Year 2022,
Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 55 - 73, 30.06.2022
Mutia Husna Avezahra
,
Tutut Chusniyah
References
- Angelone, D. J., Mitchell, D., & Smith, D. (2018). The influence of gender ideology, victim resistance, and spiking a drink on acquaintance rape attributions. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(20), 3186-3210. doi:10.1177/0886260516635318
- Barn, R., & Powers, R. A. (2018). Rape myth acceptance in contemporary times: A comparative study of university students in india and the united kingdom. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, , 886260518775750. doi:10.1177/0886260518775750
- Barnett, M. D., Hale, T. M., & Sligar, K. B. (2017). Masculinity, femininity, sexual dysfunctional beliefs, and rape myth acceptance among heterosexual college men and women. Sexuality & Culture: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly, 21(3), 741-753. doi:10.1007/s12119-017-9420-3
- Barnett, M. D., Sligar, K. B., & Wang, C. D. C. (2018). Religious affiliation, religiosity, gender, and rape myth acceptance: Feminist theory and rape culture. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(8), 1219-1235. doi:10.1177/0886260516665110
- Bhogal, M. S., & Corbett, S. (2016). The influence of aggressiveness on rape-myth acceptance among university students. Psychiatry, Psychology & Law, 23(5), 709-715. doi:10.1080/13218719.2016.1142931
- Blackburn, S. (1999) 'Gender Violence and the Indonesian Political Transition'. Asian Studies Review 23 (4), 433-448
- Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2006a) 'Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology'. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2), 77-101
- Brownmiller, S. (1975). Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
- Burt, M. B. (1980). Cultural myths and supports for rape. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 38, 217–230. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.38.2.217
- Canto, J. M., Perles, F., & Martín, J. S. (2014). The role of right-wing authoritarianism, sexism and culture of honour in rape myths acceptance. Revista De Psicologia Social, 29(2), 296-318. doi:10.1080/02134748.2014.918822
- Creswell, J. W., author (2014) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches [online] Fourth edition, International student edition.. Edn
- Davies, M., Gilston, J., & Rogers, P. (2012). Examining the relationship between male rape myth acceptance, female rape myth acceptance, victim blame, homophobia, gender roles, and ambivalent sexism. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(14), 2807-2823. doi:10.1177/0886260512438281
- Deming, M. E., Covan, E. K., Swan, S. C., & Billings, D. L. (2013). Exploring rape myths, gendered norms, group processing, and the social context of rape among college women: A qualitative analysis. Violence Against Women, 19(4), 465-485. doi:10.1177/1077801213487044
- Droogendyk, L., & Wright, S. C. (2014). Perceptions of interpersonal versus intergroup violence: The case of sexual assault. PLoS ONE, 9(11), 1-12. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112365
- Foubert, J., Brosi, M., & Bannon, R. S. (2011). Pornography viewing among fraternity men: Effects on bystander intervention, rape myth acceptance and behavioral intent to commit sexual assault. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 18(4), 212-231. doi:10.1080/10720162.2011.625552
- G., J., Choudhari, S. B., Mutalik, N. R., & Bhogale, G. S. (2016). Perception about women and attitude towards a rape victim -- a cross sectional study. Medica Innovatica, 5(2), 22-27. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,sso&db=a9h&AN=121108389&site=ehost-live&authtype=sso&custid=s9872838
- Gravelin, C. R., Biernat, M., & Bucher, C. E. (2019). Blaming the victim of acquaintance rape: Individual, situational, and sociocultural factors. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2422. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02422
- Hayes, R. M., Abbott, R. L., & Cook, S. (2016). It’s her fault: Student acceptance of rape myths on two college campuses. Violence Against Women, 22(13), 1540-1555. doi:10.1177/1077801216630147
- Koss, M. P. (1993). Detecting the scope of rape: A review of prevalence research methods. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 8(2), 198-222. doi:10.1177/088626093008002004
- Lee, J., Kim, J., & Lim, H. (2010). Rape myth acceptance among korean college students: The roles of gender, attitudes toward women, and sexual double standard. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(7), 1200-1223. doi:10.1177/0886260509340536
- LeMaire, K. L., Oswald, D. L., & Russell, B. L. (2016). Labeling sexual victimization experiences: The role of sexism, rape myth acceptance, and tolerance for sexual harassment. Violence and Victims, 31(2), 332-346. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-13-00148
