Postoperative Pain Management In Children
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 16 - 25, 31.08.2018
Rahşan Dilek Okyay
,
Hilal Ayoğlu
Öz
Postoperative pain is an important factor that can affect morbidity and mortality in postoperative period. Although information about pain is increasing day by day in children, there are still insufficiencies in pain treatment. There are many intraoperative and postoperative methods to reduce postoperative pain. In this review, it is aimed to present updated information about postoperative pain management in children under the guidance of "Postoerative Pain Treatment Guide".
Kaynakça
- . Gorczyca R, Filip R, Walczak E. Psychological aspects of pain. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013;1:23-7.2. Pope N, Tallon M, McConigley R et al. Experiences of acute pain in children who present to a healthcare facility for treatment: a systematic review of qualitative evidence. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2017; 15(6):1612-44.3. Wen SQ, Taylor BJ, Lixia Z et al. Children's experiences of their postoperative pain management: a qualitative systematic review. JBI Database of System Rev Implement Rep. 2013; 11 (4):1–66.4. Cai Y, Lopata L, Roh A et al. Factors influencing postoperative pain following discharge in pediatric ambulatory surgery patients. J Clin Anesth. 2017; 39: 100-04. 5. Frizzell KH, Cavanaugh PK, Herman MJ. Pediatric perioperative pain management. Orthopedic Clinics of North America 2017; 48(4): 467-80.6. Boric K, Dosenovic S, Jelicic Kadic A et al. Interventions for postoperative pain in children: An overview of systematic reviews. Paediatr Anaesth. 2017:1-12. 7. Chou R, Gordon DB, de Leon-Casasola OA et al. Guidelines on the management of postoperative pain. J Pain. 2016; 7: 131-57. 8. Gehdoo RP. Post operative pain management in paediatric patients. Indian J. Anaesth. 2004; 48(5) :406-14.9. Andersen RD, Langius-Eklöf A, Nakstad B et al. The measurement properties of pediatric observational pain scales: A systematic review of reviews. Int J Nurs Stud. 2017; 20(73):93-101. 10. Manocha S, Taneja N. Assessment of paediatric pain: a critical review. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2016;27(4):323-31.11. Flaherty SA. Pain measurement tools for clinical practice and research. AANA J. 1996; 64(2):133-40.12. Williamson A, Hoggart B. Pain: a review of three commonly used pain rating scales. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2005;14, 798–804.13. Bergh I, Sjostrom B, Oden A et al. An application of pain rating scales in geriatric patients. Aging Clin Exp Res 2000;12: 380-87.14. Gagliese L, Katz J. Age differences in postoperative pain are scale dependent: A comparison of measures of pain intensity and quality in younger and older surgical patients. Pain 2003; 103: 11-20.15. Hicks CL, von Baeyer CL, Spafford PA et al van Korlaar I, Goodenough. The Faces Pain Scale-Revised: toward a common metric in pediatric pain measurement. Pain. 2001 Aug;93(2):173-83.16. Pain Scale - Revised (FPS-R). Available at: http://www.iasp-pain.org/files/Content /ContentFolders/Resources 2/FPSR/FPS-R_English.pdf. Accessed October 30, 2014.17. Wynne CF. Comparison of pain assessment instruments in cognitively intact and cognitively impaired nursing home residents. Geriatr Nurs 2000; 21:20-3.18. Merkel SI, Voepel-Lewis T, Shayevitz JR et al. The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs 1997;23:293–97.19. Redmann AJ, Wang Y, Furstein J et al. The use of the FLACC pain scale in pediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2017; 92:115-18.20. Şenaylı Y, Özkan F, Şenaylı A ve ark. Çocuklarada postoperatif ağrının FLACC (YBAAT) ağrı skalasıyla değerlendirilmesi. Türkiye Klinikleri J Anest Reanim 2006; 4: 1-4.21. Shah RD, Suresh S. Acute pain management in the pediatric ambulatory setting: How do we optimize the child's postoperative experience? J Clin Anesth 2017;40:103-4.22. de Azevedo CB, Carenzi LR, de Queiroz DL et al. Clinical utility of PPPM and FPS-R to quantify post-tonsillectomy pain in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;78(2):296-9.23. Elvir OR, White PF. The role of mulimodal analgesia in pain management after ambulatory surgery. Curr Opin Anaesth. 