Molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensors for the analysis of antiviral drugs used in SARS-CoV-2: Innovations and recent applications

Abstract

Viruses that cause infectious diseases pose a vital threat to the health of living beings. Antiviral drugs are widely used to treat these diseases. In recent years, due to the prevalence of infectious diseases and global epidemics, the use of antiviral medications has become increasingly widespread. In recent years, antiviral drugs, particularly SARS-CoV-2, have been used in the treatment of COVID-19, an infectious disease that has caused significant deaths worldwide. These drugs are primarily used to reduce the effects of viruses, prevent their spread, and treat the disease. Therefore, MIP-based electrochemical sensors are widely used to provide rapid, sensitive, reliable, stable, and, most importantly, selective detection of antiviral drugs. Furthermore, MIPs can be integrated into miniature devices, are reusable, and possess a highly stable structure even under harsh conditions. A review of the literature reveals that these significant advantages of MIP-based electrochemical sensors have made them a substantial asset in the selective and sensitive determination of antiviral drugs. This study investigates the applications, sensor designs, and properties of MIP-based electrochemical sensors, specifically designed for the drugs favipiravir, lopinavir, remdesivir, ribavirin, and umifenovir, which have been widely used in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections in recent years, in both pharmaceutical and biological samples. Furthermore, this review will shed light on the analysis of these drugs and the methods to be developed in the coming years.

Keywords

• Molecularly imprinted polymers
• electrochemical sensor
• drug analysis
• real samples

SARS-CoV-2'de kullanılan antiviral ilaçların analizi için moleküler baskılı polimer tabanlı elektrokimyasal sensörler: Yenilikler ve son uygulamalar

Abstract

Bulaşıcı hastalıklara neden olan virüsler, canlıların sağlığı için hayati bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Antiviral ilaçlar, bu hastalıkların tedavisinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Son yıllarda, bulaşıcı hastalıkların ve küresel salgınların yaygınlığı nedeniyle antiviral ilaçların kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Son yıllarda, dünya çapında önemli ölümlere neden olan bulaşıcı bir hastalık olan COVID-19'un tedavisinde, özellikle SARS-CoV-2 olmak üzere antiviral ilaçlar kullanılmaktadır. Bu ilaçlar öncelikle virüslerin etkilerini azaltmak, yayılmalarını önlemek ve hastalığı tedavi etmek için kullanılmaktadır. Bu nedenle, MIP tabanlı elektrokimyasal sensörler, antiviral ilaçların hızlı, hassas, güvenilir, kararlı ve en önemlisi seçici bir şekilde tespitini sağlamak için yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca, MIP'ler minyatür cihazlara entegre edilebilir, tekrar kullanılabilir ve zorlu koşullar altında bile oldukça kararlı bir yapıya sahiptir. Literatür taraması, MIP tabanlı elektrokimyasal sensörlerin bu önemli avantajlarının, onları antiviral ilaçların seçici ve hassas bir şekilde belirlenmesinde önemli bir avantaj haline getirdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada, son yıllarda SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonlarının tedavisinde yaygın olarak kullanılan favipiravir, lopinavir, remdesivir, ribavirin ve umifenovir ilaçları için özel olarak tasarlanmış MIP tabanlı elektrokimyasal sensörlerin hem farmasötik hem de biyolojik örneklerdeki uygulamaları, sensör tasarımları ve özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, bu derleme, bu ilaçların analizine ve önümüzdeki yıllarda geliştirilecek yöntemlere ışık tutacaktır.

Keywords

• Moleküler olarak baskılanmış polimerler
• elektrokimyasal sensör
• ilaç analizi
• gerçek numuneler

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