- Lutz-Zois, C., Moler, K. A., & Brown, M. J. (2015). Mechanisms for the relationship between traditional masculine ideologies and rape myth acceptance among college men. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 24(1), 84-101. doi:10.1080/10926771.2015.996311
Lonsway, K. A., and Fitzgerald, L. F. (1994). Rape myths: in review. Psychol. Women Q. 18, 133–164. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.1994.tb00448.x
- McMahon, S., & Farmer, G. L. (2011). An updated measure for assessing subtle rape myths. Social Work Research, 35(2), 71-81. doi:10.1093/swr/35.2.71
- Nafuka, N., & Shino, E. (2014). Rape myths and victim blaming: A study of attitudes of university students in namibia. Journal for Studies in Humanities & Social Sciences, 3(1), 81-98. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,sso&db=a9h&AN=118950314&site=ehost-live&authtype=sso&custid=s9872838
- O'Connor, J., Cusano, J., McMahon, S., & Draper, J. (2018). Students' articulation of subtle rape myths surrounding campus sexual assault. Journal of College Student Development, 59(4), 439-455. doi:10.1353/csd.2018.0041
- Persson, S., Dhingra, K., & Grogan, S. (2018). Attributions of victim blame in stranger and acquaintance rape: A quantitative study. Journal of Clinical Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.), 27(13-14), 2640-2649. doi:10.1111/jocn.14351
- Qureshi, H., Kulig, T. C., Cullen, F. T., & Fisher, B. S. (2020). Rape myth acceptance among college students in india: Prevalence and predictors in a changing context. Deviant Behavior, doi:10.1080/01639625.2020.1720935
- Rebeiz, M. J., & Harb, C. (2010). Perceptions of rape and attitudes toward women in a sample of lebanese students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(4), 735-752. doi:10.1177/0886260509334410
- Rubinsky, V., Hosek, A. M., & Hudak, N. (2019). 'It’s better to be depressed skinny than happy fat:' College women’s memorable body messages and their impact on body image, self-esteem, and rape myth acceptance. Health Communication, 34(13), 1555-1563. doi:10.1080/10410236.2018.1504659
- Sanchez-Hucles, J., and Dutton, M. A. (1999). “The interaction between societal violence and domestic violence: racial and cultural factors,” in What Causes Men’s Violence Against Women?, eds M. Harway and J. M. O’Neil (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications), 183–203. doi: 10.4135/9781452231921.n11
- Sleath, E., & Bull, R. (2015). A brief report on rape myth acceptance: Differences between police officers, law students, and psychology students in the united kingdom. Violence and Victims, 30(1), 136-147. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,sso&db=cmedm&AN=25774419&site=ehost-live&authtype=sso&custid=s9872838
- Sprankle, E., Bloomquist, K., Butcher, C., Gleason, N., & Schaefer, Z. (2018). The role of sex work stigma in victim blaming and empathy of sexual assault survivors. Sexuality Research & Social Policy: A Journal of the NSRC, 15(3), 242-248. doi:10.1007/s13178-017-0282-0
- Stoll, L. C., Lilley, T. G., & Pinter, K. (2017). Gender-blind sexism and rape myth acceptance. Violence Against Women, 23(1), 28-45. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,sso&db=cmedm&AN=26944715&site=ehost-live&authtype=sso&custid=s9872838
- The Conversation (2018) Victim-blaming culture holds back #MeToo in Indonesia [Online] available from (http://theconversation.com/victim-blaming-culture-holds-back-metoo-in-indonesia-106671)
- Thomson Reuters Foundation (2019) Indonesian woman jailed for reporting harassment urges end to victim-blaming [Online] Available from (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-indonesia-rights-women/indonesian-woman-jailed-for-reporting-harassment-urges-end-to-victim-blaming-idUSKCN1U522Z)
- World Health Organization [WHO] (2005). Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence Against Women: Summary Report of Initial Results on Prevalence, Health Outcomes and Women’s Responses. Geneva: World Health Organization.
- Vandiver, D. M., & Dupalo, J. R. (2013). Factors that affect college students' perceptions of rape: What is the role of gender and other situational factors? International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 57(5), 592-612. doi:10.1177/0306624X12436797
The internalisation and normalisation process of rape myth acceptance: a qualitative study
Year 2022,
Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 55 - 73, 30.06.2022
Mutia Husna Avezahra
,
Tutut Chusniyah
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the general perception of the female rape victims and identify aspects constructing victim-blaming attitude in college students. This study generated qualitative design method with an in-depth interview in data collection. The number of participants in this study is fourteen consisted of seven males and seven female college students in Indonesia. This study examined the perspective toward female rape victim by evaluating aspects appeared within rape scope and rape myth acceptance topic. The result showed that there are an internalisation and normalisation process behind the act of victim blaming in Indonesia.