2010; 23: 697-70324. Savarese JJ, Tabler NG Jr. Multimodal analgesia as an alternative to the risks of opioid monotherapy in surgical pain management. J Healthc Risk Manag. 2017;37(1):24-30. 25. Dawes JM, Cooke EM, Hannam JA et al. Oral morphine dosing predictions based on single dose in healthy children undergoing surgery. Paediatr Anaesth. 2017;27(1):28-36. 26. Jill Jin. Risks of Codeine and Tramadol in Children. JAMA 2017;318(15):1514.27. Epstein HM. Postoperative patient-controlled analgesia in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. Crit Care Nurse. 2017;37(1):55-61. 28. Jarzyna D, Jungquist CR, Pasero C et al. American society for pain management nursing guidelines on monitoring for opioid-induced sedation and respiratory depression. Pain Manag Nurs 2011;12:118-45.29. Cooper TE, Fisher E, Gray AL et al. Opioids for chronic non-cancer pain in children and adolescents (Protocol) Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;26;7:CD012538. doi: 10.1002/14651858.30. Roberts CA, Shah-Becker S, O'Connell Ferster A et al. Randomized Prospective Evaluation of intraoperative intravenous acetaminophen in pediatric adenotonsillectomy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017 Sep 1:194599817728911. doi: 10.1177/0194599817728911.31. Van Cleve WC, Grigg EB. Variability in opioid prescribing for children undergoing ambulatory surgery in the United States.J of Clin Anesth. 2017; 41: 16-20.32. Mudd PA, Thottathil P, Giordano T et al. Association between ibuprofen use and severity of surgically managed posttonsillectomy hemorrhage. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017; 143(7):712-17.33. Mayell A, Srinivasan I, Campbell F et al. Analgesic effects of gabapentin after scoliosis surgery in children: a randomized controlled trial. Paediatr Anaesth. 2014; 24:1239–44. 34. Choudhry DK, Brenn BR, Sacks K et al. Evaluation of gabapentin and clonidine use in children following spinal fusion surgery for idiopathic scoliosis: a retrospective review. J Pediatr Orthop. 2017 Apr 10. doi: 10.109735. Vadivelu N, Schermer E, Kodumudi V et al. Role of ketamine for analgesia in adults and children. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2016; 32(3):298-306. 36. Zhu A, Benzon HA, Anderson TA. Evidence for the efficacy of systemic opioid-sparing analgesics in pediatric surgical populations: A systematic review. Anesth Analg. 2017; 125(5):1569-87. 37. Plank RM, Kubiak DW, Abdullahi RB et al. Loss of anatomical landmarks with eutectic mixture of local anesthetic cream for neonatal male circumcision. J Pediatr Urol. 2013;9(1): 86–90.38. Lundblad M, Trifa M, Kaabachi O et al. Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists as adjuncts to peripheral nerve blocks in children: a meta-analysis. Paediatr Anaesth. 2016; 26(3):232-8.39. Jöhr M. Regional anaesthesia in neonates, infants and children: an educational review. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2015;32(5):289-97. 40. Veneziano G, Iliev P, Tripi J et al. Continuous chloroprocaine infusion for thoracic and caudal epidurals as a postoperative analgesia modality in neonates, infants, and children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2016;26(1):84-91.
