Predictive Effect of Adolescents' Body Cathexis on General Self-efficacy and The Use of Instagram

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 476 - 492, 01.04.2021

Abdullah Dalkıç Zöhre Kaya

https://doi.org/10.17275/per.21.50.8.2

Cited By: 1

Öz

This research aims to investigate whether adolescents' body-cathexis predicted general self-efficacy by using Instagram. The study employs correlational research model and was conducted with a total of 790 students, including 503 women and 207 men. Body-Cathexis Scale and General Self-efficacy Scale were used to collect data. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and item analysis (item total correlation and Cronbach Alpha) were conducted for the reliability and validity of the scales. Data were analysed utilizing Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression analysis. The findings show that initiating and resilience sub-scales of the general self-efficacy scores are at a good level. Persuasion subscale is at medium level and the participants have positive body-cathexis. The relationship between adolescents' body-cathexis and general self-efficacy was positive and body-cathexis and the use of Instagram together explained 12% of the change in general self-efficacy. Accordingly, while body-cathexis has a positive and significant effect on general self-efficacy, the use of Instagram has no significant effect on general self-efficacy alone. According to the hierarchical regression analysis, the use of Instagram has no moderator role in the relationship between body-cathexis and general self-efficacy. As a result, it is important for adolescents to develop the body-cathexis and general for personality, self-confidence as well as to cope with negative emotions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

The use of Instagram, body-cathexis, general self-efficacy, adolescent, moderator, prediction