References
- Angelone, D. J., Mitchell, D., & Smith, D. (2018). The influence of gender ideology, victim resistance, and spiking a drink on acquaintance rape attributions. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(20), 3186-3210. doi:10.1177/0886260516635318
- Barn, R., & Powers, R. A. (2018). Rape myth acceptance in contemporary times: A comparative study of university students in india and the united kingdom. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, , 886260518775750. doi:10.1177/0886260518775750
- Barnett, M. D., Hale, T. M., & Sligar, K. B. (2017). Masculinity, femininity, sexual dysfunctional beliefs, and rape myth acceptance among heterosexual college men and women. Sexuality & Culture: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly, 21(3), 741-753. doi:10.1007/s12119-017-9420-3
- Barnett, M. D., Sligar, K. B., & Wang, C. D. C. (2018). Religious affiliation, religiosity, gender, and rape myth acceptance: Feminist theory and rape culture. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(8), 1219-1235. doi:10.1177/0886260516665110
- Bhogal, M. S., & Corbett, S. (2016). The influence of aggressiveness on rape-myth acceptance among university students. Psychiatry, Psychology & Law, 23(5), 709-715. doi:10.1080/13218719.2016.1142931
- Blackburn, S. (1999) 'Gender Violence and the Indonesian Political Transition'. Asian Studies Review 23 (4), 433-448
- Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2006a) 'Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology'. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2), 77-101
- Brownmiller, S. (1975). Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
- Burt, M. B. (1980). Cultural myths and supports for rape. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 38, 217–230. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.38.2.217
- Canto, J. M., Perles, F., & Martín, J. S. (2014). The role of right-wing authoritarianism, sexism and culture of honour in rape myths acceptance. Revista De Psicologia Social, 29(2), 296-318. doi:10.1080/02134748.2014.918822
- Creswell, J. W., author (2014) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches [online] Fourth edition, International student edition.. Edn
- Davies, M., Gilston, J., & Rogers, P. (2012). Examining the relationship between male rape myth acceptance, female rape myth acceptance, victim blame, homophobia, gender roles, and ambivalent sexism. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(14), 2807-2823. doi:10.1177/0886260512438281
- Deming, M. E., Covan, E. K., Swan, S. C., & Billings, D. L. (2013). Exploring rape myths, gendered norms, group processing, and the social context of rape among college women: A qualitative analysis. Violence Against Women, 19(4), 465-485. doi:10.1177/1077801213487044
- Droogendyk, L., & Wright, S. C. (2014). Perceptions of interpersonal versus intergroup violence: The case of sexual assault. PLoS ONE, 9(11), 1-12. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112365
- Foubert, J., Brosi, M., & Bannon, R. S. (2011). Pornography viewing among fraternity men: Effects on bystander intervention, rape myth acceptance and behavioral intent to commit sexual assault. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 18(4), 212-231. doi:10.1080/10720162.2011.625552
- G., J., Choudhari, S. B., Mutalik, N. R., & Bhogale, G. S. (2016). Perception about women and attitude towards a rape victim -- a cross sectional study. Medica Innovatica, 5(2), 22-27. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,sso&db=a9h&AN=121108389&site=ehost-live&authtype=sso&custid=s9872838
- Gravelin, C. R., Biernat, M., & Bucher, C. E. (2019). Blaming the victim of acquaintance rape: Individual, situational, and sociocultural factors. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2422. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02422
- Hayes, R. M., Abbott, R. L., & Cook, S. (2016). It’s her fault: Student acceptance of rape myths on two college campuses. Violence Against Women, 22(13), 1540-1555. doi:10.1177/1077801216630147
- Koss, M. P. (1993). Detecting the scope of rape: A review of prevalence research methods. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 8(2), 198-222. doi:10.1177/088626093008002004
- Lee, J., Kim, J., & Lim, H. (2010). Rape myth acceptance among korean college students: The roles of gender, attitudes toward women, and sexual double standard. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(7), 1200-1223. doi:10.1177/0886260509340536