Çocuklarda Postoperatif Ağrı Yönetimi
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 16 - 25, 31.08.2018
Rahşan Dilek Okyay
,
Hilal Ayoğlu
Öz
Postoperatif
ağrı, ameliyat sonrası dönemde morbidite ve mortaliteyi etkileyebilen önemli
bir etkendir. Çocuklarda ağrıyla ilgili bilgiler gün geçtikçe artıyor olmasına
rağmen ağrı tedavisinde hala yetersizlikler mevcuttur. Postoperatif ağrıyı
azaltmak için intraoperatif ve postoperatif birçok yöntem bulunmaktadır. Bu
derlemede “Postoeratif Ağrı Tedavisi Kılavuzu” eşliğinde çocuklarda
postoperatif ağrı yönetimi hakkında güncel bilgilerin anlatılması
amaçlanmıştır.
Kaynakça
- . Gorczyca R, Filip R, Walczak E. Psychological aspects of pain. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013;1:23-7.2. Pope N, Tallon M, McConigley R et al. Experiences of acute pain in children who present to a healthcare facility for treatment: a systematic review of qualitative evidence. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2017; 15(6):1612-44.3. Wen SQ, Taylor BJ, Lixia Z et al. Children's experiences of their postoperative pain management: a qualitative systematic review. JBI Database of System Rev Implement Rep. 2013; 11 (4):1–66.4. Cai Y, Lopata L, Roh A et al. Factors influencing postoperative pain following discharge in pediatric ambulatory surgery patients. J Clin Anesth. 2017; 39: 100-04. 5. Frizzell KH, Cavanaugh PK, Herman MJ. Pediatric perioperative pain management. Orthopedic Clinics of North America 2017; 48(4): 467-80.6. Boric K, Dosenovic S, Jelicic Kadic A et al. Interventions for postoperative pain in children: An overview of systematic reviews. Paediatr Anaesth. 2017:1-12. 7. Chou R, Gordon DB, de Leon-Casasola OA et al. Guidelines on the management of postoperative pain. J Pain. 2016; 7: 131-57. 8. Gehdoo RP. Post operative pain management in paediatric patients. Indian J. Anaesth. 2004; 48(5) :406-14.9. Andersen RD, Langius-Eklöf A, Nakstad B et al. The measurement properties of pediatric observational pain scales: A systematic review of reviews. Int J Nurs Stud. 2017; 20(73):93-101. 10. Manocha S, Taneja N. Assessment of paediatric pain: a critical review. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2016;27(4):323-31.11. Flaherty SA. Pain measurement tools for clinical practice and research. AANA J. 1996; 64(2):133-40.12. Williamson A, Hoggart B. Pain: a review of three commonly used pain rating scales. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2005;14, 798–804.13. Bergh I, Sjostrom B, Oden A et al. An application of pain rating scales in geriatric patients. Aging Clin Exp Res 2000;12: 380-87.14. Gagliese L, Katz J. Age differences in postoperative pain are scale dependent: A comparison of measures of pain intensity and quality in younger and older surgical patients. Pain 2003; 103: 11-20.15. Hicks CL, von Baeyer CL, Spafford PA et al van Korlaar I, Goodenough. The Faces Pain Scale-Revised: toward a common metric in pediatric pain measurement. Pain. 2001 Aug;93(2):173-83.16. Pain Scale - Revised (FPS-R). Available at: http://www.iasp-pain.org/files/Content /ContentFolders/Resources 2/FPSR/FPS-R_English.pdf. Accessed October 30, 2014.17. Wynne CF. Comparison of pain assessment instruments in cognitively intact and cognitively impaired nursing home residents. Geriatr Nurs 2000; 21:20-3.18. Merkel SI, Voepel-Lewis T, Shayevitz JR et al. The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs 1997;23:293–97.19. Redmann AJ, Wang Y, Furstein J et al. The use of the FLACC pain scale in pediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2017; 92:115-18.20. Şenaylı Y, Özkan F, Şenaylı A ve ark. Çocuklarada postoperatif ağrının FLACC (YBAAT) ağrı skalasıyla değerlendirilmesi. Türkiye Klinikleri J Anest Reanim 2006; 4: 1-4.21. Shah RD, Suresh S. Acute pain management in the pediatric ambulatory setting: How do we optimize the child's postoperative experience? J Clin Anesth 2017;40:103-4.22. de Azevedo CB, Carenzi LR, de Queiroz DL et al. Clinical utility of PPPM and FPS-R to quantify post-tonsillectomy pain in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;78(2):296-9.23. Elvir OR, White PF. The role of mulimodal analgesia in pain management after ambulatory surgery. Curr Opin Anaesth. 