Proje Numarası

SYL-2018-723

Kaynakça

• Aktaş, H., & Tepe, M. (2015). Approaches of university students on represented woman body in ads: The case of Amasya University. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 1 (2), 612-624.
• Alcı, B. (2007). Students of Yıldız Technical University relationship between the explanatory and predictive relationships the points of achievement in ÖSS, perceived problem solving abilities, self efficacy perception and metacognitive self regulation strategies. Doctoral dissertation, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey. Anbar, H. (2013). Examining the relationship between body perception variable and various variables in high school students and validity and reliability study of body perception scale. License Thesis, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
• Arslan, G. (2012). Adolescent problem behaviors in high school studiyng to investigate in family problems and family structure. Master’s Thesis, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
• Arslan, G., & Balkıs, M. (2016). Ergenlerde duygusal istismar, problem davranışlar, öz-yeterlik ve psikolojik sağlamlık arasındaki ilişki [The relationship between emotional maltreatment, problem behaviors, psychological resilience, and self efficacy in adolescents]. Sakarya University Journal of Education 6(1), 8-22.
• Arslangiray, N. (2013). University students' predictive power of attachment styles and gender role attitudes on body image. Master’s Thesis, Ankara University, Ankara,Turkey.
• Atwater, E. (1990). Psychology of adjustment personal growth in a changing world. 4. Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
• Ayan, G. (2016). The use of identity construction in social media in the context of consumer culture: The case of instagram. Master’s Thesis, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
• Babacan Gumuş, A., Çevik, N., Hataf Hyusni, S., Biçen, Ş., Keskin, G., & Tuna Malak, A. (2011). Characteristics associated with self-esteem and body image in pregnancy. Anatolian Journal of Clinical Investigation, 5(1),7-14.
• Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122-147. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122
• Bandura, A. (1989). Social cognitive theory. Annals of Child Development, (6), 1-60.
• Bandura, A. (1994). Self-efficacy. Encyclopedia of Human Behavior,(4), 71-81.
• Bandura, A., Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Pastorelli, C., & Regalia, C. (2001). Socio-cognitive self-regulatory mechanisms governing transgressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (80), 125–135.
• Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
• Bayköse, N., & Esin, İ. (2019). Sporda beden imajı ve sosyal medya etkisi: Sosyal karşılaştırma kuramı çerçevesinde facebook kullanımının beden imajına etkileri üzerine bir derleme [Body Image and Social Media Effect in Sports: A Review on the Effects of Facebook Usage on Body Image in the Context of Social Comparison Theory]. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(1), 67-80.
• Bektaş, D.Y. (2004). Ergenlerde beden imgesi üzerine bir çalışma [A study about body image in adolescence]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 22, 67-75.
• Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (14. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi
• Cohen, L. H. (2016). The relationship between Instagram usage and young women’s body image satisfaction and appearance concerns. Doctoral dissertation, William James University.
• Çelen, N. (2008), Ergenlik ve genç yetişkinlik. İstanbul: Papatya Yayıncılık.
• de Vries, D. A., Peter, J., de Graaf, H., & Nikken, P. (2016). Adolescents’ social network site use, peer appearance-related feedback, and body dissatisfaction: Testing a mediation model. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(1), 211-224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0266-4
• Dion, N. A. (2015). The effect of Instagram on self-esteem and life satisfaction. Honor dissertation, Salem State University.
• Ercan, D. M. (2018). Relationship between social media exposure and body image in late adolescence. Master’s Thesis, Üsküdar University, İstanbul,Turkey.
• Esnola, I., Rodrigues, A., & Goni, A. (2010). Body dissatisfaction and perceived socio-cultural pressures: Gender and age differences. Salud Mental, 33(1), 21-29.
• Eşiyok Sönmez, E., & Özgen, Ö. (2017). Medya kullanımı ve beden imajı: Türkiye ve İngiltere örneği [Media usage and body image: An example of turkey and the Uk]. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, (27), 78-95.
• Fardouly, J., & Vartanian, L. R. (2015). Negative comparisons about one's appearance mediate the relationship between Facebook usage and body image concerns. Science Direct, 82-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.10.004
• Fardouly, J., & Vartanian, L. R. (2016). Social media and body image concerns: Current research and future directions. Current Opinion in Psychology, (9), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.09.005
• Gomez, K., Villalobos, S., & Fausto, M. (2015, June). Instagram's relationship to body dissatisfaction. Research dissertation, California State University.
• Güvenen, G. (2017). Determination of the effect of social media and mass media on high school students' body perception and social appearance anxiety. Master’s Thesis, Haliç University, İstanbul,Turkey.
• Haris, N., Majid, R. A., Abdullah, N., & Osman, R. (2014, September). The role of social media in supporting elderly quality daily life. In 2014 3rd International Conference on User Science and Engineering (i-USEr) (pp. 253-257). IEEE.
• Hazar, M. (2011). Sosyal medya bağımlılığı-bir alan çalışması [Social media dependency-filed survey]. Gazi Üniversitesi İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, (32), 151-176.
• Helman, C. G. (2001). Culture, health and illness. Retrieved Sembtember, 2018 from https://www.routledge.com/Culture-Health-and-Illness-Fifth edition/Helman/p/book/9780340914502.
• Hovardaoğlu, S. (1993). Vücut algısı ölçeği [The Appraisal of Body-Cathexis]. Psikiyatri, Psikoloji, Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi, 1(1), 26.
• Hu S., Liu H., & Gu J. (2018). What role does self efficacy play in developing cultural intelligence from social media usage? Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 28, 172-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2018.01.009