- LeMaire, K. L., Oswald, D. L., & Russell, B. L. (2016). Labeling sexual victimization experiences: The role of sexism, rape myth acceptance, and tolerance for sexual harassment. Violence and Victims, 31(2), 332-346. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-13-00148
- Lutz-Zois, C., Moler, K. A., & Brown, M. J. (2015). Mechanisms for the relationship between traditional masculine ideologies and rape myth acceptance among college men. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 24(1), 84-101. doi:10.1080/10926771.2015.996311
Lonsway, K. A., and Fitzgerald, L. F. (1994). Rape myths: in review. Psychol. Women Q. 18, 133–164. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.1994.tb00448.x
- McMahon, S., & Farmer, G. L. (2011). An updated measure for assessing subtle rape myths. Social Work Research, 35(2), 71-81. doi:10.1093/swr/35.2.71
- Nafuka, N., & Shino, E. (2014). Rape myths and victim blaming: A study of attitudes of university students in namibia. Journal for Studies in Humanities & Social Sciences, 3(1), 81-98. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,sso&db=a9h&AN=118950314&site=ehost-live&authtype=sso&custid=s9872838
- O'Connor, J., Cusano, J., McMahon, S., & Draper, J. (2018). Students' articulation of subtle rape myths surrounding campus sexual assault. Journal of College Student Development, 59(4), 439-455. doi:10.1353/csd.2018.0041
- Persson, S., Dhingra, K., & Grogan, S. (2018). Attributions of victim blame in stranger and acquaintance rape: A quantitative study. Journal of Clinical Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.), 27(13-14), 2640-2649. doi:10.1111/jocn.14351
- Qureshi, H., Kulig, T. C., Cullen, F. T., & Fisher, B. S. (2020). Rape myth acceptance among college students in india: Prevalence and predictors in a changing context. Deviant Behavior, doi:10.1080/01639625.2020.1720935
- Rebeiz, M. J., & Harb, C. (2010). Perceptions of rape and attitudes toward women in a sample of lebanese students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(4), 735-752. doi:10.1177/0886260509334410
- Rubinsky, V., Hosek, A. M., & Hudak, N. (2019). 'It’s better to be depressed skinny than happy fat:' College women’s memorable body messages and their impact on body image, self-esteem, and rape myth acceptance. Health Communication, 34(13), 1555-1563. doi:10.1080/10410236.2018.1504659
- Sanchez-Hucles, J., and Dutton, M. A. (1999). “The interaction between societal violence and domestic violence: racial and cultural factors,” in What Causes Men’s Violence Against Women?, eds M. Harway and J. M. O’Neil (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications), 183–203. doi: 10.4135/9781452231921.n11
- Sleath, E., & Bull, R. (2015). A brief report on rape myth acceptance: Differences between police officers, law students, and psychology students in the united kingdom. Violence and Victims, 30(1), 136-147. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,sso&db=cmedm&AN=25774419&site=ehost-live&authtype=sso&custid=s9872838
- Sprankle, E., Bloomquist, K., Butcher, C., Gleason, N., & Schaefer, Z. (2018). The role of sex work stigma in victim blaming and empathy of sexual assault survivors. Sexuality Research & Social Policy: A Journal of the NSRC, 15(3), 242-248. doi:10.1007/s13178-017-0282-0
- Stoll, L. C., Lilley, T. G., & Pinter, K. (2017). Gender-blind sexism and rape myth acceptance. Violence Against Women, 23(1), 28-45. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,sso&db=cmedm&AN=26944715&site=ehost-live&authtype=sso&custid=s9872838
- The Conversation (2018) Victim-blaming culture holds back #MeToo in Indonesia [Online] available from (http://theconversation.com/victim-blaming-culture-holds-back-metoo-in-indonesia-106671)
- Thomson Reuters Foundation (2019) Indonesian woman jailed for reporting harassment urges end to victim-blaming [Online] Available from (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-indonesia-rights-women/indonesian-woman-jailed-for-reporting-harassment-urges-end-to-victim-blaming-idUSKCN1U522Z)
- World Health Organization [WHO] (2005). Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence Against Women: Summary Report of Initial Results on Prevalence, Health Outcomes and Women’s Responses. Geneva: World Health Organization.
- Vandiver, D. M., & Dupalo, J. R. (2013). Factors that affect college students' perceptions of rape: What is the role of gender and other situational factors? International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 57(5), 592-612. doi:10.1177/0306624X12436797