Parental Involvement in Math Homework: Mediating Roles of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

Mustafa Özgenel; Süleyman Avcı; Akif Avcu; Soner Kayapinar; Serdar Paşaoğlu; Reha Bıyık; Sevgi Özdemir

doi:10.17275/per.26.38.13.3

Parental Involvement in Math Homework: Mediating Roles of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

Abstract

Parental involvement in homework plays a critical role in shaping students’ motivational resources and academic outcomes, yet the mechanisms underlying these relationships remain insufficiently understood. Addressing this gap, the present study examined the mediating roles of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and homework self-efficacy in the relationship between parental homework involvement (support and control) and students’ homework completion and academic achievement. Data were collected from 629 middle and high school students using validated self-report instruments, including the Perceived Parental Homework Involvement Scale, the Students’ Motivation for Homework Scale, and the Mathematics Homework Self-Efficacy Scale. Homework completion was assessed with a single-item measure, and academic achievement was indexed using students’ mathematics report card grades. Structural equation modelling was employed to test the hypothesized mediation model, and multi-group analyses were conducted to examine the moderating effect of school level. The results indicated that perceived parental support was positively associated with intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy, whereas perceived parental control was primarily related to extrinsic motivation. Parental support indirectly predicted both homework completion and academic achievement through motivational variables, with self-efficacy emerging as the strongest predictor of academic outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of need-supportive parental involvement in fostering students’ motivational processes and academic success.

Keywords

Parental homework involvement, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, mathematics achievement

Supporting Institution

İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim University

Project Number

2024-BAP-400-012

Ethical Statement

This study received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, under the document number 2024/04.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Basic Training (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Mustafa Özgenel ^*
0000-0002-7276-4865
Türkiye

Süleyman Avcı
0000-0003-3185-3914
Türkiye

Akif Avcu
0000-0003-1977-7592
Türkiye

Soner Kayapinar
0009-0009-4081-4758
Türkiye

Serdar Paşaoğlu
0009-0001-8876-7091
Türkiye

Reha Bıyık
0009-0005-1977-5361
Türkiye

Sevgi Özdemir
0000-0002-6988-5586
Türkiye

Publication Date

May 4, 2026

Submission Date

November 13, 2025

Acceptance Date

February 24, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 13 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17275/per.26.38.13.3

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA54RB26GX

APA

Özgenel, M., Avcı, S., Avcu, A., Kayapinar, S., Paşaoğlu, S., Bıyık, R., & Özdemir, S. (2026). Parental Involvement in Math Homework: Mediating Roles of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation. Participatory Educational Research, 13(3), 142-161. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.26.38.13.3

AMA

1.Özgenel M, Avcı S, Avcu A, et al. Parental Involvement in Math Homework: Mediating Roles of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation. PER. 2026;13(3):142-161. doi:10.17275/per.26.38.13.3

Chicago

Özgenel, Mustafa, Süleyman Avcı, Akif Avcu, et al. 2026. “Parental Involvement in Math Homework: Mediating Roles of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation”. Participatory Educational Research 13 (3): 142-61. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.26.38.13.3.

EndNote

Özgenel M, Avcı S, Avcu A, Kayapinar S, Paşaoğlu S, Bıyık R, Özdemir S (May 1, 2026) Parental Involvement in Math Homework: Mediating Roles of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation. Participatory Educational Research 13 3 142–161.

IEEE

[1]M. Özgenel et al., “Parental Involvement in Math Homework: Mediating Roles of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation”, PER, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 142–161, May 2026, doi: 10.17275/per.26.38.13.3.

ISNAD

Özgenel, Mustafa - Avcı, Süleyman - Avcu, Akif - Kayapinar, Soner - Paşaoğlu, Serdar - Bıyık, Reha - Özdemir, Sevgi. “Parental Involvement in Math Homework: Mediating Roles of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation”. Participatory Educational Research 13/3 (May 1, 2026): 142-161. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.26.38.13.3.

JAMA

1.Özgenel M, Avcı S, Avcu A, Kayapinar S, Paşaoğlu S, Bıyık R, Özdemir S. Parental Involvement in Math Homework: Mediating Roles of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation. PER. 2026;13:142–161.

MLA

Özgenel, Mustafa, et al. “Parental Involvement in Math Homework: Mediating Roles of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation”. Participatory Educational Research, vol. 13, no. 3, May 2026, pp. 142-61, doi:10.17275/per.26.38.13.3.

Vancouver

1.Mustafa Özgenel, Süleyman Avcı, Akif Avcu, Soner Kayapinar, Serdar Paşaoğlu, Reha Bıyık, Sevgi Özdemir. Parental Involvement in Math Homework: Mediating Roles of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation. PER. 2026 May 1;13(3):142-61. doi:10.17275/per.26.38.13.3