet of Things. Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 427-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.023
Wargocki, P., & Wyon, D. P. (2007). The effects of moderately raised classroom temperatures and classroom ventilation rate on the performance of school work by children (RP-1257). Hvac & RResearch, 13(2), 193-220. https://doi.org/10.1080/10789669.2007.10390951
Wells, V. K., & Daunt, K. L. (2016). Eduscape: The effects of servicescapes and emotions in academic learning environments. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 40(4), 486-508. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2014.984599

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Other Fields of Education

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Abdulkerim Aydın ^*
0000-0003-4657-3683
Türkiye

Yüksel Göktaş
0000-0002-7341-2466
Türkiye

Publication Date

January 30, 2023

Submission Date

June 21, 2022

Acceptance Date

November 21, 2022

Published in Issue

Year 2023 Volume: 10 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17275/per.23.9.10.1

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA76PP63JS

APA

Aydın, A., & Göktaş, Y. (2023). Examining the Effects of Physical Variables in Classrooms on Students’ Attention via the Internet of Things. Participatory Educational Research, 10(1), 160-177. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.23.9.10.1

AMA

1.Aydın A, Göktaş Y. Examining the Effects of Physical Variables in Classrooms on Students’ Attention via the Internet of Things. PER. 2023;10(1):160-177. doi:10.17275/per.23.9.10.1

Chicago

Aydın, Abdulkerim, and Yüksel Göktaş. 2023. “Examining the Effects of Physical Variables in Classrooms on Students’ Attention via the Internet of Things”. Participatory Educational Research 10 (1): 160-77. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.23.9.10.1.

EndNote

Aydın A, Göktaş Y (January 1, 2023) Examining the Effects of Physical Variables in Classrooms on Students’ Attention via the Internet of Things. Participatory Educational Research 10 1 160–177.

IEEE

[1]A. Aydın and Y. Göktaş, “Examining the Effects of Physical Variables in Classrooms on Students’ Attention via the Internet of Things”, PER, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 160–177, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.17275/per.23.9.10.1.

ISNAD

Aydın, Abdulkerim - Göktaş, Yüksel. “Examining the Effects of Physical Variables in Classrooms on Students’ Attention via the Internet of Things”. Participatory Educational Research 10/1 (January 1, 2023): 160-177. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.23.9.10.1.

JAMA

1.Aydın A, Göktaş Y. Examining the Effects of Physical Variables in Classrooms on Students’ Attention via the Internet of Things. PER. 2023;10:160–177.

MLA

Aydın, Abdulkerim, and Yüksel Göktaş. “Examining the Effects of Physical Variables in Classrooms on Students’ Attention via the Internet of Things”. Participatory Educational Research, vol. 10, no. 1, Jan. 2023, pp. 160-77, doi:10.17275/per.23.9.10.1.

Vancouver

1.Abdulkerim Aydın, Yüksel Göktaş. Examining the Effects of Physical Variables in Classrooms on Students’ Attention via the Internet of Things. PER. 2023 Jan. 1;10(1):160-77. doi:10.17275/per.23.9.10.1

Cited By

IoT Integration Approaches into Personalized Online Learning: Systematic Review

Computers

https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14020063

Environmental Conditions and Their Impact on Student Concentration and Learning in University Environments: A Case Study of Education for Sustainability

Sustainability

https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031071

Impact of the Built Environment on Occupants’ Well-Being-Related Perceptions and Health Behaviors: A Scoping Review

European Review of Applied Psychology

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2025.101140

Developing Sustainability Problem-Solving Skills Through Internet of Things Projects

Sustainability

https://doi.org/10.3390/su172210367

27707

Creative Commons Atıf 4.0 International Lisance

download?token=eyJhdXRoX3JvbGVzIjpbXSwiZW5kcG9pbnQiOiJqb3VybmFsIiwib3JpZ2luYWxuYW1lIjoicGVyIHNjb3B1cyBpc3RhdHRpc3Rpay5wbmciLCJwYXRoIjoiOTg5Ni9mN2E1LzU3ZDcvNmEyMmIyZmFlMGJkYjYuMDUyNjIyMDMucG5nIiwiZXhwIjoxNzgwNjYyNTM5LCJub25jZSI6IjcxYzczMjhhOTdkOWYxM2ExZjE2NWExYjQyMzMyOWJhIn0.g4uvJoi6Oy8W0gRoUNW-d5FO9m4u30pEA0l1h8DwzSE