Research Article

Assessment of Cardiac Electrophysiological Alterations in Physically Active Children Using Ventricular Repolarization Parameters and Index of Cardiac Electrophysiological Balance

Volume: 13 Number: 2 July 31, 2025
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Assessment of Cardiac Electrophysiological Alterations in Physically Active Children Using Ventricular Repolarization Parameters and Index of Cardiac Electrophysiological Balance

Abstract

Background: Regular physical activity induces cardiovascular adaptations in children, which may affect ventricular repolarization which leads to arrhythmogenic risk. This study evaluates cardiac electrophysiological changes in children engaged in regular sports activity, using electrocardiographic ventricular repolarization parameters and the index of cardiac electrophysiological balance (iCEB), comparing them with non-athletic peers. Methods: A total of 160 healthy children aged 5–18 years were enrolled, including 79 athletes and 81 non-athletes. Athletes had engaged in organized sports for at least 1 year, with a minimum frequency of three 60-minute sessions per week. Baseline demographics, blood pressure, and electrocardiographic variables (QT, QTc, Tp-e, iCEB, and iCEBc) were recorded and analyzed. Results: Sinus bradycardia was observed in 26.4% of athletes. Heart rate was significantly lower in athletes compared to controls (p<0.001). Prolonged PR, QRS, QT, and Tp-e intervals were noted in the athletic group (p<0.05). iCEB and iCEBc values were significantly lower in the athlete group, suggesting altered electrophysiological balance. No pathological ECG findings requiring sports disqualification were identified. Conclusion: Physiological adaptations in athletic children can lead to measurable alterations in cardiac electrophysiology. Evaluation of repolarization parameters and iCEB may aid in early identification of children at risk of arrhythmia, thereby enhancing preparticipation cardiovascular screening protocols.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pediatric Cardiology

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

July 31, 2025

Submission Date

June 10, 2025

Acceptance Date

July 16, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 13 Number: 2

APA
Derme, B., & Kayalı, Ş. (2025). Assessment of Cardiac Electrophysiological Alterations in Physically Active Children Using Ventricular Repolarization Parameters and Index of Cardiac Electrophysiological Balance. Pediatric Practice and Research, 13(2), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.21765/pprjournal.1716620
AMA
1.Derme B, Kayalı Ş. Assessment of Cardiac Electrophysiological Alterations in Physically Active Children Using Ventricular Repolarization Parameters and Index of Cardiac Electrophysiological Balance. pediatr pract res. 2025;13(2):27-32. doi:10.21765/pprjournal.1716620
Chicago
Derme, Berat, and Şeyma Kayalı. 2025. “Assessment of Cardiac Electrophysiological Alterations in Physically Active Children Using Ventricular Repolarization Parameters and Index of Cardiac Electrophysiological Balance”. Pediatric Practice and Research 13 (2): 27-32. https://doi.org/10.21765/pprjournal.1716620.
EndNote
Derme B, Kayalı Ş (July 1, 2025) Assessment of Cardiac Electrophysiological Alterations in Physically Active Children Using Ventricular Repolarization Parameters and Index of Cardiac Electrophysiological Balance. Pediatric Practice and Research 13 2 27–32.
IEEE
[1]B. Derme and Ş. Kayalı, “Assessment of Cardiac Electrophysiological Alterations in Physically Active Children Using Ventricular Repolarization Parameters and Index of Cardiac Electrophysiological Balance”, pediatr pract res, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 27–32, July 2025, doi: 10.21765/pprjournal.1716620.
ISNAD
Derme, Berat - Kayalı, Şeyma. “Assessment of Cardiac Electrophysiological Alterations in Physically Active Children Using Ventricular Repolarization Parameters and Index of Cardiac Electrophysiological Balance”. Pediatric Practice and Research 13/2 (July 1, 2025): 27-32. https://doi.org/10.21765/pprjournal.1716620.
JAMA
1.Derme B, Kayalı Ş. Assessment of Cardiac Electrophysiological Alterations in Physically Active Children Using Ventricular Repolarization Parameters and Index of Cardiac Electrophysiological Balance. pediatr pract res. 2025;13:27–32.
MLA
Derme, Berat, and Şeyma Kayalı. “Assessment of Cardiac Electrophysiological Alterations in Physically Active Children Using Ventricular Repolarization Parameters and Index of Cardiac Electrophysiological Balance”. Pediatric Practice and Research, vol. 13, no. 2, July 2025, pp. 27-32, doi:10.21765/pprjournal.1716620.
Vancouver
1.Berat Derme, Şeyma Kayalı. Assessment of Cardiac Electrophysiological Alterations in Physically Active Children Using Ventricular Repolarization Parameters and Index of Cardiac Electrophysiological Balance. pediatr pract res. 2025 Jul. 1;13(2):27-32. doi:10.21765/pprjournal.1716620