2010; 23: 697-70324. Savarese JJ, Tabler NG Jr. Multimodal analgesia as an alternative to the risks of opioid monotherapy in surgical pain management. J Healthc Risk Manag. 2017;37(1):24-30. 25. Dawes JM, Cooke EM, Hannam JA et al. Oral morphine dosing predictions based on single dose in healthy children undergoing surgery. Paediatr Anaesth. 2017;27(1):28-36. 26. Jill Jin. Risks of Codeine and Tramadol in Children. JAMA 2017;318(15):1514.27. Epstein HM. Postoperative patient-controlled analgesia in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. Crit Care Nurse. 2017;37(1):55-61. 28. Jarzyna D, Jungquist CR, Pasero C et al. American society for pain management nursing guidelines on monitoring for opioid-induced sedation and respiratory depression. Pain Manag Nurs 2011;12:118-45.29. Cooper TE, Fisher E, Gray AL et al. Opioids for chronic non-cancer pain in children and adolescents (Protocol) Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;26;7:CD012538. doi: 10.1002/14651858.30. Roberts CA, Shah-Becker S, O'Connell Ferster A et al. Randomized Prospective Evaluation of intraoperative intravenous acetaminophen in pediatric adenotonsillectomy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017 Sep 1:194599817728911. doi: 10.1177/0194599817728911.31. Van Cleve WC, Grigg EB. Variability in opioid prescribing for children undergoing ambulatory surgery in the United States.J of Clin Anesth. 2017; 41: 16-20.32. Mudd PA, Thottathil P, Giordano T et al. Association between ibuprofen use and severity of surgically managed posttonsillectomy hemorrhage. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017; 143(7):712-17.33. Mayell A, Srinivasan I, Campbell F et al. Analgesic effects of gabapentin after scoliosis surgery in children: a randomized controlled trial. Paediatr Anaesth. 2014; 24:1239–44. 34. Choudhry DK, Brenn BR, Sacks K et al. Evaluation of gabapentin and clonidine use in children following spinal fusion surgery for idiopathic scoliosis: a retrospective review. J Pediatr Orthop. 2017 Apr 10. doi: 10.109735. Vadivelu N, Schermer E, Kodumudi V et al. Role of ketamine for analgesia in adults and children. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2016; 32(3):298-306. 36. Zhu A, Benzon HA, Anderson TA. Evidence for the efficacy of systemic opioid-sparing analgesics in pediatric surgical populations: A systematic review. Anesth Analg. 2017; 125(5):1569-87. 37. Plank RM, Kubiak DW, Abdullahi RB et al. Loss of anatomical landmarks with eutectic mixture of local anesthetic cream for neonatal male circumcision. J Pediatr Urol. 2013;9(1): 86–90.38. Lundblad M, Trifa M, Kaabachi O et al. Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists as adjuncts to peripheral nerve blocks in children: a meta-analysis. Paediatr Anaesth. 2016; 26(3):232-8.39. Jöhr M. Regional anaesthesia in neonates, infants and children: an educational review. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2015;32(5):289-97. 40. Veneziano G, Iliev P, Tripi J et al. Continuous chloroprocaine infusion for thoracic and caudal epidurals as a postoperative analgesia modality in neonates, infants, and children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2016;26(1):84-91.