• Huang, H. (2016). Media use, environmental beliefs, self-efficacy, and pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Business Research, 69(6), 2206-2212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.12.031 Hutchinson, M. G. (1982). Transforming body image: Your body, friend or foe. New England Association for Women in Pychology (Eds), In Current feminist issues in psychotherapy, (pp. 59-68). New York: Routledge.
• Jung, J., & Lee, S. H. (2006). Cross‐cultural comparisons of appearance self‐schema, body image, self‐esteem, and dieting behavior between Korean and US women. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 34 (4), 350- 365. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077727X06286419
• Karagöz, N., & Karagün, E. (2015). Profesyonel sporcuların beden imajı üzerine betimsel bir çalışma [ A descriptive study on the body image of professional athletes]. Sport Sciences, 10(4), 34-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12739/NWSA.2015.10.4.2B0102
• Kılıç, N., Mammadov M., Koçhan K., & Aypay, A. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinde genel öz-yeterlik inancı ve beden imajının psikolojik sağlamlılık düzeyini yordama gücü [The predictive power of general self-efficacy beliefs and body images of university students on resilience]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1-13. doi: 10.16986/HUJE.2018044245
• Koçak, E. (2017). The relationship between personality traıts and behaviors of Instagram users vs. non-users. Master Thesis, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey. Kumar, R., & Lal, R. (2006). The role of self-efficacy and gender difference among the adolescents. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 32(3), 249-254.
• Luszczynska, A., Gutiérrez‐Doña, B., & Schwarzer, R. (2005). General self‐efficacy in various domains of human functioning: Evidence from five countries. International journal of Psychology, 40(2), 80-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207590444000041
• Mcleod, S. (2016). Bandura social learning theory. Retrieved December, 2017, from www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.html.
• Oğuz, G. Y. (2005). Bir güzellik miti olarak incelik ve kadınlarla ilgili beden imgesinin televizyonda sunumu [Thinnes as a beauty myth and the representation of women’s body image on Television]. Selçuk Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Akademik Dergisi, 4(1), 31-37.
• Yu, J. O., & Cho, Y. B. (2005). The effect of an internet community on knowledge, self-efficacy and self care behavior in workers with hypertension. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 35(7), 1258-1267. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.7.1258
• Ormrod, J. E. (2018). Öğrenme Psikolojisi, (Çev. Ed. Mustafa Baloğlu), Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık. Özcan, H., Subaşı, B., Budak, B., Çelik, M., Gürel, Ş. C., & Yıldız, M. (2013). Ergenlik ve genç yetişkinlik dönemindeki kadınlarda benlik saygısı, sosyal görünüş kaygısı, depresyon ve anksiyete İlişkisi [Relationship between self-esteem, social appearence anxiety, depression and anxiety in adolescent and young adult women]. Journal Of Mood Disorders, 3(3), 107-113. https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20130507015148
• Perloff, R. M. (2014). Social media effects on young women’s body image concerns: Theoretical perspectives and an agenda for research. Sex Roles, 71, 363–377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-014-0384-6
• Sarwer, D. B., & Polonsky, H. M. (2016). Body image and body contouring procedures. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 36(9), 1039-1047. https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjw127
• Secord, P. F., & Jourard, S. M. (1953). The appraisal of body-cathexis: body-cathexis and the self. Journal of consulting psychology, 17(5), 343. doi:10.1037/h0060689 Sepetci, N. (2017). Collapse of perceptin of privacy in social media: A research on instagram. Master Thesis, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey.
• Sherer, M., & Adams, C. H. (1983). Construct validation of the self-efficacy scale. Psychological Reports, 53(3), 899-902. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1983.53.3.899
• Sherer, M., Maddux, J. E., Mercadante, B., Prentice-Dunn, S., Jacobs, B., & Rogers, R. W. (1982). The self-efficacy scale: construction and validation. Psychological Reports, 51: 663-671. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1982.51.2.663
• Tarhan, S. (1995). Lise öğrencilerinin beden imajlarından hoşnut olma düzeylerinin özsaygıları ve akademik başarıları üzerindeki etkisi [The effect of high school students' satisfaction with their body images on their self-esteem and academic success]. Master Thesis, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
• Tong, Y., & Shanggui, S. (2004). A Study on general self-efficacy and subjective well-being of low ses college students in a Chinese university. College Students Journal, 38 (4), 637-642.
• Uğurlu, N., & Akın, H. (2008). Muğla Sağlık Yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin beden benlik algısı ve psikolojik sıkıntı belirtileri ile ilişkisi [Relation of body-ego perception with symptoms psychological distress of Muğla university school of health students]. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 11(4), 38-47.
• Uğurlu, Ö. (2015). Kadının benlik sunumunun güncel bir aracı olarak sosyal ağlar bir tasarım unsuru: Kusursuzlaştırma [Actual agents of women’s self presentation social networks a design factor: ‘Make Glorious’]. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(1), 231-248.
• Uşkun, E., & Şabaplı, A. (2013). Lise öğrencilerinin beden algıları ile yeme tutumları arasındaki ilişki [The relationship between body image and eating attitudes of secondary school students]. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletine, 12(5), 519-528. doi:10.5455/pmb.1-1343135122
• Yardımcı, F., & Başbakkal, Z. (2010). Ortaokul öz-yeterlilik ölçeğinin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması [A study of validity and reliability of Middle School Self-Efficacy Scale]. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 11, 321-326. Yıldırım, F., & İlhan, İ.Ö. (2010). Genel öz-yeterlilik ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması [The Validity and reliability of the general self-efficacy scale-Turkish form]. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21(4), 301-308.