Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Tarafından Hükmedilen Hapis Cezalarının İnfazına İlişkin Kuralların İç Hukuka Aktarılması: Bir Afrika Perspektifi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 43 Sayı: 1, 285 - 311, 19.07.2023

Etienne Kentsa

https://doi.org/10.26650/ppil.2023.43.1158843

Öz

Afrika ile Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi (UCM) arasındaki çalkantılı ilişkilerden dolayı, Afrika devletlerinin UCM Statüsü’nü uygulaması tartışmalıdır. Yazar, 8 Afrika devletinin (Burkina Faso, Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti, Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti, Kenya, Mauritius, Uganda, Güney Afrika ve Komor Adaları) hukukuna bakarak UCM Statüsü’nün 106. madde hükümlerinin mevzuata aktarılmasını değerlendirmektedir. İşbirliğine dair ulusal mevzuatın Roma Statüsü’ndeki işbirliği ve adli yardıma ilişkin ifadelerle uyumunun incelenmesi konuyla ilgili görüldüğünden, analiz hem Afrika’daki mevzuatların Roma Statüsü’yle hem de birbirleriyle kıyaslanmasını gerektirmektedir. Yazar, Afrika’daki kanunların, hapis cezalarının infazı üzerinde UCM’nin denetleme yetkisini isteksizce kabul etmelerine dikkat çekmektedir. Ardından, ulusal mevzuatın tutukluluk koşulları ve bununla alakalı güvencelere uygulanması ilkesinin karma bir şekilde birleştirilmesi, yani bu koşulların, mahkûmlara muameleye ilişkin genel kabul gören uluslararası sözleşme standartlarına uygunluğu, UCM tarafından mahkûm edilen kimselerle yerel mahkûmlara eşit muamele edilmesi, mahkûm ile UCM arasında haberleşme hürriyeti ve gizliliğinin sağlanmasını ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelemektedir. Son olarak yazar, çoğu Afrika devletinin işbirliğine dair kanunları cezalandırılan kişi ile UCM arasında haberleşme hürriyeti ve haberleşmenin gizliliği gereksinimini içerdiğinden, ilgili devletlerin UCM’nin denetim yetkisini genel olarak kabul ettikleri sonucuna ulaşılabilineceğini ileri sürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hukuka Aktarma, Hapis Cezaları, Infaz, Mahpuslara Muamele, Denetim

Incorporation of Rules Governing the Enforcement of Prison Sentences Imposed by the International Criminal Court ICC: An African Perspective

Öz

Because of the tumultuous relations between Africa and the International Criminal Court (ICC), the implementation of its Statute by African states remains topical. The author assesses the legislative incorporation of the provisions of Article 106 of the ICC Statute by the laws of eight African states (Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, DRC, Kenya, Mauritius, Uganda, South Africa, and the Union of the Comoros). Since it seems relevant to assess the conformity of national cooperation legislation with the statements of the Rome Statute on cooperation and judicial assistance, the analysis requires both the comparison of the African legislations with the Rome Statute and that of African legislations with each other. He notes the hesitant acknowledgement of the ICC’s supervisory power over the enforcement of prison sentences by African laws. He then elaborates on the mixed incorporation of the principle of application of the national legislation to the conditions of detention and related guarantees, that is, the compliance of these conditions with widely accepted international treaty standards on the treatment of prisoners, the equality of treatment of persons sentenced by the ICC and domestic prisoners and, the freedom and confidentiality of communications between the sentenced person and the ICC. Finally, the author argues that since most of the African states’ cooperation laws incorporate the requirement of freedom and confidentiality of communications between the sentenced person and the ICC, it can be inferred that the states concerned generally acknowledge the ICC’s power of supervision.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Incorporation, Prison Sentences, Enforcement, Treatment, Supervision

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