Is There a Relationship Between The Presence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection In Children and History of Gastric Complaints in Their Parents?

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) was declared to be a "first-degree carcinogen" by WHO in 1994. It is usually transmitted during infancy and does not cause any symptoms in some people. Although the transmission of H. pylori has not understood completely yet, the principal reservoir appears to be family members. AİM The purpose of this retrospective study was investigated to the relationship between the presence of H.pylori infection in children and their parental history of gastric complaints. MATERIALS AND METHODS 612 children with gastric complaints (epigastric pain or dyspepsia), who underwent diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy, were tested for H. pylori infection between 01.01.2012 and 31.12.2017. The diagnosis of H. pylori infection was made if histological examination was positive. The presence of gastric complaints in their parents was investigated. If there was no recorded knowledge about the history of gastric complaints in patient’s parents, the child was excluded from this retrospective study. A total of 196 children (56 male, 140 female, average age 14.9 ± 3.5 years, median age 15.0 years, range 4–18 years) were included to the study for retrospective analysis. The relationship between the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection in children and history of gastric complaints in their parents was reviewed retrospectively. The SPSS 21.0 was used to analyse the statistical data. A p value <0.05 was considered an indication of statistical significance. RESULTS 184 patients (93.9%) in 196 children had H. pylori infection. 106 of 196 (54.1%) children had parental history of gastric complaints. H.pylori infection rate was similar in the children with parental history of gastric complaints compared without parental history of gastric complaints (98 of 106, 92.5% vs 86 of 90, 95.6%). The rate of parental history of gastric complaints was also similar in H. pylori-infected children compared non-infected children (98 of 184, 53.3% vs 8 of 12, 66.7%). CONCLUSION When their familial histories of gastric complaints were detected, it is not necessary for H.pylori screening to be conducted in all children if also without any gastric symptoms.

Keywords

• Helicobacter Pylori,Pylori,Parents,Dyspepsia

References

1. References 1- Miwa H, Go MF, Sato N. H. pylori and gastric cancer: the Asian enigma. Am J Gastroenterol 2002; 97: 1106-1112. 2- Correa P, Houghton J. Carcinogenesis of Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterology 2007; 133: 659-672 3- Wang C, Yuan Y, Hunt RH. The association between Helicobacter pylori infection and early gastric cancer: a metaanalysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102: 1789-1798 4- IARC. Working Group. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans. Schistosomes, liver flukes and Helicobacter Pylori, Vol. 61. Lyon, France: IARC, 1994 5- Pelayo Correa. Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Gastric Cancer. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. Vol. 12, 238s–241s, March 2003 (Suppl.) 6- Brown LM. Helicobacter pylori: epidemiology and routes of transmission. Epidemiol Rev 2000; 22: 283-297 7- Czinn SJ. Helicobacter pylori infection: detection, investigation, and management. J Pediatr 2005; 146: S21-S26. 8- Garg PK, Perry S, Sanchez L, Parsonnet J. Concordance of Helicobacter pylori infection among children in extended family homes. Epidemiol Infect 2006; 134: 450-459 9- Goodman KJ, Correa P. Transmission of Helicobacter pylori among siblings. Lancet 2000; 355: 358-362 10- De Schryver A, Van Winckel M, Cornelis K, Moens G, Devlies G, De Backer G. Helicobacter pylori infection: further evidence for the role of fecal-oral transmission. Helicobacter 2006; 11: 523-528 11- O’Donohoe JM, Sullivan PB, Scott R, et al. Recurrent abdominal pain and Helicobacter pylori in a community-based sample of London children. Acta Paediatr. 1996; 85: 961-4. 12- Yamashita Y, Fujisawa T, Kimura A, Kato H. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in children: a serologic study of the Kyushu region in Japan. Pediatr Int. 2001; 43: 4-7. 13- Malaty HM, Kim JG, Kim SD, Graham DY. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Kore¬an children: inverse relation to socioeconomic status despite a uniformly high prevalence in adults. Am J Epidemiol. 1996; 143: 257-62. 14- Aguemon BD, Struelens MJ, Massougbodji A, Ouendo EM. Prevalence and risk-factors for Helicobacter pylori infection in urban and rural Beninese populations. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2005; 11: 611-7. 15- Yilmaz E, Dogan Y, Gurgoze MK, Unal S. Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among children and their parents in eastern Turkey. J Paediatr Child Health 2002; 38: 183-6. 16- Selimoglu MA, Ertekin V, Inandi T. Seroepidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in children living in eastern Turkey. Pediatr Int 2002; 44: 666-9. 17- Fock KM, Katelaris P, Sugano K, Ang TL, Hunt R, Talley NJ, Lam SK, Xiao SD, Tan HJ, Wu CY, Jung HC, Hoang BH, Kachintorn U, Goh KL, Chiba T, Rani AA; Second Asia-Pacific Conference. Second Asia-Pacific Consensus Guidelines for Helicobacter pylori infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009; 24: 1587-600. 18- Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O’Morain C et al. Current concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection: the Maastricht III Consensus Report. Gut 2007; 56: 772–81. 19- Perri F, Manes G, Neri M, Vaira D, Nardone G. Helicobacter pylori antigen stool test and 13C-urea breath test in patients after eradication treatments. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2002; 97: 2756–62. 20- Gisbert JP, Pajares JM. Review article: C-urea breath test in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection – a critical review. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 2004; 20: 1001–17. 21- Gisbert JP, Pajares JM. Stool antigen test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection: a systematic review. Helicobacter 2004; 9: 347–68. 22- Rowland M, Daly L, Vaughan M, et al. Age-specific incidence of Helicobacter pylori. Gastro¬enterology. 2006; 130: 65-72. 23- Ceylan A, Kirimi E, Tuncer O, Turkdogan K, Arıyuca S, Ceylan N. prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in children and their family members in a district in turkey J Health Popul Nutr 2007; 25: 422-427. 24- Escobar ML, Kawakami E. Evidence of mother-child transmission of Helicobacter pylori in¬fection. Arq Gastroenterol. 2004; 41: 239-44. 25- Malaty HM, El-Kasabany A, Graham DY, et al. Age at acquisition of Helicobacter pylori infec¬tion: a follow-up study from infancy to adulthood. Lancet. 2002; 359: 931-5. 26- Glynn MK, Friedman CR, Gold BD, et al. Seroincidence of Helicobacter pylori infection in a cohort of rural Bolivian children: acquisition and analysis of possible risk factors. Clin Infect Dis. 2002; 35: 1059-65. 27- Ozen A, Ertem D, Pehlivanoglu E. Natural history and symptomatology of Helicobacter pylori in childhood and factors determining the epidemiology of infection. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006; 42: 398-404. 28- Bujanover Y, Reif S, Yahav J. Helicobacter pylori and peptic disease in the pediatric patient. Pediatr Clin North Am 1996; 43: 213-34. 29- Drumm B, Perez-Perez GI, Blaser MJ, Sherman PM. Intrafamilial clustering of Helicobacter pylori infection. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 359-63. 30- Malaty HM, Graham DY, Klein PD, Evans DG, Adam E, Evans DJ. Transmission of Helicobacter pylori infection studies in families of healthy individuals. Scand J Gastroenterol 1991; 26: 927-32. 31- Best LM, Veldhuyzen van Zanten SJ, Sherman PM, Bezanson GS. Serological detection of Helicobacter pylori antibodies in children and their parents. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32: 1193-6. 32- Blecker U, Lanciers S, Mehta DI, Vandenplas Y. Familial clustering of Helicobacter pylori infection. Clin Pediatr 1994; 33: 305-6.